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Dietary and Behavioral Strategies in Obesity Prevention and Weight Control

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Obesity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2022) | Viewed by 19241

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Abdullah Mamun

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Guest Editor

Institute for Social Science Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Interests: early life nutrition (including pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and childhood); life course epidemiology; early origins of diseases and development; double burden of malnutrition; obesity; diabetes and cardiovascular health

Dr. Liubai Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

1. Institute of Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
2. Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
3. Division of Child Health/School Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
Interests: human nutrition; eating behaviors; obesity; cardiometabolic risks; physical activity; nutritional epidemiology; child health and well-being

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity is a major health threat and it is linked to metabolic diseases and overall well-being across the lifespan. It is, in most cases, a multifactorial disease due to a long-term disturbance to the energy balance and metabolic homeostasis of individuals, as well as obesogenic environments. Food patterns, macronutrients (namely, carbohydrates, protein, and lipids), as well as their specific components (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids, etc.), are the main determinants in energy intake, but more recent evidence has implicated the potential effects of chrono-nutrition (namely, when we eat or perform activities, time-restricted eating, intermittent fasting, etc.) in the development of obesity and weight management. In addition, the specific contribution of other energy-balance-related behaviors (e.g., sleeping, physical activity, sedentary lifestyles, outdoor time, etc.) to obesity and weight management is still a matter of active debate.

This Special Issue entitled “Dietary and Behavioral Strategies in Obesity Prevention and Weight Control” aims to host original articles, (systematic) reviews, and meta-analyses that will advance current knowledge on the role of nutrition and health behaviors in the development of obesity and weight management both in children and adults, and describe novel approaches through lifestyle modification for the prevention or management of obesity.

Dr. Abdullah Mamun
Dr. Liubai Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

obesity
weight control
food pattern
macronutrient
chrono-nutrition
time restricted eating
energy balance behavior
eating behavior
sleeping behavior
outdoor time
physical activity
sedentary activity

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1065 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Obesity Effects of Formulated Biscuits Supplemented with Date’s Fiber; Agro-Waste Products Used as a Potent Functional Food

by Thamer Aljutaily, Alaa Elbeltagy, Asmahan A. Ali, Mohamed G. E. Gadallah and Nazeha A. Khalil

Nutrients 2022, 14(24), 5315; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14245315 - 14 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2487

Abstract

Superabundant date fruit production in Al-Qassim in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), a plentiful region for producing date syrup resulting in massive amounts of date fiber (DF), causes environmental issues with what is considered dietary waste. However, no food producer or researcher has thought of the valorization of DF by extracting the crude polysaccharides that can be converted to nanoparticles (flours) to increase its functional group and enhance its functionality. Using the DF was the primary goal, with the new biscuits used within the current study investigated as a potent integrated approach for controlling obesity levels and its effects. Obesity is one of the most important human problems worldwide, connected to many metabolic diseases, e.g., diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Its prevalence has recently increased among Saudi children and adolescents. An investigation of the biological effects of the formulated products was carried out by feeding the formulated biscuits with different DF levels (5, 10 and 15%) to obese albino rats, in addition to positive and negative control groups, to evaluate the effect of a reduced calorie product on controlling their body weight and health stats (lipid profile, blood sugars, kidney and liver functions). The collected data showed that the most positive results were obtained from rats fed diets supplemented with 10% DF biscuits. All TCHO, TrGs, HDL, and HDL were decreased to the best levels in this group compared to the positive control group (148.23, 145.30, 37.50, and 81.67 vs. 238.37, 199.07, 62.57, and 135.99, respectively). To conclude, DF supplementation presented anti-obesity properties in animal models; however, more epidemiological trials are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary and Behavioral Strategies in Obesity Prevention and Weight Control)

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13 pages, 1582 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Parental and Offspring Dietary Behaviors on the Association of Overweight and Obesity between Two Generations: Results from a Cross-Sectional Analysis of Parent-Offspring Trios in China

by Qi Ma, Ting Chen, Jieyu Liu, Manman Chen, Di Gao, Yanhui Li, Tao Ma, Xinxin Wang, Li Chen, Ying Ma, Yi Zhang, Yanhui Dong, Yi Xing and Jun Ma

Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4625; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214625 - 2 Nov 2022

Viewed by 1489

Abstract

Limited evidence exists on the influence of dietary behaviors on the association of overweight/obesity between parents and offspring. This study aimed to investigate the influence of dietary behaviors on the association of overweight/obesity between two generations, and puts forward strategies for preventing childhood obesity. Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in China; a total of 40,197 parent-offspring pairs were included. Overweight/obesity was defined based on the body mass index and waist circumstance; the association of overweight/obesity between two generations was evaluated by multivariate and binary logistic regression and stratified analyses. Compared with the offspring who were free of parental overweight/obesity, the ORs of offspring with both parental overweight/obesity reached 2.66, 1.72 and 4.04 for general, simple abdominal and compound obesity. The offset effect of dietary behaviors was observed on the association between parental obesity and the offspring’s general or simple abdominal obesity, with non-significant ORs when parents or/and offspring had healthy dietary behaviors. It was difficult for a healthy diet alone to offset the high heritability and intergenerational transmission of childhood obesity caused by parental obesity. Multifaceted improvement of lifestyle behaviors, and a combination of individual and family engagement, could be targeted measures to control childhood obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary and Behavioral Strategies in Obesity Prevention and Weight Control)

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12 pages, 1034 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Smartphone Healthcare Application, CALO mama Plus, to Promote Weight Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Yoshio Nakata, Hiroyuki Sasai, Masahiko Gosho, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Yutong Shi, Tomohiro Ohigashi, Shinichiro Mizuno, Chiaki Murayama, Satomi Kobayashi and Yuki Sasaki

Nutrients 2022, 14(21), 4608; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14214608 - 2 Nov 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3364

Abstract

Mobile applications are increasingly used in healthcare. We have developed a smartphone healthcare application, CALO mama Plus, that can register daily diet, exercise, mood, and sleep quality, calculate dietary intake, and provide advice using artificial intelligence technology. This 3-month randomized controlled trial tested the hypothesis that CALO mama Plus could promote body weight reduction in Japanese adults with overweight or obesity. We recruited office workers as participants. The key eligibility criteria were an age of 20–65 years and a body mass index of 23–40 kg/m². The primary outcome was body weight change over 3 months. We enrolled 141 participants and randomly assigned them to the intervention (n = 72) and control (n = 69) groups. The intervention group used CALO mama Plus, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The change in body weight was −2.4 ± 4.0 kg and −0.7 ± 3.3 kg in the intervention and control groups, respectively. An analysis of covariance adjusted for related variables showed a significant between-group difference in body weight change (−1.60 kg; 95% confidence interval −2.83 to −0.38; p = 0.011). The present study suggests that CALO mama Plus effectively promotes weight loss. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary and Behavioral Strategies in Obesity Prevention and Weight Control)

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12 pages, 655 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Description of a Hybrid Mindfulness-Integrated Multidisciplinary Workplace Weight Management Intervention Module ‘Mind-SLIMSHAPE’ Using the TIDieR Checklist

by Siti Munirah Abdul Basir, Zahara Abdul Manaf, Fatin Hanani Mazri, Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin, Suzana Shahar and Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf

Nutrients 2022, 14(15), 3140; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14153140 - 29 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1793

Abstract

Published reports of workplace-based weight management interventions are often poorly described and are focused on dietary, physical, and behavioral management. These strategies are often unsustainable and only have short-term effectiveness. The Mind-SLIMSHAPE^TM is a mindfulness-integrated multidisciplinary intervention developed to address overweight and obesity problems among desk-bound employees while improving weight-related behavior through mindfulness meditation and mindful eating exercises. The integration of mindfulness and mindful eating aims to improve the individual’s focus on the present and heighten their sensitivity towards internal and external eating cues. The aim of this article is to describe the Mind-SLIMSHAPE^TM intervention program using The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist. The Mind-SLIMSHAPE^TM module is a 24-week intervention program that was delivered in a quasi-experimental study among employees with BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m² in a selected higher learning institution. The module was delivered via hybrid sessions that included both face-to-face and virtual online sessions. The novelty of our description includes summaries of each intervention component with its intensity, details of the theory grounded for this program, and the rationale for the intervention components. The Mind-SLIMSHAPE^TM module is ready to be implemented and replicated in a similar setting with possible refinement and enhancement of the mindfulness and mindful eating elements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary and Behavioral Strategies in Obesity Prevention and Weight Control)

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9 pages, 1701 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Masticatory Behaviors and Gender Differences in People with Obesity as Measured via an Earphone-Style Light-Sensor-Based Mastication Meter

by Nagisa Hidaka, Satoshi Kurose, Nana Takao, Takumi Miyauchi, Sachiko Nakajima, Sawako Yoshiuchi, Aya Fujii, Kazuhisa Takahashi, Hiromi Tsutsumi, Daiki Habu, Kazuhiro Taniguchi and Yutaka Kimura

Nutrients 2022, 14(14), 2990; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142990 - 21 Jul 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2133

Abstract

While people with obesity have been found to chew fewer times and for shorter durations, few studies have quantitatively evaluated mastication among this group. This study examined the relationship between the mastication characteristics of people with obesity and the factors correlated with obesity. To this end, 46 people with obesity and 41 healthy participants placed an earphone-style light sensor in the aperture of their outer ear. We also examined the partial correlation between this, their body composition, and various biochemical markers by gender. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) regarding the masticatory index, gender, and the presence/absence of obesity for all three food items revealed the main effects in the gender difference and the presence/absence of obesity. Additionally, the number of times the salad was chewed showed an interaction between the gender and the presence/absence of obesity. In the BMI-corrected partial correlation analysis of the chewing index and the glucose/lipid metabolism index, the chewing time and the number of chews of all the food items negatively correlated with hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-R) in the female obese group. These findings might be used in weight-loss interventions for men with obesity and treatments that target the metabolic function among women with obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary and Behavioral Strategies in Obesity Prevention and Weight Control)

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11 pages, 870 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Motivation and Limiting Factors for Adherence to Weight Loss Interventions among Patients with Obesity in Primary Care

by Nuria Trujillo-Garrido and María J. Santi-Cano

Nutrients 2022, 14(14), 2928; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142928 - 17 Jul 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2966

Abstract

The cornerstones of obesity management are diet, physical activity and behavioral change. However, there is considerable scientific evidence that lifestyle interventions to treat obesity are rarely implemented in primary care. The aim of this study is to analyze motivation to lose weight among patients with obesity, the resources implemented by primary care centers to promote behavioral change and the limiting factors reported by the patients themselves when attempting to lose weight. A total of 209 patients diagnosed with obesity were interviewed. The variables were obtained from both electronic clinical records (sex, age, BMI, diagnosis of metabolic syndrome and records of activities prescribed to promote behavioral change) and a self-administered personal questionnaire. A total of 67.5% of the respondents reported not having sufficient motivation to adhere to a weight loss program. Records of behavioral change activities were identified in only 3% of the clinical records reviewed. The barriers to adherence to diet and exercise plans most frequently mentioned by patients were not having a prescribed diet (27.8%), joint pain (17.7%), getting tired or bored of dieting (14.8%) and laziness (11.5%). Both the high percentage of patients reporting insufficient motivation to lose weight and the barriers to weight loss identified suggest that patients feel the need to improve their motivation, which should be promoted through primary care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary and Behavioral Strategies in Obesity Prevention and Weight Control)

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Other

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14 pages, 3517 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Effectiveness and Components of Web-Based Interventions on Weight Changes in Adults Who Were Overweight and Obese: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses

by Yutong Shi, Kyohsuke Wakaba, Kosuke Kiyohara, Fumi Hayashi, Kazuyo Tsushita and Yoshio Nakata

Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010179 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4183

Abstract

Overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an increased need for remote implementation of weight-loss interventions; therefore, the effectiveness of web-based interventions needed to be assessed. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of web-based interventions and their potency in facilitating weight changes in adults who were overweight or obese. We searched PubMed and Ichu-shi Web from the first year of inclusion in each database until the search date (30 September 2020). Among 1466 articles retrieved from the two databases and manual search, 97 were selected to undergo qualitative analysis and 51 articles were subjected to quantitative analysis. Qualitative analysis of 97 articles demonstrated that articles showing significant effectiveness mostly used the following components: social support, self-monitoring for behavior, self-monitoring for the outcome (weight), behavioral goal setting, information about health consequences, and outcome goal setting. Quantitative analysis of 51 articles showed a significant effectiveness of web-based intervention (standardized mean difference, −0.57; 95% confidence interval, −0.75 to −0.40). This study demonstrated the effectiveness of web-based interventions on weight change in adults with overweight and obesity. Subgroup meta-analyses identified personalized information provision and expert advice to be remarkably effective components. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary and Behavioral Strategies in Obesity Prevention and Weight Control)

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