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Eating Behavior, Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes: Insights from Research...
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Eating Behavior, Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes: Insights from Research and Practice

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition Methodology & Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 June 2024) | Viewed by 11244

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Qian Lin

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Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China
Interests: nutrition and chronic diseases; maternal and child nutrition; eating behaviors and health
Prof. Dr. Xiaoqin Luo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
Interests: nutrition and chronic metabolic disease; maternal and child nutrition; cancer nutrition
Prof. Dr. Jia Guo

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Guest Editor
Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China
Interests: diet-related behavior for diabetes prevention
Prof. Dr. Irene X. Y. Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Rd, Changsha 410078, China
Interests: geriatric medicine; epidemiology of chronic noncommunicable diseases; evidence based medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue “Eating Behavior, Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes: Insights from Research and Practice” aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence concerning the associations between eating behaviors, dietary patterns, and health outcomes across different life stages. We welcome submissions that address a wide range of topics related to this theme, including but not limited to:

  • The definition, measurement, and characterization of eating behaviors and dietary patterns in various populations and settings.
  • The effects of eating behaviors, dietary patterns and nutrient intake on growth, development, cognition, and behavior in children and adolescents.
  • Dietary patterns and metabolic health outcomes, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
  • The interactions between eating behaviors, dietary patterns, genetics, epigenetics, microbiome, and other factors in modulating health outcomes.
  • The biological, psychological, social, and environmental determinants and correlates of eating behaviors and dietary patterns.
  • The development, implementation, and evaluation of interventions to promote healthy eating behaviors and dietary patterns at individual, family, community, or policy levels.

We invite original research articles, review papers, and meta-analyses that use innovative research methods to explore the complex relationship between eating behaviors and health outcomes. We encourage submissions from diverse perspectives, including researchers and practitioners from nutrition, public health, medicine, and psychology. By bringing together multidisciplinary perspectives and innovative research methods, this issue aims to advance our understanding of the relationship between dietary patterns and health outcomes, promote healthy eating habits, and prevent chronic diseases. We hope that this Special Issue will inspire further research and collaboration among researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and stakeholders who are interested in eating behaviors, dietary patterns, and health outcomes during different life stages.

Prof. Dr. Qian Lin
Prof. Dr. Xiaoqin Luo
Prof. Dr. Jia Guo
Prof. Dr. Irene X. Y. Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • eating behaviors
  • dietary patterns
  • nutrients
  • health outcomes
  • growth and development
  • chronic diseases
  • gut microbiota

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2535 KiB  
Article
Association of Vegetables-Fruits Dietary Patterns with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Mediating Effects of Gut Microbiota
by Xiaoxi Shan, Caixia Peng, Hanshuang Zou, Yunfeng Pan, Minchan Wu, Qingqing Xie and Qian Lin
Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2300; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142300 - 17 Jul 2024
Viewed by 641
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Previous studies have found that diet can change gut microbiota, thereby affecting metabolic health. However, research on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still limited. Our study aimed to explore the mediating role of gut microbiota in the relationship between dietary patterns [...] Read more.
(1) Introduction: Previous studies have found that diet can change gut microbiota, thereby affecting metabolic health. However, research on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is still limited. Our study aimed to explore the mediating role of gut microbiota in the relationship between dietary patterns and GDM. (2) Methods: In this case-control study, 107 women with GDM at 24–28 weeks of gestation and 78 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess dietary intake over the previous month. Mediation analysis was performed to explore the link between dietary patterns, gut microbiota, and GDM. (3) Results: Among the five dietary patterns extracted, the high group (factor scores ≥ −0.07) of the vegetables-fruits dietary pattern had a 67% lower risk of developing GDM compared to the low group (factor scores < −0.07) (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.15–0.74). In addition, a significant alteration was observed in gut microbiota composition among GDM pregnant women. Mediation analysis showed that the Lachnospiraceae family, Blautia, and Ruminococcus genus partially mediated the effect of vegetables-fruits dietary pattern on GDM, explaining 45.81%, 44.33%, and 31.53% of the association, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Adherence to vegetables-fruits dietary patterns during pregnancy may reduce the risk of GDM by altering gut microbiota composition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behavior, Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes: Insights from Research and Practice)
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14 pages, 2302 KiB  
Article
Geographical Distribution of Dietary Patterns and Their Association with T2DM in Chinese Adults Aged 45 y and Above: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study
by Weihua Dong, Yuqian Li, Qingqing Man, Yu Zhang, Lianlong Yu, Rongping Zhao, Jian Zhang, Pengkun Song and Gangqiang Ding
Nutrients 2024, 16(1), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16010107 - 28 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1879
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the geographical distribution of dietary patterns and their association with T2DM among Chinese adults aged 45 years and above. Methods: Data was from the China Adults Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Surveillance (2015). Dietary intake for each participant [...] Read more.
Background: This study aimed to investigate the geographical distribution of dietary patterns and their association with T2DM among Chinese adults aged 45 years and above. Methods: Data was from the China Adults Chronic Diseases and Nutrition Surveillance (2015). Dietary intake for each participant was determined through a combination of 3-day 24-h dietary recall interviews and food frequency questionnaires. Principal component analysis was used to extract dietary patterns and spatial analysis was employed to investigate the geographic distribution of them. T2DM was diagnosed using criteria of ADA 2018, and binary logistic regression was employed to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and T2DM. Results: A total of 36,648 participants were included in the study; 10.9% of them were diagnosed as T2DM. Three dietary patterns were identified with the name of plant-based pattern, animal-based pattern, and oriental traditional pattern, which were represented located in northern, northwest, and southern regions, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of the plant-based pattern were associated with lower T2DM odds (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.90) when comparing with the lowest quartile. However, participants inclined to higher quartiles of animal-based pattern had a higher risk of T2DM (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.27) compared with those in the lower quartiles. No significant association was found between the oriental traditional pattern and T2DM (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.14). Conclusion: Dietary patterns of Chinese population revealed geographical disparities, with plant-based dietary pattern showing protective effects and animal-based pattern carrying high risks for T2DM. Regional dietary variations and food environment are paramount in T2DM prevention and management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behavior, Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes: Insights from Research and Practice)
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17 pages, 1467 KiB  
Article
Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Food Neophobia Occurrence in Children: A Study Carried out in Italy
by Annalisa Di Nucci, Simone Pilloni, Umberto Scognamiglio and Laura Rossi
Nutrients 2023, 15(24), 5078; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15245078 - 12 Dec 2023
Viewed by 2450
Abstract
Food Neophobia (FN), defined as the reluctance to eat new or unfamiliar foods, mainly concerns fruit, vegetables, and legumes, typical of the Mediterranean Diet (MD). Considering these premises, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between FN and AMD in a sample of [...] Read more.
Food Neophobia (FN), defined as the reluctance to eat new or unfamiliar foods, mainly concerns fruit, vegetables, and legumes, typical of the Mediterranean Diet (MD). Considering these premises, this study aimed to clarify the relationship between FN and AMD in a sample of Italian children and their association with some socio-demographic factors and children’s nutritional status. A sample of 288 children aged 3–11 years participated in an assessment carried out with a questionnaire evaluating FN and AMD, respectively, with the Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS) and the KIDMED test. Most of the sample showed an intermediate (67.3%) or high level of FN (18.1%), with high rates among 6–11-year-old children (63.9%) and especially in those who were the only child (50%). The AMD was mostly low (29.5%) or medium (54.8%) and reached lower levels among higher neophobic children (51.9%; p value < 0.05). The present results confirm the study hypothesis that FN is a driver of MD abandonment and shows the positive effects on children’s eating habits and siblings. Finally, this study proves the relevance of adopting effective feeding strategies against FN to avoid its maintenance in adulthood and the detrimental effects on future overall health and well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behavior, Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes: Insights from Research and Practice)
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13 pages, 280 KiB  
Article
Dietary Patterns and Their Association with Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Outcomes among Hispanic Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2018)
by Brandon Osborn and Matthew A. Haemer
Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4641; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214641 - 1 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1581
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders are disproportionately prevalent among Hispanic and Latino adults in the United States. We extracted a posteriori dietary patterns (DPs) among a nationally representative sample of 2049 Hispanic adults using the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Three [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders are disproportionately prevalent among Hispanic and Latino adults in the United States. We extracted a posteriori dietary patterns (DPs) among a nationally representative sample of 2049 Hispanic adults using the 2013–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Three primary DPs and their tertiles were identified, and their associations with cardiometabolic outcomes were examined. Those with higher levels of the Solids Fats, Cheeses, Refined Carbohydrates DP were more likely younger, male, and Mexican American. Those with higher levels of the Vegetables DP were more likely female, higher income, and long-term immigrant residents. Those with higher levels of The Plant-Based DP tended to have higher education levels. Higher levels of the Solid Fats, Cheeses, Refined Carbohydrates DP level were positively associated with body mass index (Tertile 2, β: 1.07 [95%CI: 0.14, 1.99]) and negatively associated with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (Tertile 3, β: −4.53 [95%CI: −7.03, −2.03]). Higher levels of adherence to the Vegetables DP were negatively associated with body fat (Tertile 3, β: −1.57 [95%CI: −2.74, −0.39]) but also HDL-C (Tertile 2, β: −2.62 [95%CI: −4.79, −0.47]). The Plant-Based DP showed no associations with cardiometabolic outcomes. Future research and interventions should consider these associations as well as the sociodemographic differences within each DP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behavior, Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes: Insights from Research and Practice)
14 pages, 829 KiB  
Article
The Association between Dietary Fiber Intake and Serum Klotho Levels in Americans: A Cross-Sectional Study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
by Si Liu, Mingyang Wu, Yan Wang, Lu Xiang, Gang Luo, Qian Lin and Lin Xiao
Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3147; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143147 - 14 Jul 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2164
Abstract
Background: Klotho is an aging-related marker closely associated with a number of diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that dietary factors and lifestyle habits can impact serum Klotho levels. The effect of dietary fiber, a key component of a healthy diet, on [...] Read more.
Background: Klotho is an aging-related marker closely associated with a number of diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that dietary factors and lifestyle habits can impact serum Klotho levels. The effect of dietary fiber, a key component of a healthy diet, on the body’s serum Klotho levels has not been fully elucidated. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between dietary fiber intake and serum Klotho levels in people aged 40–79 years in the United States. Methods: A total of 11,282 participants were included in this study, all from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2016. Dietary fiber intake was assessed by uniformly trained interviewers using the 24 h dietary recall method. Serum Klotho was quantified using commercially available ELISA kits manufactured by IBL International, Japan. The relationship between dietary fiber intake and serum Klotho levels was analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. Subsequently, the non-linear dose–response relationship between the two was further explored using a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, serum Klotho levels increased by 1.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8%, 3.0%) for each interquartile range increase in dietary fiber intake in all participants. Considering dietary fiber intake as a categorical variable, serum Klotho levels were found to be 4.7% higher in participants in the highest quartile of dietary fiber intake than in those in the lowest quartile (95% CI: 1.8%, 7.6%). RCS plots depicted a non-linear positive correlation between dietary fiber intake and serum Klotho levels. Subgroup analysis revealed that the relationship between dietary fiber intake and serum Klotho levels was more pronounced in older (percentage change: 7.0%; 95% CI: 2.5%, 11.7%) and overweight and obese participants (percentage change: 4.9%; 95% CI: 1.5%, 8.4%). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that dietary fiber intake was significantly associated with serum Klotho levels in participants. This finding is yet to be further confirmed by prospective studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behavior, Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes: Insights from Research and Practice)
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Review

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23 pages, 2042 KiB  
Review
Nailfold Capillaroscopy: A Comprehensive Review on Its Usefulness in Both Clinical Diagnosis and Improving Unhealthy Dietary Lifestyles
by Michio Komai, Dan Takeno, Chiharu Fujii, Joe Nakano, Yusuke Ohsaki and Hitoshi Shirakawa
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1914; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121914 - 18 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1548
Abstract
Since the 1970s, the utility of nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) in diagnosing rheumatological disorders such as systemic sclerosis has been well established. Further studies have also shown that NFC can detect non-rheumatic diseases such as diabetes, glaucoma, dermatitis, and Alzheimer disease. In the past [...] Read more.
Since the 1970s, the utility of nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) in diagnosing rheumatological disorders such as systemic sclerosis has been well established. Further studies have also shown that NFC can detect non-rheumatic diseases such as diabetes, glaucoma, dermatitis, and Alzheimer disease. In the past decade, nailfold capillary morphological changes have also been reported as symptoms of unhealthy lifestyle habits such as poor diet, smoking, sleep deprivation, and even psychological stress, all of which contribute to slow blood flow. Therefore, studying the relationships between the morphology of nailfold capillaries and lifestyle habits has a high potential to indicate unhealthy states or even pre-disease conditions. Simple, inexpensive, and non-invasive methods such as NFC are important and useful for routine medical examinations. The present study began with a systematic literature search of the PubMed database followed by a summary of studies reporting the assessment of morphological changes detected by NFC, and a comprehensive review of NFC’s utility in clinical diagnosis and improving unhealthy dietary lifestyles. It culminates in a summary of dietary and lifestyle health promotion strategy, assessed based on NFC and other related measurements that indicate healthy microvascular blood flow and endothelial function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eating Behavior, Dietary Patterns and Health Outcomes: Insights from Research and Practice)
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