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Nutrients
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Nutritional and Lifestyle Strategies for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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Nutritional and Lifestyle Strategies for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Lipids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2023) | Viewed by 12007

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xavier Capó

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Translational Research In Aging and Longevity (TRIAL) Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
Interests: exercise; oxidative stress; inflammatory
Dr. Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Group on Community Nutrition & Oxidative Stress, Balearic Islands Health Research Institute Foundation (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
Interests: exercise and inflammation; obesity; diet; nutrition; oxidative stress
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues

It is a great pleasure for us to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue concerning nutritional and lifestyle strategies to cope with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease in Western societies. It is characterized by the excessive accumulation of lipids, especially triglycerides, in the hepatocytes of the liver parenchyma and, consequently, it is strongly related to overweight, obesity, and insulin resistance. Its prevalence has been progressively increased in recent years, affecting about 20–30% of the global population, but it has 90% prevalence among obese individuals. If the pathological disorder is not appropriately treated, it can progress from NAFLD to the more advanced stage of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis, which can, ultimately, lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although the factors responsible for the onset and progression of hepatic steatosis are not well elucidated, lifestyle, genetics, immunity, and the gut microbiota may be involved. Lifestyle risk factors, such as smoking, unhealthy diet, and reduced physical activity, significantly increase the risk of hepatic steatosis. To date, there are no specific pharmacological therapies against NAFLD, but therapeutic approaches to fight against this disease are basically dietary and lifestyle modifications. Concretely, exercise and nutritional interventions are the first line of therapy, aimed at controlling body weight, metabolic syndrome, and cardio-metabolic risk factors.

On this basis, the current Special Issue aims to collect the most recent advances concerning nutritional and lifestyle interventions as a treatment for NAFLD. Therefore, we encourage the researchers to summit relevant manuscripts to this Special Issue in Nutrients.

Dr. Xavier Capó
Dr. Margalida Monserrat Mesquida
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • non-alcoholic fatty liver
  • liver disease
  • diet
  • lifestyle
  • physical activity
  • oxidative stress

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 1311 KiB  
Article
Effect of a Probiotic and a Synbiotic on Body Fat Mass, Body Weight and Traits of Metabolic Syndrome in Individuals with Abdominal Overweight: A Human, Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Clinical Study
by Christiane Laue, Ekaterina Papazova, Angelika Pannenbeckers and Jürgen Schrezenmeir
Nutrients 2023, 15(13), 3039; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15133039 - 5 Jul 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4676
Abstract
L. fermentum strains K7-Lb1, K8-Lb1 and K11-Lb3 were found to suppress Th1 and Th2 response and to enhance defensin release by enterocytes, respectively. Based on these anti-inflammatory actions, we investigated the effect of these strains on traits of metabolic syndrome, which is driven [...] Read more.
L. fermentum strains K7-Lb1, K8-Lb1 and K11-Lb3 were found to suppress Th1 and Th2 response and to enhance defensin release by enterocytes, respectively. Based on these anti-inflammatory actions, we investigated the effect of these strains on traits of metabolic syndrome, which is driven by low-grade inflammation. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial with three parallel arms, 180 individuals with abdominal overweight were administered for 3 months with (1) placebo; (2) probiotic, comprising L. fermentum strains; or (3) synbiotic, comprising the strains + acacia gum (10 g daily). The effects were evaluated using Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance on ranks and post hoc tests (Holm–Sidak and Dunn’s tests). The alteration (∆) in body fat mass (kg) (primary parameter) during intervention was significantly (p = 0.039) more pronounced in the Probiotic group (−0.61 ± 1.94; mean ± SD) compared with the Placebo group (+0.13 ± 1.64). Accordingly, differences were found in ∆ body weight (p = 0.012), BMI (p = 0.011), waist circumference (p = 0.03), waist-to-height ratio (p = 0.033), visceral adipose tissue (SAD) (p < 0.001) and liver steatosis grade (LSG) (p < 0.001), as assessed using sonography. In the Synbiotic group, ∆SAD (p = 0.002), ∆LSG (p < 0.001) and ∆constipation score (p = 0.009) were improved compared with Placebo. The probiotic mixture and the synbiotic improved the parameters associated with overweight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional and Lifestyle Strategies for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
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12 pages, 293 KiB  
Article
Higher Overall Intakes Are the Defining Feature of Dietary Intakes in NAFLD and Compared to the General Population
by Catherine Properzi, Leon A. Adams, Johnny Lo, Jill L. Sherriff, Gary P. Jeffrey and Therese A. O’Sullivan
Nutrients 2023, 15(12), 2669; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122669 - 8 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1587
Abstract
We aimed to compare the dietary intakes of Australian patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to general Australian population intake data and determine whether the intake of any nutrient or food group was able to predict the degree of steatosis. Dietary data [...] Read more.
We aimed to compare the dietary intakes of Australian patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to general Australian population intake data and determine whether the intake of any nutrient or food group was able to predict the degree of steatosis. Dietary data from fifty adult patients with NAFLD were compared to intake data from the Australian Health Survey for energy, macronutrients, fat sub-types, alcohol, iron, folate, sugar, fibre, sodium and caffeine. Linear regression models adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, physical activity and body mass index) were used to examine predictive relationships between hepatic steatosis (quantified via magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and dietary components. The mean percentage differences between NAFLD and Australian usual intakes were significant for energy, protein, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats (all p < 0.001). The contribution of fat and protein to total energy intake was significantly higher in the NAFLD cohort (p < 0.05). No individual nutrients or food groups were strongly related to hepatic fat in the adjusted models. Higher overall consumption appears to be a major feature of dietary intake in NAFLD when compared to the general population. A whole-diet approach to NAFLD treatment and prevention is likely to be more effective than focusing on single food components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional and Lifestyle Strategies for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
23 pages, 7141 KiB  
Article
Peonidin-3-O-Glucoside from Purple Corncob Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Mitochondrial and Lysosome Functions to Reduce Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
by Ruilin Hao, Shuhua Shan, Dandan Yang, Huimin Zhang, Yi Sun and Zhuoyu Li
Nutrients 2023, 15(2), 372; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15020372 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2421
Abstract
A frequent chronic liver condition across the world is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oxidative stress caused by lipid accumulation is generally considered to be the main cause of NAFLD. Anthocyanins can effectively inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species and improve oxidative [...] Read more.
A frequent chronic liver condition across the world is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oxidative stress caused by lipid accumulation is generally considered to be the main cause of NAFLD. Anthocyanins can effectively inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species and improve oxidative stress. In this work, six major anthocyanins were separated from purple corncob by semi-preparative liquid chromatography. The effects of the 6 kinds of anthocyanins against NAFLD were investigated using a free fatty acid (FFA)-induced cell model. The results showed that peonidin 3-O-glucoside (P3G) can significantly reduce lipid accumulation in the NAFLD cell model. The treatment with P3G also inhibited oxidative stress via inhibiting the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion, increasing glutathione levels, and enhancing the activities of SOD, GPX, and CAT. Further studies unveiled that treatment with P3G not only alleviated inflammation but also improved the depletion of mitochondrial content and damage of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain developed concomitantly in the cell model. P3G upregulated transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated lysosomal function and activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-mediated peroxisomal lipid oxidation by interacting with PPARα possibly. Overall, this study added to our understanding of the protective effects of purple corn anthocyanins against NAFLD and offered suggestions for developing functional foods containing these anthocyanins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional and Lifestyle Strategies for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
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17 pages, 3500 KiB  
Article
Exercise-Induced ADAR2 Protects against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through miR-34a
by Zhijing Wang, Yaru Zhu, Lu Xia, Jing Li, Meiyi Song and Changqing Yang
Nutrients 2023, 15(1), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15010121 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2807
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health problem that is closely associated with insulin resistance and hereditary susceptibility. Exercise is a beneficial approach to NAFLD. However, the relief mechanism of exercise training is still unknown. In this study, mice on a [...] Read more.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing health problem that is closely associated with insulin resistance and hereditary susceptibility. Exercise is a beneficial approach to NAFLD. However, the relief mechanism of exercise training is still unknown. In this study, mice on a normal diet or a high-fat diet (HFD), combined with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, hydrochloride (L-NAME) mice, were either kept sedentary or were subjected to a 12-week exercise running scheme. We found that exercise reduced liver steatosis in mice with diet-induced NAFLD. The hepatic adenosine deaminases acting on RNA 2 (ADAR2) were downregulated in NAFLD and were upregulated in the liver after 12-week exercise. Next, overexpression of ADAR2 inhibited and suppression promoted lipogenesis in HepG2 cells treated with oleic acid (OA), respectively. We found that ADAR2 could down-regulate mature miR-34a in hepatocytes. Functional reverse experiments further proved that miR-34a mimicry eliminated the suppression of ADAR2 overexpression in lipogenesis in vitro. Moreover, miR-34a inhibition and mimicry could also affect lipogenesis in hepatocytes. In conclusion, exercise-induced ADAR2 protects against lipogenesis during NAFLD by editing miR-34a. RNA editing mediated by ADAR2 may be a promising therapeutic candidate for NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional and Lifestyle Strategies for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease)
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