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Molecules
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Application of Supercritical Fluids Technology in Various Topics
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Application of Supercritical Fluids Technology in Various Topics

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 11383

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Gholamhossein Sodeifian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Laboratory of Supercritical Fluids and Nanotechnology, Modeling and Simulation Center, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-53153, Iran
Interests: supercritical fluid technology; polymers; solubility; drug delivery system; extraction; particle formation; nanotechnology; reaction; modeling; optimization
Dr. Fariba Razmimanesh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Laboratory of Supercritical Fluids and Nanotechnology, Modeling and Simulation Center, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-53153, Iran
Interests: supercritical fluid technology; polymers; solubility; drug delivery system; particle formation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research and applications of supercritical fluids (SCFs) technology are growing and developing in various fields. These include essential and seed oil extraction, fluid phase equilibria, thermodynamics (equation of state, i.e., PR, SRK, PC-SAFT, COSMO-SAC, COSMO-VAC, etc, empirical and semi-empirical and intelligence approaches), drug delivery systems, particle formation (e.g., RESS (Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions), RESSAS (Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions in an Aqueous Solution), RESS-N (Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions with a Non-solvent), RESS-SC (Rapid Expansion of a Supercritical Solution with Solid Co-solvent), RESOLV (Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions into a Liquid Solvent), SAS (Supercritical Anti-solvent), SEDS (Solution Enhanced Dispersion by Supercritical), SFEE (Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Emulsions), PGSS (Particle from Gas Saturated Solution), US-RESOLV (ultrasonic-assisted RESOLV, developed by Prof. Sodeifian, for the first time)), solubility of a solid solute of drugs and dyes, synthesis of polymers such as cyclic type in supercritical media especially supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), impregnation, sterilization, cleaning, purification of polluted soils, aerogel, biomass, biodiesel, modeling (FEM, finite element method), molecular dynamic simulation (MDS), heat and mass transfer, power generation systems, adsorption equilibria, liposome encapsulation and others.

This Special Issue aims to cover the application of supercritical fluids (SCFs) technology in different fields and all authors are welcome. 

Prof. Dr. Gholamhossein Sodeifian
Dr. Fariba Razmimanesh
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • supercritical extraction
  • solubility & thermodynamics
  • particle formation
  • drug delivery
  • reaction
  • polymers
  • biomass & biomedical
  • modeling

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 9279 KiB  
Article
The Application of Box–Behnken Design for Investigating the Supercritical CO2 Foaming Process: A Case Study of Thermoplastic Polyurethane 85A
by Salal Hasan Khudaida, Shih-Kuo Yen and Chie-Shaan Su
Molecules 2024, 29(2), 363; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29020363 - 11 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 893
Abstract
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a versatile polymer with unique characteristics such as flexibility, rigidity, elasticity, and adjustable properties by controlling its soft and hard segments. To properly design and understand the TPU foaming process through supercritical CO2, a design of experiments [...] Read more.
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is a versatile polymer with unique characteristics such as flexibility, rigidity, elasticity, and adjustable properties by controlling its soft and hard segments. To properly design and understand the TPU foaming process through supercritical CO2, a design of experiments approach, the Box–Behnken design (BBD) was adopted using commercial TPU 85A as the model compound. The effect of saturation pressure, saturation temperature, and immersion time on the mean pore size and expansion ratio were investigated. The design space for the production of TPU foam was shown, and the significance of process parameters was confirmed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). In addition, extrapolation foaming experiments were designed and validated the feasibility of the response surface model developed via BBD. It was found that the pore size of TPU 85A foam could be controlled within 13 to 60 μm, and a stable expansion ratio could be designed up to six. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Supercritical Fluids Technology in Various Topics)
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Review

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17 pages, 1700 KiB  
Review
Valorization of Peanut Skin as Agricultural Waste Using Various Extraction Methods: A Review
by Nicky Rahmana Putra, Dwila Nur Rizkiyah, Mohd Azizi Che Yunus, Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz, Ahmad Shah Hizam Md Yasir, Irianto Irianto, Jumakir Jumakir, Waluyo Waluyo, Suparwoto Suparwoto and Lailatul Qomariyah
Molecules 2023, 28(11), 4325; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114325 - 25 May 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2617
Abstract
Peanuts (Arachis hypogea) can be made into various products, from oil to butter to roasted snack peanuts and candies, all from the kernels. However, the skin is usually thrown away, used as cheap animal feed, or as one of the ingredients [...] Read more.
Peanuts (Arachis hypogea) can be made into various products, from oil to butter to roasted snack peanuts and candies, all from the kernels. However, the skin is usually thrown away, used as cheap animal feed, or as one of the ingredients in plant fertilizer due to its little value on the market. For the past ten years, studies have been conducted to determine the full extent of the skin’s bioactive substance repertoire and its powerful antioxidant potential. Alternatively, researchers reported that peanut skin could be used and be profitable in a less-intensive extraction technique. Therefore, this review explores the conventional and green extraction of peanut oil, peanut production, peanut physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and the prospects of valorization of peanut skin. The significance of the valorization of peanut skin is that it contains high antioxidant capacity, catechin, epicatechin resveratrol, and procyanidins, which are also advantageous. It could be exploited in sustainable extraction, notably in the pharmaceutical industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Supercritical Fluids Technology in Various Topics)
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18 pages, 2127 KiB  
Review
Orange Pomace and Peel Extraction Processes towards Sustainable Utilization: A Short Review
by Qingxiao Li, Nicky Rahmana Putra, Dwila Nur Rizkiyah, Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz, Irianto Irianto and Lailatul Qomariyah
Molecules 2023, 28(8), 3550; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083550 - 18 Apr 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4339
Abstract
More than 58 million metric tonnes of oranges were produced in 2021, and the peels, which account for around one-fifth of the fruit weight, are often discarded as waste in the orange juice industry. Orange pomace and peels as wastes are used as [...] Read more.
More than 58 million metric tonnes of oranges were produced in 2021, and the peels, which account for around one-fifth of the fruit weight, are often discarded as waste in the orange juice industry. Orange pomace and peels as wastes are used as a sustainable raw material to make valuable products for nutraceuticals. The orange peels and pomace contain pectin, phenolics, and limonene, which have been linked to various health benefits. Various green extraction methods, including supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction, subcritical water extraction (SWE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), are applied to valorize the orange peels and pomace. Therefore, this short review will give insight into the valorization of orange peels/pomace extraction using different extraction methods for health and wellness. This review extracts information from articles written in English and published from 2004 to 2022. The review also discusses orange production, bioactive compounds in orange peels/pomaces, green extractions, and potential uses in the food industry. Based on this review, the valorization of orange peels and pomaces can be carried out using green extraction methods with high quantities and qualities of extracts. Therefore, the extract can be used for health and wellness products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Supercritical Fluids Technology in Various Topics)
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15 pages, 919 KiB  
Review
Insight into Green Extraction for Roselle as a Source of Natural Red Pigments: A Review
by Dwila Nur Rizkiyah, Nicky Rahmana Putra, Mohd Azizi Che Yunus, Ibham Veza, Irianto Irianto, Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz, Sri Rahayuningsih, Erny Yuniarti and Ikhwani Ikhwani
Molecules 2023, 28(3), 1336; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031336 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2537
Abstract
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a source of anthocyanins as red pigments that is extensively farmed in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Thailand, Egypt, Mexico, and West India. The roselle plant contains a variety of nutrients, including anthocyanins, organic [...] Read more.
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a source of anthocyanins as red pigments that is extensively farmed in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Thailand, Egypt, Mexico, and West India. The roselle plant contains a variety of nutrients, including anthocyanins, organic acids, pectin, etc. Due to the toxicity and combustibility of the solvents, traditional extraction methods for these compounds are restricted. Obtaining pure extracts is typically a lengthy procedure requiring many processes. Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction as a green technology is rapidly improving and extending its application domains. The advantages of this method are zero waste production, quicker extraction times, and reduced solvent consumption. The ScCO2 extraction of natural pigments has great promise in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and textiles, among other uses. The ScCO2 technique for natural pigments may also be advantageous in a variety of other contexts. Due to their minimal environmental risk, the high-quality red pigments of roselle rich in anthocyanins extracted using ScCO2 extraction have a high sustainability potential. Therefore, the objective of this review is to increase knowledge related to the natural colorant of roselle as a substitute for chemically manufactured colorants using ScCO2 as a green method. This article covers ScCO2 extraction, particularly as it relates to the optimization of pigments that promote health. This article focuses on the high extraction efficiency of ScCO2 extraction. Natural colorants extracted via ScCO2 are regarded as safe compounds, especially for human consumption, such as novel functional food additives and textile and pharmaceutical colors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Supercritical Fluids Technology in Various Topics)
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