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Nutrients
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Population Sodium Intake: Impacts on Cardiovascular Health
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Population Sodium Intake: Impacts on Cardiovascular Health

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 1259

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zrinka Mihaljević

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
Interests: physiology; vascular health; micro- and macro- circulation; endothelium; salt intake; polyunsaturated fatty acid; oxidative stress
Dr. Ana Stupin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute and Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, University Josip Juraj Strossmayer Osijek, J. Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
Interests: microcirculation; body composition; endothelial function; vascular physiology; nutrition; cardiovascular physiology; arteries; endothelium; salt intake

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For nearly half a century, there has been controversy over the contribution of sodium consumption as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Numerous national and international organizations and governments have discouraged high sodium consumption in various populations. As many researchers have used models based on blood pressure reductions to predict the number of deaths that could be saved in the general population by reducing sodium consumption, the evidence for blood pressure as a surrogate endpoint for cardiovascular disease and stroke risk is widely recognized and accepted. However, sodium can exert its functions not only through blood pressure, but also other processes. Therefore, any strategy to reduce sodium consumption should include studies that demonstrate a link between sodium consumption and direct health effects.

This Special Issue includes manuscripts that address sodium intake in different populations and the potential of reducing sodium intake as a dietary treatment to prevent various diseases. The materials presented are the result of an international scientific collaboration of experts specializing in these topics. The content may be useful for clinical practitioners and stimulate further innovative research.

Dr. Zrinka Mihaljević
Dr. Ana Stupin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sodium intake
  • nutrition
  • sodium/potassium ratio
  • cardiovascular health
  • blood pressure

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 1896 KiB  
Article
Association between Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours and 24 h Urinary Salt Excretion in Nepal
by Kamal Ghimire, Shiva Raj Mishra, Dinesh Neupane, Per Kallestrup and Craig S. McLachlan
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1928; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121928 - 18 Jun 2024
Viewed by 902
Abstract
This study examined the association between salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) and salt excretion using the 24-hour (24 h) urinary collection method. Data were utilized from the Community-Based Management of Non-Communicable Diseases in Nepal (COBIN) Salt Survey, a community-based cross-sectional study conducted [...] Read more.
This study examined the association between salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB) and salt excretion using the 24-hour (24 h) urinary collection method. Data were utilized from the Community-Based Management of Non-Communicable Diseases in Nepal (COBIN) Salt Survey, a community-based cross-sectional study conducted among a sub-sample of COBIN cohort in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Western Nepal, from July to December 2018, among adults aged 25–70 years. A total of 451 adults participated in the study, and a single 24 h urine sample was collected from each participant. The mean [(standard deviation (SD)] age of the participants was 49.6 (9.82) years, and the majority were female (65%). The mean urinary salt excretion was 13.28 (SD: 4.72) g/day, with 98% of participants consuming ≥5 g of salt/day. Although 83% of participants knew the risks of high salt intake and 87% believed it was important to reduce their intake, only 10% reported doing so. Salt-related attitude i.e., self-perceived salt intake was significantly associated with urinary salt excretion, adding extra salt to food, consuming processed foods, and taking actions to salt control. Participants who perceived themselves as consuming high salt had higher urinary salt excretion [(14.42 g/day; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 13.45, 15.39, p = 0.03)], were more likely to add extra [(Odds ratio (OR) = 3.59; 95% CI: 2.03, 6.33, p < 0.001)], and consume processed foods more often (OR = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.06, 3.40, p < 0.05) compared to those who self-perceived consuming a normal amount of salt. Conversely, participants who perceived themselves as consuming low salt were more likely to take actions to control salt intake (OR = 4.22; 95% CI: 1.90, 9.37, p < 0.001) compared to their counterparts who perceived consuming a normal amount of salt. There existed a gap between salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and actual behaviors, resulting in a high salt intake among the Nepalese population. Nepal urgently requires tailored national salt reduction programs that comprise both policy and community-level interventions to achieve a 30% reduction in mean population salt intake by 2025. Further validation studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of community-based intervention in Nepal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Population Sodium Intake: Impacts on Cardiovascular Health)
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