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Definition of Healthy Diet for Healthy People: Data from Epidemiological Studies

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 55949

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Arrigo Cicero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Disease Study Center, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
Interests: nutraceuticals; nutrition; cholesterol; hypertension; uric acid; cardiovascular risk factors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Federica Fogacci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Disease Study Center, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
Interests: cholesterol; cardiovascular risk factors; nutrition; nutraceuticals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Claudio Borghi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Disease Study Center, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
Interests: cholesterol; hypertension; uric acid; cardiovascular risk factors; cardiovascular prevention
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A healthy diet prevents many chronic-degenerative diseases and ensures a healthy and long life. But what is a healthy diet? A large number of epidemiological studies provide data regarding dietary predictors of negative health outcomes. This Special Issue of Nutrients, entitled “Definition of Healthy Diet for Healthy People: Data From Epidemiological Studies” aims to sample a number of contribution by well-recognized experts in order to analyse the predictors of a good health and healthy aging, with the aim of defining the concept of a “positive nutrition”. Consensus documents, narrative reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and epidemiological trials resuming and reporting data on dietary components and dietary patterns associated with human longevity and good health in different geographical settings are welcome. Preclinical studies are also welcome, but only if they have a direct impact or relationship with human health and longevity.

Prof. Dr. Arrigo Cicero
Dr. Federica Fogacci
Prof. Dr. Claudio Borghi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • epidemiology
  • healthy diet
  • nutrition
  • prevention
  • clinical trials
  • longevity

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 179 KiB  
Editorial
An Evolving Definition of a “Healthy Diet”
by Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Federica Fogacci and Claudio Borghi
Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2212; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092212 - 6 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2467
Abstract
Throughout life, most of us eat at least three meals a day for 365 days a year [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Definition of Healthy Diet for Healthy People: Data from Epidemiological Studies)

Research

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10 pages, 647 KiB  
Article
Self-Reported Coffee Consumption and Central and Peripheral Blood Pressure in the Cohort of the Brisighella Heart Study
by Arrigo F. G. Cicero, Federica Fogacci, Sergio D’Addato, Elisa Grandi, Elisabetta Rizzoli, Claudio Borghi and on behalf of the Brisighella Heart Study
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020312 - 8 Jan 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 21111
Abstract
Even though coffee consumption has been clearly related to a number of benefits to the cardiovascular system, its effect on blood pressure (BP) has not been fully elucidated. In this sub-analysis of the Brisighella Heart Study (BHS), we compared central and peripheral BP [...] Read more.
Even though coffee consumption has been clearly related to a number of benefits to the cardiovascular system, its effect on blood pressure (BP) has not been fully elucidated. In this sub-analysis of the Brisighella Heart Study (BHS), we compared central and peripheral BP values in a sub-cohort of 720 men (47.9%) and 783 women (52.1%) reporting the drinking of different amounts of coffee each day, for whom a full set of clinical, laboratory and hemodynamic parameters was available. According to our observations, moderate coffee drinking was associated to either higher levels of systolic BP (SBP) compared to those with heavy coffee consumption or lower SBP than that in the non-coffee drinking group (p-value for trend <0.05). In particular, people who drank 2 cups of coffee per day and people who drank >3 cups per day had lower SBP than non-coffee drinkers by 5.2 ± 1.6 mmHg (p = 0.010) and 9.7 ± 3.2 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.007). Similar trends were also observed for peripheral pulse pressure (PP), aortic BP and aortic PP. In the age-adjusted multiple linear regression model, negative predictors of SBP, PP, aortic BP and aortic PP were the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), female sex and coffee consumption. Positive predictors included body mass index (BMI) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Then, our findings show that regular coffee drinking is associated with lower SBP, PP, aortic BP and aortic PP, but with similar arterial stiffness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Definition of Healthy Diet for Healthy People: Data from Epidemiological Studies)
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13 pages, 959 KiB  
Article
Metabolomic Profile of Different Dietary Patterns and Their Association with Frailty Index in Community-Dwelling Older Men and Women
by Toshiko Tanaka, Sameera A. Talegawkar, Yichen Jin, Julián Candia, Qu Tian, Ruin Moaddel, Eleanor M. Simonsick and Luigi Ferrucci
Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2237; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112237 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3461
Abstract
Diet quality has been associated with slower rates of aging; however, the mechanisms underlying the role of a healthy diet in aging are not fully understood. To address this question, we aimed to identify plasma metabolomic biomarkers of dietary patterns and explored whether [...] Read more.
Diet quality has been associated with slower rates of aging; however, the mechanisms underlying the role of a healthy diet in aging are not fully understood. To address this question, we aimed to identify plasma metabolomic biomarkers of dietary patterns and explored whether these metabolites mediate the relationship between diet and healthy aging, as assessed by the frailty index (FI) in 806 participants of the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Adherence to different dietary patterns was evaluated using the Mediterranean diet score (MDS), Mediterranean–DASH Diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) score, and Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI). Associations between diet, FI, and metabolites were assessed using linear regression models. Higher adherence to these dietary patterns was associated with lower FI. We found 236, 218, and 278 metabolites associated with the MDS, MIND, and AHEI, respectively, with 127 common metabolites, which included lipids, tri/di-glycerides, lyso/phosphatidylcholine, amino acids, bile acids, ceramides, cholesterol esters, fatty acids and acylcarnitines, indoles, and sphingomyelins. Metabolomic signatures of diet explained 28%, 37%, and 38% of the variance of the MDS, MIND, and AHEI, respectively. Signatures of MIND and AHEI mediated 55% and 61% of the association between each dietary pattern with FI, while the mediating effect of MDS signature was not statistically significant. The high number of metabolites associated with the different dietary patterns supports the notion of common mechanisms that underly the relationship between diet and frailty. The identification of multiple metabolite classes suggests that the effect of diet is complex and not mediated by any specific biomarkers. Furthermore, these metabolites may serve as biomarkers for poor diet quality to identify individuals for targeted dietary interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Definition of Healthy Diet for Healthy People: Data from Epidemiological Studies)
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15 pages, 895 KiB  
Article
The Serial Mediation of the Association between Breakfast Skipping and Suicidality by Weight Status and Depressive Symptoms: Findings from the National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys of the United States
by Bao-Peng Liu, Hui-Juan Fang and Cun-Xian Jia
Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 956; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14050956 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2566
Abstract
Background: The evidence is limited for the dose–response association between breakfast skipping and suicidality. The underlying pathway from breakfast skipping to suicidality has also rarely been explored in previous studies. Methods: The data of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBSs) of the United States [...] Read more.
Background: The evidence is limited for the dose–response association between breakfast skipping and suicidality. The underlying pathway from breakfast skipping to suicidality has also rarely been explored in previous studies. Methods: The data of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBSs) of the United States from 2011 to 2019 were used with a sample size of 74,074. The male: female ratio was nearly 1:1. Binary logistic regression models with complex sampling design were adopted to show the effect of breakfast skipping on weight status, depressive symptoms, and suicidality. Serial mediation was used to explore the association between breakfast skipping and suicidality by overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms. Findings: The weighted prevalence rates (95% confidence interval) of suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and medically serious suicide attempt for skipping breakfast totally (0 times/week) were 25.6% (24.4–26.8%), 21.7% (20.5–22.9%), 14.2% (13.0–15.3%), and 5.3% (4.6–5.9%). Breakfast skipping was significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and medically serious suicide attempt. There was statistical significance for the linear dose–response association between breakfast skipping and overweight/obesity, depressive symptoms, and suicidality regardless of sex and age. A serial mediation with effect sizes between 39.68% and 51.30% for the association between breakfast skipping and suicidality by overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms was found in this study. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the hazards of breakfast skipping, which could increase the risk of suicidality among adolescents. Overweight/obesity and depressive symptoms as the mediating factors for the association between breakfast skipping and suicidality should also be with more attention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Definition of Healthy Diet for Healthy People: Data from Epidemiological Studies)
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12 pages, 280 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Digital Healthy Diet Literacy and Healthy Eating Behavior on Fear of COVID-19, Changes in Mental Health, and Health-Related Quality of Life among Front-Line Health Care Workers
by Dinh N. Vu, Dung T. Phan, Hoang C. Nguyen, Lan T. H. Le, Huu C. Nguyen, Tung H. Ha, Hung K. Dao, Manh V. Trinh, Thinh V. Do, Hung Q. Nguyen, Thao T. P. Nguyen, Thuy T. Le, Cuong Q. Tran, Khanh V. Tran, Trang T. Duong, Hai X. Pham, Vinh-Tuyen T. Le and Tuyen Van Duong
Nutrients 2021, 13(8), 2656; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082656 - 30 Jul 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 7834
Abstract
Background: We aimed to examine the impacts of digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) and healthy eating behaviors (HES) on fear of COVID-19, changes in mental health, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among front-line healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: An online survey was conducted [...] Read more.
Background: We aimed to examine the impacts of digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) and healthy eating behaviors (HES) on fear of COVID-19, changes in mental health, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among front-line healthcare workers (HCWs). Methods: An online survey was conducted at 15 hospitals and health centers from 6–19 April 2020. Data of 2299 front-line HCWs were analyzed—including socio-demographics, symptoms like COVID-19, health literacy, eHealth literacy, DDL, HES, fear of COVID-19, changes in mental health, and HRQoL. Regression models were used to examine the associations. Results: HCWs with higher scores of DDL and HES had lower scores of FCoV-19S (regression coefficient, B, −0.04; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI, −0.07, −0.02; p = 0.001; and B, −0.10; 95% CI, −0.15, −0.06; p < 0.001); had a higher likelihood of stable or better mental health status (odds ratio, OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00, 1.05; p = 0.029; and OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.00, 1.07; p = 0.043); and HRQoL (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01, 1.03; p = 0.006; and OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.06; p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: DDL and HES were found as independent predictors of fear of COVID−19, changes in mental health status, and HRQoL in front-line HCWs. Improving DDL and HES should be considered as a strategic approach for hospitals and healthcare systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Definition of Healthy Diet for Healthy People: Data from Epidemiological Studies)
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Review

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17 pages, 347 KiB  
Review
Healthy Diet for Healthy Aging
by Suey S. Y. Yeung, Michelle Kwan and Jean Woo
Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4310; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124310 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 60 | Viewed by 16870
Abstract
Extending healthspan is a major public health challenge. Diet is one of the modifiable factors for preventing age-related diseases and preserving overall good health status during aging. Optimizing individuals’ intrinsic capacity, including domains in cognition, psychological, sensory function, vitality, and locomotion, has been [...] Read more.
Extending healthspan is a major public health challenge. Diet is one of the modifiable factors for preventing age-related diseases and preserving overall good health status during aging. Optimizing individuals’ intrinsic capacity, including domains in cognition, psychological, sensory function, vitality, and locomotion, has been proposed as a model of healthy aging by the World Health Organization. To better understand the relationships between a healthy diet and healthy aging, this review summarizes the recent epidemiologic and clinical data for dietary patterns that have been shown to play a role in (domains of) healthy aging. Regardless of priori or posteriori dietary patterns, it appears that dietary patterns centered on plant-based foods have a beneficial role in (domains of) healthy aging. Our review identified a knowledge gap in dietary patterns and multidimensional concepts of healthy aging. More epidemiological studies should consider intrinsic capacity as an outcome measure to further our understanding of a healthy diet and multidimensional concepts of healthy aging. When a sufficient number of epidemiological studies is available, evidence can be synthesized and clinical trials can be designed to evaluate a healthy diet as a strategy for healthy aging to further our progress in translating evidence to practice and promoting healthy aging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Definition of Healthy Diet for Healthy People: Data from Epidemiological Studies)
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