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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Fish Vaccination
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Fish Vaccination

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2019) | Viewed by 27098

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Kenneth Cain

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences and the Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA
Interests: aquaculture vaccine development; fish health/diseases; fish immunology/pathology; molecular diagnostics; proteomics; aquaculture development (new species)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fish vaccination has been an essential disease management tool that has contributed significantly to global aquaculture production over the past fifty years. However, the need for new and improved vaccines to combat disease threats is critical, and although commercial vaccines are available in many countries, several challenges exist when attempting to develop new vaccines that are both efficacious and practical in their delivery and application for certain fish species. This Special Issue aims to provide an overview and update on advances in fish vaccines and vaccination strategies for viral, bacterial, and parasitic diseases. Such research has primarily targeted economically important pathogens and consisted of whole killed cell or attenuated vaccines, DNA vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, and a few other novel preparations or approaches. The use of various adjuvants to enhance immunity following vaccination has been explored and will be reviewed. Furthermore, this issue will highlight fish vaccine delivery strategies due to the significant need to immunize fish using practical and economically viable methods such as immersion or oral delivery. Advances in the development of fish vaccines, improved delivery strategies, and the general knowledge of fish immunology will be highlighted.

Prof. Kenneth Cain
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Fish vaccination
  • Fish vaccines
  • Adjuvants
  • DNA vaccines
  • Recombinant vaccines
  • Attenuated vaccines
  • Immersion delivery
  • Oral delivery
  • Fish immunology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

28 pages, 419 KiB  
Review
Review on Immersion Vaccines for Fish: An Update 2019
by Jarl Bøgwald and Roy A. Dalmo
Microorganisms 2019, 7(12), 627; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120627 - 29 Nov 2019
Cited by 85 | Viewed by 7508
Abstract
Immersion vaccines are used for a variety of aquacultured fish to protect against infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. During immersion vaccination the antigens are taken up by the skin, gills or gut and processed by the immune system, where the resulting [...] Read more.
Immersion vaccines are used for a variety of aquacultured fish to protect against infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. During immersion vaccination the antigens are taken up by the skin, gills or gut and processed by the immune system, where the resulting response may lead to protection. The lack of classical secondary responses following repeated immersion vaccination may partly be explained by the limited uptake of antigens by immersion compared to injection. Administration of vaccines depends on the size of the fish. In most cases, immersion vaccination is inferior to injection vaccination with regard to achieved protection. However, injection is problematic in small fish, and fry as small as 0.5 gram may be immersion vaccinated when they are considered adaptively immunocompetent. Inactivated vaccines are, in many cases, weakly immunogenic, resulting in low protection after immersion vaccination. Therefore, during recent years, several studies have focused on different ways to augment the efficacy of these vaccines. Examples are booster vaccination, administration of immunostimulants/adjuvants, pretreatment with low frequency ultrasound, use of live attenuated and DNA vaccines, preincubation in hyperosmotic solutions, percutaneous application of a multiple puncture instrument and application of more suitable inactivation chemicals. Electrostatic coating with positively charged chitosan to obtain mucoadhesive vaccines and a more efficient delivery of inactivated vaccines has also been successful. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Vaccination)
18 pages, 647 KiB  
Review
A Review of Fish Vaccine Development Strategies: Conventional Methods and Modern Biotechnological Approaches
by Jie Ma, Timothy J. Bruce, Evan M. Jones and Kenneth D. Cain
Microorganisms 2019, 7(11), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7110569 - 16 Nov 2019
Cited by 241 | Viewed by 18426
Abstract
Fish immunization has been carried out for over 50 years and is generally accepted as an effective method for preventing a wide range of bacterial and viral diseases. Vaccination efforts contribute to environmental, social, and economic sustainability in global aquaculture. Most licensed fish [...] Read more.
Fish immunization has been carried out for over 50 years and is generally accepted as an effective method for preventing a wide range of bacterial and viral diseases. Vaccination efforts contribute to environmental, social, and economic sustainability in global aquaculture. Most licensed fish vaccines have traditionally been inactivated microorganisms that were formulated with adjuvants and delivered through immersion or injection routes. Live vaccines are more efficacious, as they mimic natural pathogen infection and generate a strong antibody response, thus having a greater potential to be administered via oral or immersion routes. Modern vaccine technology has targeted specific pathogen components, and vaccines developed using such approaches may include subunit, or recombinant, DNA/RNA particle vaccines. These advanced technologies have been developed globally and appear to induce greater levels of immunity than traditional fish vaccines. Advanced technologies have shown great promise for the future of aquaculture vaccines and will provide health benefits and enhanced economic potential for producers. This review describes the use of conventional aquaculture vaccines and provides an overview of current molecular approaches and strategies that are promising for new aquaculture vaccine development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fish Vaccination)
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