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Nutrients
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The Effect of Nutrition and Lifestyle on Linear Growth, Body...
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The Effect of Nutrition and Lifestyle on Linear Growth, Body Composition and Metabolic Function in Children and Adolescents

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2023) | Viewed by 5875

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dalit Modan-Moses

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
2. The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
Interests: pediatric endocrinology; growth disorders; late effects of childhood cancer
Dr. Yael Levy-Shraga

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Pediatric endocrinology and diabetes unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra children's hospital, Sheba medical center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
2. Meuhedet Health Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
3. The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Interests: pediatric endocrinology; anorexia nervosa; bone density; estrogen therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are organizing a Special Issue to compile evidence on how lifestyle and nutrition regulate the linear growth, body composition and metabolic function in adolescents.

Adolescence is a critical period of development, characterized by somatic and psychological changes that occur as a consequence of gonadal steroid secretion. Alterations in nutritional status and physical activity during this period may affect linear growth and body composition, with long-term implications on health in later life.

Excess in caloric intake, reduced physical activity, and obesity may result in accelerated linear growth, advanced skeletal maturation, and earlier onset of puberty. Moreover, adiposity during adolescence has been associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular morbidity, and an increase in early mortality rates during adulthood, while cardiorespiratory fitness during adolescence is associated with a lower risk for cardiovascular disease during adulthood.

Conversely, under-nutrition due to poverty, malabsorption, chronic systemic diseases or self-induced food restriction (e.g., anorexia nervosa) results in impaired linear growth, delayed puberty, and impaired bone and muscle mass accrual, and has long-term implications for final adult height, bone health, and cognitive function, and on overall and reproductive health.

Deciphering the effects of nutritional and lifestyle interventions during adolescence on linear growth, body composition, and metabolic state can assist in developing strategies for optimizing growth and improving long-term health. However, there are still large data gaps regarding the effects of such interventions. In this Special Issue of Nutrients, we welcome original research articles (including animal and clinical studies) as well as review articles on the current state of research in this field.

Prof. Dr. Dalit Modan-Moses
Dr. Yael Levy-Shraga
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • overweight
  • obesity
  • underweight
  • undernutrition
  • anorexia nervosa
  • body composition
  • diet quality eating habits
  • exercise
  • physical activity
  • sedentary behaviors
  • lifestyle intervention

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3643 KiB  
Article
A Whey-Based Diet Can Ameliorate the Effects of LPS-Induced Growth Attenuation in Young Rats
by Chen Menahem, Michal Foist, Yasmin Mansour, Biana Shtaif, Meytal Bar-Maisels, Moshe Phillip and Galia Gat-Yablonski
Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 1823; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081823 - 10 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1537
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in childhood is associated with impaired growth. In the current study, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of inflammation in young rats was used to study the efficacy of whey-based as compared to soy-based diets to ameliorate growth attenuation. Young rats were injected [...] Read more.
Chronic inflammation in childhood is associated with impaired growth. In the current study, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of inflammation in young rats was used to study the efficacy of whey-based as compared to soy-based diets to ameliorate growth attenuation. Young rats were injected with LPS and fed normal chow or diets containing whey or soy as the sole protein source during treatment, or during the recovery period in a separate set of experiments. The body and spleen weight, food consumption, humerus length, and EGP height and structure were evaluated. Inflammatory markers in the spleen and markers of differentiation in the EGP were assessed using qPCR. The LPS led to a significant increase in the spleen weight and a decrease in the EGP height. Whey, but not soy, protected the animals from both effects. In the recovery model, whey led to increased EGP height at both 3 and 16 d post treatment. The most affected region in the EGP was the hypertrophic zone (HZ), which was significantly shortened by the LPS treatment but enlarged by whey. In conclusion, LPS affected the spleen weight and EGP height and had a specific effect on the HZ. Nutrition with whey protein appeared to protect the rats from the LPS-induced growth attenuation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Nutrition and Lifestyle on Linear Growth, Body Composition and Metabolic Function in Children and Adolescents)
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12 pages, 631 KiB  
Article
The Impact of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Micronutrient Intake and Status in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
by Neriya Levran, Noah Levek, Bruria Sher, Noah Gruber, Arnon Afek, Efrat Monsonego-Ornan and Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
Nutrients 2023, 15(6), 1418; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061418 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3949
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient and micronutrient intake and status in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) following the consumption of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD). Research Methods and Procedures: In a prospective intervention clinical trial, adolescents [...] Read more.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the macronutrient and micronutrient intake and status in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) following the consumption of a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD). Research Methods and Procedures: In a prospective intervention clinical trial, adolescents with T1DM using a continuous glucose monitoring device were enrolled. Following a cooking workshop, each participant received a personalized diet regime based on LCD (50–80 g carbohydrate/day). A Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered, and laboratory tests were taken before and 6 months following the intervention. Twenty participants were enrolled. Results: The median age was 17 years (15; 19), and the median diabetes duration was 10 years (8; 12). During the six-months intervention, carbohydrate intake decreased from 266 g (204; 316) to 87 g (68; 95) (p = 0.004). Energy intake, the energy percent from ultra-processed food, and fiber intake decreased (p = 0.001, p = 0.024, and p < 0.0001, respectively). These changes were accompanied by declines in BMI z-score (p = 0.019) and waist-circumference percentile (p = 0.007). Improvement was observed in the median HbA1c from 8.1% (7.5; 9.4) to 7.7% (6.9; 8.2) (p = 0.021). Significant declines below the DRI were shown in median intake levels of iron, calcium, vitamin B1, and folate. Conclusions: The LCD lowered ultra-processed food consumption, BMI z-scores and the indices of central obesity. However, LCDs require close nutritional monitoring due to the possibility of nutrient deficiencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Nutrition and Lifestyle on Linear Growth, Body Composition and Metabolic Function in Children and Adolescents)
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