Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 2604

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratory for Pathogenesis of Clinical Drug Resistance and Persistence, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
Interests: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacteria; antibiotic resistance; persistence; virulence; diagnostics; vaccines; systems modeling; SARS-CoV-2 coinfection

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues

Even as the COVID-19 pandemic rages on, tuberculosis (TB) remains the deadliest human infection, claiming over 1.5 million lives annually, and one billion lives in the last 200 years—more than malaria, influenza, smallpox, HIV/AIDS, cholera, and plague combined. One of the main challenges in global TB control is the emergence of drug-resistant TB (DRTB). While the incidence of TB is declining, the incidence of DRTB is rising, with a prevalence well above 50% in some regions. This Special Issue focuses on genomic and epigenetic mechanisms, emergence, transmission, and virulence of DRTB. Of special interest is resistance to new and repurposed drugs for the treatment of MDR-TB (e.g., bedaquiline, delamanid, clofazimine, and linezolid), or regimens and drug candidates in clinical trials. Research that clarifies the role of persistence and tolerance in the emergence of DRTB, or modeling (e.g., metabolic, regulatory) that enlightens the processes and conditions that lead to the emergence of persistence and DRTB is also welcome. Finally, considering the current pandemic, research furthering our understanding of how COVID-19 infection affects the pathology and pathogenesis of DRTB, the preferred treatment course for TB, and the activation of TB is welcome.  

For this Special Issue, I invite review or original research articles related to the topics above.      

Prof. Dr. Faramarz Valafar
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • tuberculosis
  • resistance
  • persistence
  • evolution
  • genomic
  • epigenetic

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

9 pages, 1126 KiB  
Article
Moxifloxacin Activates the SOS Response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Dose- and Time-Dependent Manner
by Angelo Iacobino, Giovanni Piccaro, Manuela Pardini, Lanfranco Fattorini and Federico Giannoni
Microorganisms 2021, 9(2), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9020255 - 27 Jan 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2348
Abstract
Previous studies on Escherichia coli demonstrated that sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluoroquinolones induced the SOS response, increasing drug tolerance. We characterized the transcriptional response to moxifloxacin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Reference strain H37Rv was treated with moxifloxacin and gene expression studied by [...] Read more.
Previous studies on Escherichia coli demonstrated that sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of fluoroquinolones induced the SOS response, increasing drug tolerance. We characterized the transcriptional response to moxifloxacin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Reference strain H37Rv was treated with moxifloxacin and gene expression studied by qRT-PCR. Five SOS regulon genes, recA, lexA, dnaE2, Rv3074 and Rv3776, were induced in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A range of moxifloxacin concentrations induced recA, with a peak observed at 2 × MIC (0.25 μg/mL) after 16 h. Another seven SOS responses and three DNA repair genes were significantly induced by moxifloxacin. Induction of recA by moxifloxacin was higher in log-phase than in early- and stationary-phase cells, and absent in dormant bacilli. Furthermore, in an H37Rv fluoroquinolone-resistant mutant carrying the D94G mutation in the gyrA gene, the SOS response was induced at drug concentrations higher than the mutant MIC value. The 2 × MIC of moxifloxacin determined no significant changes in gene expression in a panel of 32 genes, except for up-regulation of the relK toxin and of Rv3290c and Rv2517c, two persistence-related genes. Overall, our data show that activation of the SOS response by moxifloxacin, a likely link to increased mutation rate and persister formation, is time, dose, physiological state and, possibly, MIC dependent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis)
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