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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 5720

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Dr. Rubén López-Bueno

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Guest Editor

Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: health habits; diet; physical activity; screen time; lifestyle; physical fitness; occupational health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Joaquín Calatayud

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Guest Editor

Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), Department of Physiotherapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Interests: strength training to prevent/treat different disease; exercise prescription; neuromuscular responses to strength training; risk factors in the physical work environment; exercise interventions at the workplace
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Aside from COVID-19, communicable diseases, which used to be the leading cause of mortality, especially in developed countries, have given way to non-communicable diseases as the main leading cause of mortality.

Currently, non-communicable diseases are more prevalent, and most of them are related to changes in our daily habits and degenerative processes. As the global population ages, the onset of non-transmissible chronic conditions increases, and strategies to estimate both the burden as well as the prevention of such conditions are further warranted. Notably, the cost of sustaining ageing populations is increasing, and the prevention as well as treatment of chronic conditions is usually more affordable using interventions or exposures based on diet- and physical-activity-modification patterns. Therefore, the main aim of this Special Issue is to collect studies addressing chronic conditions mainly through diet and/or physical activity. Study designs may encompass either observational (cross-sectional, cohort, case–control, etc.) or clinical trials. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses on this topic are also welcome.

Dr. Rubén López-Bueno
Dr. Joaquín Calatayud
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

public health
preventive policies
plant-based diet
cardiovascular health
musculoeskeletal disorders
diabetes
obesity

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 682 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Temporal Trends in Food Insecurity (Hunger) among School-Going Adolescents from 31 Countries from Africa, Asia, and the Americas

by Lee Smith, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Mark A. Tully, Louis Jacob, Karel Kostev, Hans Oh, Laurie Butler, Yvonne Barnett, Jae Il Shin and Ai Koyanagi

Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3226; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143226 - 20 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1394

Abstract

(1) Background: Temporal trends of food insecurity among adolescents are largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to examine this trend among school-going adolescents aged 12–15 years from 31 countries in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. (2) Methods: Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003–2017 were analyzed in 193,388 students [mean (SD) age: 13.7 (1.0) years; 49.0% boys]. The prevalence and 95%CI of moderate (rarely/sometimes hungry), severe (most of the time/always hungry), and any (moderate or severe) food insecurity (past 30-day) was calculated for each survey. Crude linear trends in food insecurity were assessed by linear regression models. (3) Results: The mean prevalence of any food insecurity was 52.2% (moderate 46.5%; severe 5.7%). Significant increasing and decreasing trends of any food insecurity were found in seven countries each. A sizeable decrease and increase were observed in Benin (71.2% in 2009 to 49.2% in 2016) and Mauritius (25.0% in 2011 to 43.6% in 2017), respectively. Severe food insecurity increased in countries such as Vanuatu (4.9% in 2011 to 8.4% in 2016) and Mauritius (3.5% in 2011 to 8.2% in 2017). The rate of decrease was modest in most countries with a significant decreasing trend, while many countries with stable trends showed consistently high prevalence of food insecurity. (4) Conclusion: Global action is urgently required to address food insecurity among adolescents, as our data show that achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 to end hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030 would be difficult without strong global commitment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Lifestyle Interventions to Combat Noncommunicable Disease)

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11 pages, 321 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of a Lifestyle Intervention in Young Women with GDM and Subsequent Diabetes

by Gang Hu, Huikun Liu, Junhong Leng, Leishen Wang, Weiqin Li, Shuang Zhang, Wei Li, Gongshu Liu, Huiguang Tian, Shengping Yang, Zhijie Yu, Xilin Yang and Jaakko Tuomilehto

Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5232; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245232 - 8 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2177

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a 9-month intensive lifestyle intervention could lead to weight loss and improve cardiovascular risk factors among young women with both gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and newly diagnosed diabetes. A total of 83 young women, who had GDM and were subsequently diagnosed as type 2 diabetes at an average of 2.6 years after delivery, participated in a 9-month intensive lifestyle intervention and a follow-up survey at 6–9 years postintervention. After the 9-month intervention, these women had a weight loss of 2.90 kg (−4.02% of initial weight), decreased waist circumference (−3.12 cm), body fat (−1.75%), diastolic blood pressure (−3.49 mmHg), fasting glucose (−0.98 mmol/L) and HbA1c (−0.72%). During the 6–9 years postintervention period, they still had lower weight (−3.71 kg; −4.62% of initial weight), decreased waist circumference (−4.56 cm) and body fat (−2.10%), but showed a slight increase in HbA1c (0.22%). The prevalence of using glucose-lowering agents increased from 2.4% at baseline to 34.6% after the 9-month lifestyle intervention, and to 48.4% at 6–9 years postintervention. A 9-month intensive lifestyle intervention can produce beneficial effects on body weight, HbA1c and other cardiovascular risk factors among young women with previous GDM who subsequently developed new diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Lifestyle Interventions to Combat Noncommunicable Disease)

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9 pages, 463 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Obesity Is Positively Associated and Alcohol Intake Is Negatively Associated with Nephrolithiasis

by So Young Kim, Dae Myoung Yoo, Woo Jin Bang and Hyo Geun Choi

Nutrients 2022, 14(19), 4122; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14194122 - 4 Oct 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1612

Abstract

The current research investigated the impacts of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity on the development of nephrolithiasis. We included ≥40-year-old Koreans from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. A total of 28,395 nephrolithiasis patients were compared with 113,580 control participants. Previous histories of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity were examined before the presence of nephrolithiasis. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity for nephrolithiasis. Further analyses were conducted, according to age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity. The current smoking status was not linked with the presence of nephrolithiasis. Alcohol consumption was linked with a lower likelihood of the presence of nephrolithiasis (adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.89, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.86–0.92, p < 0.001). Being obese was associated with a greater likelihood of the presence of nephrolithiasis ((95% CI) = 1.27 (1.22–1.31) < 1.42 (1.37–1.46) < 1.59 (1.47–1.71) for overweight < obese I < obese II). The relation of alcohol consumption and obesity with nephrolithiasis was consistent in the subgroups. The presence of nephrolithiasis was positively linked with obesity and negatively linked with alcohol consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Healthy Lifestyle Interventions to Combat Noncommunicable Disease)

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