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Synthesis and Application of Photoactive Compounds

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Photochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2025) | Viewed by 7600

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: synthesis, isolation and purification of organic compounds; Identification of organic compounds via spectroscopic methods; synthesis and evaluation of the photochemical and photophysical properties of dyes and their application as fluorescent probes and/or photosensitizers for photopolymerization processes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Although light, depending on the wavelength of radiation, may adversely affect the life of living organisms, leading to various diseases and undesirable processes, it is successfully used in many modern applications. Technologies using radiation from the ultraviolet to infrared region require the use of active molecules capable of absorbing the light and then initiating photochemical or photophysical processes. Such compounds are called photoactivators. Photosensitized chemical processes have seen growing interest recently and have become among the most active areas of chemical research, notably due to their applications in fields such as medicine, chemical synthesis, material science or environmental chemistry. Due to the wide range of use of photoactive compounds, it is very important to design and develop syntheses of new compounds absorbing UV-VIS or IR radiation, and then to investigate the application of new photoactivators in various fields of science, from medicine, as efficient compounds in the generation of singlet oxygen, which displayed high photoinduced antibacterial activity in photodynamic therapy (PDT), antibacterial coatings, and to filtration membranes and air conditioners to prevent the spread of bacterial infections, through to photovoltaic systems for solar energy conversion in dyeing sensitized solar cells (DSSC), organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), optical oxygen sensors, 3D and 4D printing, photolithography, protective coatings, dental resins, and pressure-sensitive adhesives, as well as reusable self-sterilizing membranes for air, wound and water treatment, the chemical production of photovoltaic paints, in molecular imaging and cell biology, and many other applications. Many photoactive principles are natural compounds, as well as synthetic ones. Photoactive compounds may be important elements to protect life as we know it today and make life worth living for future generations.

In this Special Issue, the new developments of high-performance photosensitive systems that can be activated from UV to near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths and their design, synthesis, properties and applications are presented.

Prof. Dr. Janina Kabatc-Borcz
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • photosensitizer
  • initiator
  • photosensitive materials
  • synthesis
  • properties
  • application

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4146 KiB  
Article
Acridone Derivatives for Near-UV Radical Polymerization: One-Component Type II vs. Multicomponent Behaviors
by Adel Noon, Francesco Calogero, Andrea Gualandi, Hiba Hammoud, Tayssir Hamieh, Joumana Toufaily, Fabrice Morlet-Savary, Michael Schmitt, Pier Giorgio Cozzi and Jacques Lalevée
Molecules 2024, 29(19), 4715; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194715 - 5 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1309
Abstract
In this work, two novel acridone-based photoinitiators were designed and synthesized for the free radical polymerization of acrylates with a light-emitting diode emitting at 405 nm. These acridone derivatives were employed as mono-component Type II photoinitiators and as multicomponent photoinitiating systems in the [...] Read more.
In this work, two novel acridone-based photoinitiators were designed and synthesized for the free radical polymerization of acrylates with a light-emitting diode emitting at 405 nm. These acridone derivatives were employed as mono-component Type II photoinitiators and as multicomponent photoinitiating systems in the presence of an iodonium salt or an amine synergist (EDB) in which they achieved excellent polymerization initiating abilities and high final conversions of the acrylate group. Photoinitiation mechanisms through which reactive species are produced were investigated employing different complementary techniques including steady-state photolysis, steady-state fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, UV–visible absorption spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Finally, these molecules were also used in the direct laser writing process for the fabrication of 3D objects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Photoactive Compounds)
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27 pages, 5677 KiB  
Article
Developing Photoactive Coumarin-Caged N-Hydroxysulfonamides for Generation of Nitroxyl (HNO)
by Mohammad S. Rahman, Vinay Bharadwaj, Anau K. H. S. Lautaha, Paul Sampson, Nicola E. Brasch and Alexander J. Seed
Molecules 2024, 29(16), 3918; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163918 - 19 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1421
Abstract
Photoactive N-hydroxysulfonamides photocaged with the (6-bromo-7-hydroxycoumarin-4-yl)methyl chromophore have been successfully synthesized, and the mechanisms of photodecomposition investigated for two of the compounds. Upon irradiation up to 97% of a diagnostic marker for (H)NO release, sulfinate was observed for the trifluoromethanesulfonamide system. In [...] Read more.
Photoactive N-hydroxysulfonamides photocaged with the (6-bromo-7-hydroxycoumarin-4-yl)methyl chromophore have been successfully synthesized, and the mechanisms of photodecomposition investigated for two of the compounds. Upon irradiation up to 97% of a diagnostic marker for (H)NO release, sulfinate was observed for the trifluoromethanesulfonamide system. In the absence of a species that reacts rapidly with (H)NO, (H)NO instead reacts with the carbocation intermediate to ultimately generate (E)-BHC-oxime and (Z)-BHC-oxime. Alternatively, the carbocation intermediate reacts with solvent water to give a diol. Deprotonation of the N(H) proton is required for HNO generation via concerted C-O/N-S bond cleavage, whereas the protonation state of the O(H) does not affect the observed photoproducts. If the N(H) is protonated, C-O bond cleavage to generate the parent N-hydroxysulfonamide will occur, and/or O-N bond cleavage to generate a sulfonamide. The undesired competing O-N bond cleavage pathway increases when the volume percentage of water in acetonitrile/water solvent mixtures is increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Photoactive Compounds)
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Review

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21 pages, 8426 KiB  
Review
Photoinitiators for Medical Applications—The Latest Advances
by Monika Dzwonkowska-Zarzycka and Alina Sionkowska
Molecules 2024, 29(16), 3898; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163898 - 17 Aug 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1931
Abstract
Photopolymerization is becoming increasingly popular in industry due to its copious advantages. The vital factor in the entire pre-polymerization formulation is the presence of photoinitiators. Depending on the application, photoinitiators have different features. Hence, scientists are particularly interested in developing new photoinitiators that [...] Read more.
Photopolymerization is becoming increasingly popular in industry due to its copious advantages. The vital factor in the entire pre-polymerization formulation is the presence of photoinitiators. Depending on the application, photoinitiators have different features. Hence, scientists are particularly interested in developing new photoinitiators that can expand the scope of applications and be used to create products with the features demanded by current trends. This brief review summarizes the photoinitiators used in dental materials and hydrogels and those obtained from natural and synthetic sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Photoactive Compounds)
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34 pages, 6156 KiB  
Review
Application of Photoactive Compounds in Cancer Theranostics: Review on Recent Trends from Photoactive Chemistry to Artificial Intelligence
by Patryk Szymaszek, Małgorzata Tyszka-Czochara and Joanna Ortyl
Molecules 2024, 29(13), 3164; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29133164 - 3 Jul 2024
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2348
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the number of cancer cases and deaths worldwide is predicted to nearly double by 2030, reaching 21.7 million cases and 13 million fatalities. The increase in cancer [...] Read more.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the number of cancer cases and deaths worldwide is predicted to nearly double by 2030, reaching 21.7 million cases and 13 million fatalities. The increase in cancer mortality is due to limitations in the diagnosis and treatment options that are currently available. The close relationship between diagnostics and medicine has made it possible for cancer patients to receive precise diagnoses and individualized care. This article discusses newly developed compounds with potential for photodynamic therapy and diagnostic applications, as well as those already in use. In addition, it discusses the use of artificial intelligence in the analysis of diagnostic images obtained using, among other things, theranostic agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Application of Photoactive Compounds)
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