Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases

A section of Neurology International (ISSN 2035-8377).

Section Information

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the slow and irreversible loss of selectively vulnerable neuronal populations. The formation of abnormal protein aggregates is a key pathological feature in many of these diseases. The hallmark intracellular proteins undergoing pathological change and aggregation are tau (in Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, and frontotemporal dementia tau-subtype), alpha-synuclein (in Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy), and TDP-43 and FUS (in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia subtypes), whereas beta-amyloid (in Alzheimer's disease) and prion protein (in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease and other prion diseases) accumulate in the extracellular space. Clinically, they present with a movement disorder that causes abnormal or involuntary movements, and/or with neurocognitive impairment leading to dementia. Movement disorders, like Parkinson’s disease, in addition to motor symptoms, often present with cognitive and psychiatric impairments leading to Parkinson’s disease dementia, whereas dementias like Alzheimer's disease, although not a typical movement disorder, can also lead to motor dysfunction in its later stages. Neurodegenerative disease may be familial with disease-causing mutations, or apparently sporadic often with predisposing genetic alterations. Huntington’s disease, Friedreich’s ataxia, fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome, and certain spinocerebellar ataxias are autosomal dominant triplet expansion diseases. Movement disorders may have non-neurodegenerative causes like genetic, endocrine, metabolic, toxic, and infectious. Overall, the etiology of these diseases is complex and has a significant impact on the quality of life of patients, posing a substantial burden on healthcare systems and society. The Section on “Movement Disorders and Neurodegenerative Diseases” will explore research in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, treatment, and clinical management of these conditions.

Keywords

  • Aging
  • Alzheimer's disease
  • Amyloid plaques
  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • Ataxia
  • Dementia
  • Dystonia
  • Huntington's disease
  • Motor neuron diseases
  • Movement disorders
  • Neurodegeneration
  • Neurodegenerative diseases
  • Parkinson's disease
  • Prion diseases
  • Progressive supranuclear palsy
  • Synucleinopathies
  • Tauopathies
  • TDP-43
  • Tremor

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