Microbe–Host Interactions in Human Infections

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 3574

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Medicine, Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: Aspergillus ssp.; Candida spp.; fungal infections; antimycotic drugs; fungal biofilm; fungi-host interaction; antifungal resistance; natural compounds
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Guest Editor
Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: Candida; Aspergillus; retinoids; trifarotene; all-trans retinoic acid; Trichophyton; psoriasis; mycobiota; botulin toxin; IL-17; apremilast; bimekizumab; poliomavirus; glutathione

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite the huge progress which has been made in recent decades, infectious diseases continue to pose a serious threat to public health. The global rise in antimicrobial resistance in pathogens, in the era of new emerging and re-emerging zoonotic infectious diseases, has challenged the medical community.

Microbial infection is a highly dynamic process between the host immunity and microbes. Although important advances have been made in understanding the complex interplay between the host and pathogens during infection, our knowledge of these processes is still limited.

Deciphering the mechanisms by which microbes cause disease in a susceptible host is crucial for the identification of new potential drug targets in pathogens and the development of novel prophylactic and/or therapeutic measures against infections.

On the other hand, a comprehensive elucidation of the innate and adaptive immune responses to microbial infections may lead to the development of host-directed immunotherapies, aimed at enhancing the host immunity or modulating excessive hyperinflammatory responses to pathogens, with the additional benefit of preventing or limiting the development of antimicrobial resistance.

This Special Issue aims to promote knowledge in the field of microbe–host interactions, paying particular attention to the mechanisms of microbial pathogenicity, identification of new drug targets in pathogens, and immune response characterization in human infections.

Dr. Roberta Gaziano
Dr. Terenzio Cosio
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • microbe–host interactions
  • microbial pathogenesis
  • virulence factors
  • microbial drug targets
  • host immune response
  • immunotherapies

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2682 KiB  
Article
Bacillus coagulans LMG S-24828 Impairs Candida Virulence and Protects Vaginal Epithelial Cells against Candida Infection In Vitro
by Luca Spaggiari, Andrea Ardizzoni, Natalia Pedretti, Ramona Iseppi, Carla Sabia, Rosario Russo, Samyr Kenno, Francesco De Seta and Eva Pericolini
Microorganisms 2024, 12(8), 1634; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081634 - 10 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Probiotics are living microbes that provide benefits to the host. The growing data on health promotion, following probiotics administration, increased interest among researchers and pharmaceutical companies. Infections of the lower genital tract in females, caused by a wide range of pathogens, represent one [...] Read more.
Probiotics are living microbes that provide benefits to the host. The growing data on health promotion, following probiotics administration, increased interest among researchers and pharmaceutical companies. Infections of the lower genital tract in females, caused by a wide range of pathogens, represent one of the main areas for the use of probiotics and postbiotics. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) affects 75% of women of reproductive age at least once during their lifetime, with 5–8% developing the recurrent form (RVVC). The disease is triggered by the overgrowth of Candida on the vaginal mucosa. Here, in order to establish its probiotic potential in the context of VVC, we evaluated the anti-fungal effects of the spore-producing Bacillus coagulans LMG S-24828 against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis as well as its beneficial effects in counteracting Candida vaginal infection in vitro. Our results show that both live B. coagulans and its Cell-Free Supernatant (CFS) exerted antifungal activity against both fungi. Moreover, live B. coagulans reduced hyphal formation, inhibited C. albicans adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells, showed co-aggregation capacity, and exerted a protective effect on vaginal epithelial cells infected with C. albicans. These data suggest that B. coagulans LMG S-24828 may provide benefits in the context of Candida vaginal infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbe–Host Interactions in Human Infections)
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Review

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24 pages, 5747 KiB  
Review
How Does Airway Surface Liquid Composition Vary in Different Pulmonary Diseases, and How Can We Use This Knowledge to Model Microbial Infections?
by Dean Walsh, Jennifer Bevan and Freya Harrison
Microorganisms 2024, 12(4), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040732 - 3 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1793
Abstract
Growth environment greatly alters many facets of pathogen physiology, including pathogenesis and antimicrobial tolerance. The importance of host-mimicking environments for attaining an accurate picture of pathogen behaviour is widely recognised. Whilst this recognition has translated into the extensive development of artificial cystic fibrosis [...] Read more.
Growth environment greatly alters many facets of pathogen physiology, including pathogenesis and antimicrobial tolerance. The importance of host-mimicking environments for attaining an accurate picture of pathogen behaviour is widely recognised. Whilst this recognition has translated into the extensive development of artificial cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum medium, attempts to mimic the growth environment in other respiratory disease states have been completely neglected. The composition of the airway surface liquid (ASL) in different pulmonary diseases is far less well characterised than CF sputum, making it very difficult for researchers to model these infection environments. In this review, we discuss the components of human ASL, how different lung pathologies affect ASL composition, and how different pathogens interact with these components. This will provide researchers interested in mimicking different respiratory environments with the information necessary to design a host-mimicking medium, allowing for better understanding of how to treat pathogens causing infection in these environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbe–Host Interactions in Human Infections)
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