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Effects of Caffeine on Sleep and Mental Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2025 | Viewed by 2600

Special Issue Editors

School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
Interests: supplementation for health; wellness and performance; exercise performance; paediatric exercise science; workplace wellbeing

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Guest Editor
Sleep/Wake Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington 602, New Zealand
Interests: sleep health; circadian health; health outcomes; shift work; workplace fatigue; lifestyle; nutrition; dietary patterns

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A growing body of research strongly indicates that insufficient sleep can have detrimental effects on health, functioning and wellbeing at individual, social and societal levels. Several factors affect sleep health, including caffeine consumption.  Although caffeine can have some beneficial effects on aspects of performance (including exercise, work and cognitive function), laboratory studies suggest that caffeine consumption has clear and consistent adverse impacts on sleep, including reduced slow-wave sleep and increased sleep onset latency and arousal. However, epidemiological studies examining associations between caffeine consumption and sleep characteristics, such as duration or quality, have yielded inconsistent findings.  The effects of caffeine consumption on sleep are likely varied due to changes in dose, timing and tolerance, as well as genetic differences in metabolism.

Alongside factors that affect sleep are individual characteristics and experiences that influence sleep health. For example, sleep is known to have a bidirectional relationship with mental health. Good sleep promotes positive mental health outcomes, while poor or insufficient sleep increases the risk of poor mental health outcomes and poor emotional regulation, increasing negative affects. In the context of caffeine, consumption has been examined as both a protective and risk factor for mental health outcomes. A lower caffeine consumption is associated with an increased risk for depression, but a higher caffeine consumption is associated with higher levels of anxiety, although this may vary in those who are caffeine-naïve vs. habituated.

This Special Issue of Nutrients will explore the effects of caffeine consumption on sleep health and mental health. Our goal is to provide an evidence base for professionals who advise on diet and other aspects of lifestyles, as well as inform future research in this area. We welcome the submission of original articles or reviews investigating associations between caffeine and sleep health and mental health throughout the lifespan within challenging environments and special populations. The focus of the articles could include, but is not limited to, caffeine consumption in children and adolescents, in women who are taking oral contraceptives or experiencing perimenopause or menopause, for enhancing performance for sport and work, in military personnel and in shift work settings.  We are particularly interested in the intersection between caffeine consumption and both sleep and mental health outcomes.

Dr. Ajmol Ali
Dr. Karyn O'Keeffe
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • lifespan
  • development
  • performance
  • sports
  • exercise
  • cognition
  • depression
  • anxiety
  • mood
  • sleep duration
  • sleep quality
  • sleep timing
  • mental health
  • circadian rhythm
  • shift work

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 1727 KiB  
Article
Caffeine Intake Alters Recovery Sleep after Sleep Deprivation
by Benoit Pauchon, Vincent Beauchamps, Danielle Gomez-Mérino, Mégane Erblang, Catherine Drogou, Pascal Van Beers, Mathias Guillard, Michaël Quiquempoix, Damien Léger, Mounir Chennaoui and Fabien Sauvet
Nutrients 2024, 16(20), 3442; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203442 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 2105
Abstract
Background: Caffeine is a well-known psychostimulant reputed to alleviate the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation. Nevertheless, caffeine can alter sleep duration and quality, particularly during recovery sleep. We evaluated the effects of acute caffeine intake on the duration and quality of recovery sleep [...] Read more.
Background: Caffeine is a well-known psychostimulant reputed to alleviate the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation. Nevertheless, caffeine can alter sleep duration and quality, particularly during recovery sleep. We evaluated the effects of acute caffeine intake on the duration and quality of recovery sleep following total sleep deprivation (TSD), taking into account daily caffeine consumption. Methods: Forty-one participants performed a double-blind, crossover TSD protocol (38 h of continuous wakefulness) with acute caffeine or placebo. Caffeine (2.5 mg/kg) or placebo was administered twice during continuous wakefulness (last treatment 6.5 h before bedtime for the recovery night). Polysomnographic measurements were recorded using a connected headband. Results: TSD was associated with a rebound in total sleep time (TST) on the recovery night (+110.2 ± 23.2 min, p < 0.001). Caffeine intake decreased this recovery TST (−30.2 ± 8.2 min p = 0.02) and the N3 sleep stage duration (−35.6 ± 23.2 min, p < 0.01). Caffeine intake altered recovery sleep continuity (increased number of long awakenings), stability (higher stage transition frequency), and organization (less time spent in complete sleep cycle) and decreased the delta power spectral density during NREM sleep. On the recovery night, habitual daily caffeine consumption was negatively correlated with TST in caffeine and placebo conditions and positively correlated with wake after sleep onset (WASO) duration and with the frequency of long (>2 min) awakenings in the caffeine condition only. Conclusions: Acute caffeine intake during TSD affects nighttime recovery sleep, with an interaction with daily consumption. These results may influence advice on caffeine intake for night-shift workers. (NCT03859882). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Caffeine on Sleep and Mental Health)
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