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Contributions of Interactions between Lifestyle and Dietary Patterns on Coronary Artery Disease Risk

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 25748

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Anthony Zulli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne 3030, VIC, Australia
Interests: coronary artery disease; mediterranean diet; pharmacognosy; diet; endothelial dysfunction; renin angiotensin system
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In this Special Issue of Nutrients, we endeavour to bring to the forefront a comprehensive summary as well as the latest data relating to the interaction between lifestyle (including dietary regimens) and coronary artery disease. This also includes the effect of diet and exercise on chronic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome—linked to its effect on coronary artery disease. As coronary artery disease remains a major health burden worldwide, new methods of treatment are sought to reduce this. The association among diet, lifestyle and coronary artery disease is now without question, yet the specific mechanisms of action and interaction between these factors are not yet understood.

To elucidate this problem, we invite authors to provide either current original research (bench or bedside) or a review article on their specific field of interest describing their latest research on coronary artery disease. The review can include the effect of specific dietary factors, such as oils and amino acids, as well as exercise and stress, on coronary artery disease risk.

Dr. Anthony Zulli
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Coronary artery disease
  • Exercise is 'medicine'
  • Diet
  • Function

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1042 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Dietary Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation on Cardiac Function during Submaximal Exercise in Men with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF): A Pilot Study
by Mary N. Woessner, Itamar Levinger, Jason D. Allen, Luke C. McIlvenna and Christopher Neil
Nutrients 2020, 12(7), 2132; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072132 - 17 Jul 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3421
Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a common end point for patients with coronary artery disease and it is characterized by exercise intolerance due, in part, to a reduction in cardiac output. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a vital role in cardiac [...] Read more.
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a common end point for patients with coronary artery disease and it is characterized by exercise intolerance due, in part, to a reduction in cardiac output. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a vital role in cardiac function and patients with HFrEF have been identified as having reduced vascular NO. This pilot study aimed to investigate if nitrate supplementation could improve cardiac measures during acute, submaximal exercise. Five male participants (61 ± 3 years) with HFrEF (EF 32 ± 2.2%) completed this pilot study. All participants supplemented with inorganic nitrate (beetroot juice) or a nitrate-depleted placebo for ~13 days prior to testing. Participants completed a three-stage submaximal exercise protocol on a recumbent cycle ergometer with simultaneous echocardiography for calculation of cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), and total peripheral resistance (TPR). Heart rate and blood pressure were measured at rest and during each stage. Both plasma nitrate (mean = ~1028%, p = 0.004) and nitrite (mean = ~109%, p = 0.01) increased following supplementation. There were no differences between interventions at rest, but the percent change in SV and Q from rest to stage two and stage three of exercise was higher following nitrate supplementation (all p > 0.05, ES > 0.8). Both interventions showed decreases in TPR during exercise, but the percent reduction TPR in stages two and three was greater following nitrate supplementation (p = 0.09, ES = 0.98 and p = 0.14, ES = 0.82, respectively). There were clinically relevant increases in cardiac function during exercise following supplementation with nitrate. The findings from this pilot study warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contributions of Interactions between Lifestyle and Dietary Patterns on Coronary Artery Disease Risk)
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11 pages, 2275 KiB  
Article
The Effect of an Atherogenic Diet and Acute Hyperglycaemia on Endothelial Function in Rabbits Is Artery Specific
by Alexander Tacey, Tawar Qaradakhi, Cassandra Smith, Chris Pittappillil, Alan Hayes, Anthony Zulli and Itamar Levinger
Nutrients 2020, 12(7), 2108; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12072108 - 16 Jul 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2860
Abstract
Hyperglycaemia has a toxic effect on blood vessels and promotes coronary artery disease. It is unclear whether the dysfunction caused by hyperglycaemia is blood vessel specific and whether the dysfunction is exacerbated following an atherogenic diet. Abdominal aorta, iliac, and mesenteric arteries were [...] Read more.
Hyperglycaemia has a toxic effect on blood vessels and promotes coronary artery disease. It is unclear whether the dysfunction caused by hyperglycaemia is blood vessel specific and whether the dysfunction is exacerbated following an atherogenic diet. Abdominal aorta, iliac, and mesenteric arteries were dissected from New Zealand White rabbits following either a 4-week normal or atherogenic diet (n = 6–12 per group). The arteries were incubated ex vivo in control or high glucose solution (20 mM or 40 mM) for 2 h. Isometric tension myography was used to determine endothelial-dependent vasodilation. The atherogenic diet reduced relaxation as measured by area under the curve (AUC) by 25% (p < 0.05), 17% (p = 0.06) and 40% (p = 0.07) in the aorta, iliac, and mesenteric arteries, respectively. In the aorta from the atherogenic diet fed rabbits, the 20 mM glucose altered EC50 (p < 0.05). Incubation of the iliac artery from atherogenic diet fed rabbits in 40 mM glucose altered EC50 (p < 0.05). No dysfunction occurred in the mesentery with high glucose incubation following either the normal or atherogenic diet. High glucose induced endothelial dysfunction appears to be blood vessel specific and the aorta may be the optimal artery to study potential therapeutic treatments of hyperglycaemia induced endothelial dysfunction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contributions of Interactions between Lifestyle and Dietary Patterns on Coronary Artery Disease Risk)
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Review

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23 pages, 774 KiB  
Review
The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Taurine on Cardiovascular Disease
by Tawar Qaradakhi, Laura Kate Gadanec, Kristen Renee McSweeney, Jemma Rose Abraham, Vasso Apostolopoulos and Anthony Zulli
Nutrients 2020, 12(9), 2847; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092847 - 17 Sep 2020
Cited by 67 | Viewed by 19084
Abstract
Taurine is a non-protein amino acid that is expressed in the majority of animal tissues. With its unique sulfonic acid makeup, taurine influences cellular functions, including osmoregulation, antioxidation, ion movement modulation, and conjugation of bile acids. Taurine exerts anti-inflammatory effects that improve diabetes [...] Read more.
Taurine is a non-protein amino acid that is expressed in the majority of animal tissues. With its unique sulfonic acid makeup, taurine influences cellular functions, including osmoregulation, antioxidation, ion movement modulation, and conjugation of bile acids. Taurine exerts anti-inflammatory effects that improve diabetes and has shown benefits to the cardiovascular system, possibly by inhibition of the renin angiotensin system. The beneficial effects of taurine are reviewed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Contributions of Interactions between Lifestyle and Dietary Patterns on Coronary Artery Disease Risk)
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