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Nutrients
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Nutrition, Dietary Intervention and Glycemic Control in Diabetes
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Nutrition, Dietary Intervention and Glycemic Control in Diabetes

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Diabetes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 May 2023) | Viewed by 27972

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kali Makedou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Biochemistry, AHEPA General Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, St. Kyriakidi 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: biomarkers; nutrition; obesity; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diabetes is a major public health issue. Around 530 million of people are living with diabetes worldwide, and the number is continuously rising. Dietary intervention is the first step in the management of diabetes and is a prerequisite, even if pharmaceutical intervention is necessary. The aim of this Special Issue, “Nutrition, Dietary Intervention and Glycemic Control in Diabetes” is to highlight different aspects of nutrition of diabetic patients and its importance in glycemic control and prevention of diabetes complications.

In particular, the goal is to present whether frequency of meals and dietary constituents are of importance in glycemic control in diabetes, whether antioxidants can play a role in favor of the pathophysiology of diabetes complications and why nutrition is crucial in the management of gestational diabetes.

This Special Issue will provide physicians with useful information about the role of nutrition in diabetes and may offer new ideas for further research aiming in the individualized nutrition of diabetic patients.

Dr. Kali Makedou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition
  • diabetes
  • gestational diabetes
  • glycemic control
  • antioxidants
  • micronutrients
  • vitamins
  • carbohydrates
  • proteins
  • minerals

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2978 KiB  
Article
A Pilot Study on the Efficacy of a Diabetic Diet Containing the Rare Sugar D-Allulose in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blind, Crossover Study
by Kensaku Fukunaga, Takafumi Yoshimura, Hitomi Imachi, Toshihiro Kobayashi, Takanobu Saheki, Seisuke Sato, Nao Saheki, Wenyi Jiang and Koji Murao
Nutrients 2023, 15(12), 2802; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122802 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 9309
Abstract
High sugar consumption increases the risk of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Regarding the diet of patients with diabetes, artificial sweeteners are considered a safe alternative to sugar; however, there is also a risk that artificial sweeteners exacerbate glucose metabolism. D-allulose (C-3 isomer [...] Read more.
High sugar consumption increases the risk of diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Regarding the diet of patients with diabetes, artificial sweeteners are considered a safe alternative to sugar; however, there is also a risk that artificial sweeteners exacerbate glucose metabolism. D-allulose (C-3 isomer of d-fructose), which is a rare sugar, has been reported to have antidiabetic and antiobesity effects. In this study, the efficacy of a diabetic diet containing D-allulose was investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes using an intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring system (isCGM). This study was a validated, prospective, single-blind, randomized, crossover comparative study. Comparison of peak postprandial blood glucose (PPG) levels after consumption of a standard diabetic diet and a diabetic diet containing 8.5 g of D-allulose was the primary endpoint. A D-allulose-containing diabetic diet improved PPG levels in type two diabetes patients compared with a strictly energy-controlled diabetic diet. The results also showed a protective effect on endogenous pancreatic insulin secretory capacity owing to reduced insulin requirement. In patients with type two diabetes mellitus, diabetic diets containing 8.5 g D-allulose were effective in improving PPG levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Dietary Intervention and Glycemic Control in Diabetes)
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11 pages, 851 KiB  
Article
Determinants Related to Oxidative Stress Parameters in Pediatric Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
by Monika Grabia, Katarzyna Socha, Jolanta Soroczyńska, Artur Bossowski and Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska
Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2084; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092084 - 26 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3347
Abstract
Adequate glycemic management is one of the main goals in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and preventing the early onset of diabetic complications. Improperly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) will result in oxidative stress (OS) and lead to further related health issues. Therefore, [...] Read more.
Adequate glycemic management is one of the main goals in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and preventing the early onset of diabetic complications. Improperly controlled diabetes mellitus (DM) will result in oxidative stress (OS) and lead to further related health issues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the body’s ability to defend against OS depending on the duration of T1DM, metabolic management, antioxidant intake and modern glycemic monitoring systems (GMS). The study included 103 adolescents with T1DM aged 10–17 years. The control group consisted of 65 healthy peers. The patients’ blood was assayed for antioxidant enzymes, minerals and toxic elements. In addition, their dietary intake of antioxidant components was assessed. The T1DM group had higher total oxidant status, oxidative stress index and Cu/Zn ratio values, higher concentrations of malondialdehyde and lower total antioxidant status (TAS) and chromium, zinc, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels than their healthy peers. The comparison between GMS types revealed favorable changes in OS parameters for the flash and continuous systems. Furthermore, an effect of vitamin A and C dietary intake on serum TAS concentrations was detected. More than 82% of the patients with high TAS fulfilled the estimated average requirement norm for vitamin A, and more than 60% fulfilled the vitamin C requirement. In youths with T1DM, it is advisable to observe the antioxidant activity of the body to prevent the accelerated development of diabetic complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Dietary Intervention and Glycemic Control in Diabetes)
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13 pages, 966 KiB  
Article
Pre-Pregnancy Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study in Greece
by Antigoni Tranidou, Themistoklis Dagklis, Emmanuella Magriplis, Aikaterini Apostolopoulou, Ioannis Tsakiridis, Violeta Chroni, Eirini Tsekitsidi, Ioustini Kalaitzopoulou, Nikolaos Pazaras and Michail Chourdakis
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 848; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040848 - 7 Feb 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3347
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a growing epidemic affecting pregnant women and their offspring. This study aimed to identify the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) before conception and the risk of GDM in a contemporary Greek pregnant cohort. A prospective [...] Read more.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a growing epidemic affecting pregnant women and their offspring. This study aimed to identify the relationship between adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MD) before conception and the risk of GDM in a contemporary Greek pregnant cohort. A prospective cohort of pregnant women was recruited at the routine first trimester visit. Nutritional intake was evaluated using a population specific validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Pre-pregnancy adherence to MD was derived using two different scoring systems, the Mediterranean diet index score (MDS), and a modified version. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were computed using multiple logistic regression models for each score derived. Of 743 participating women, 112 (15.1%) developed GDM. The MDS index showed that scoring 5–9 points (high adherence) was associated with a lower GDM incidence (aOR: 0.57 95% CI (0.32, 0.90), p = 0.02), while the modified MDS index showed no significant association for any level of adherence. Pre-pregnancy consumption of “meat and derivatives” and “fatty meat and processed meat” was associated with a higher risk of GDM, with both scoring systems (p = 0.008, p = 0.004, respectively). A higher adherence to a MD pre-pregnancy, especially with less meat consumption, may have a protective effect on the occurrence of GDM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Dietary Intervention and Glycemic Control in Diabetes)
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Review

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41 pages, 7730 KiB  
Review
Protective Effects of Medicinal Plant-Based Foods against Diabetes: A Review on Pharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Molecular Mechanisms
by Prawej Ansari, Jannatul F. Samia, Joyeeta T. Khan, Musfiqur R. Rafi, Md. Sifat Rahman, Akib B. Rahman, Yasser H. A. Abdel-Wahab and Veronique Seidel
Nutrients 2023, 15(14), 3266; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15143266 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6124
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) comprises a range of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by defects in insulin release, insulin action, or both. DM is a widespread condition that affects a substantial portion of the global population, causing high morbidity and [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) comprises a range of metabolic disorders characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by defects in insulin release, insulin action, or both. DM is a widespread condition that affects a substantial portion of the global population, causing high morbidity and mortality rates. The prevalence of this major public health crisis is predicted to increase in the forthcoming years. Although several drugs are available to manage DM, these are associated with adverse side effects, which limits their use. In underdeveloped countries, where such drugs are often costly and not widely available, many people continue to rely on alternative traditional medicine, including medicinal plants. The latter serves as a source of primary healthcare and plant-based foods in many low- and middle-income countries. Interestingly, many of the phytochemicals they contain have been demonstrated to possess antidiabetic activity such as lowering blood glucose levels, stimulating insulin secretion, and alleviating diabetic complications. Therefore, such plants may provide protective effects that could be used in the management of DM. The purpose of this article was to review the medicinal plant-based foods traditionally used for the management of DM, including their therapeutic effects, pharmacologically active phytoconstituents, and antidiabetic mode of action at the molecular level. It also presents future avenues for research in this field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Dietary Intervention and Glycemic Control in Diabetes)
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19 pages, 379 KiB  
Review
Remission as an Emerging Therapeutic Target in Type 2 Diabetes in the Era of New Glucose-Lowering Agents: Benefits, Challenges, and Treatment Approaches
by Dimitra Vasdeki, Theocharis Koufakis, Georgios Tsamos, Luca Busetto, Pantelis Zebekakis and Kalliopi Kotsa
Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4801; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224801 - 13 Nov 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5174
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease with a growing prevalence, associated with an increased risk of complications. The introduction of new classes of antidiabetic drugs into clinical practice has dramatically changed the landscape of diabetes therapy. However, despite the progress [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease with a growing prevalence, associated with an increased risk of complications. The introduction of new classes of antidiabetic drugs into clinical practice has dramatically changed the landscape of diabetes therapy. However, despite the progress made in the pharmacotherapy of T2DM, mitigating the burden of the disease on individuals, societies and health care systems remains a challenge. Remission has recently emerged as a therapeutic target in T2DM, achievable through a wide range of interventions. Recent studies have shown that extensive lifestyle changes, such as weight reduction, bariatric surgery, and intensive glucose lowering therapy, can prompt the remission of diabetes, but some unanswered questions remain regarding its long-term effects on diabetic complications. Metabolic surgery and novel classes of glucose-lowering medications are currently the most effective interventions to induce weight loss and by extension remission in patients with diabetes; however, the ideal strategy to achieve the long-term maintenance of remission remains doubtful. In this narrative review, we discuss the available therapeutic approaches to target the remission of diabetes through personalized multimodal care, based on the latest evidence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Dietary Intervention and Glycemic Control in Diabetes)
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