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Nutrients
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Nutrients Supporting an Active Lifestyle
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Nutrients Supporting an Active Lifestyle

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2021) | Viewed by 41628

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Aloys Berg

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Guest Editor
University Freiburg, Medical Faculty, D-79117 Freiburg, Germany
Interests: Physical activity as therapy in metabolic diseases; sports biochemistry; exercise immunology; sports nutrition
Prof. Dr. Hermann Toplak

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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
Interests: obesity and the metabolic syndrome; weight management; nutrition & nutrition behavior; lipid metabolism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Each person is unique and has his or her own individual lifestyle and needs. Regardless of this, however, there is the desire to be and remain fit and healthy. Regular physical activity and a health-orientated diet can help to achieve this, and as a duo they are the main proponents of a healthy lifestyle. What was initially dismissed as a fad is now becoming more and more a prerequisite for lifestyle recommendations; recommendations must be individual. They must take into account not only biological differences, but also educational and social factors. If recommendations are to help improve health, they must therefore be precise and goal-oriented, and they must also be practicable for the consumer and ultimately meet his or her interests. With this in mind, the Nutrients Special Issue entitled "Nutrients Supporting an Active Lifestyle" aims to provide the interested reader with current nutritional research.

Prof. Dr. Aloys Berg
Prof. Dr. Hermann Toplak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • healthy lifestyle
  • individualised food strategies
  • nutrition behaviour
  • protein intake
  • muscle mass
  • muscle stress

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 305 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Elevated Protein Intake on DNA Damage in Older People: Comparative Secondary Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled Trials
by Agnes Draxler, Bernhard Franzke, Johannes T. Cortolezis, Nicola A. Gillies, Sandra Unterberger, Rudolf Aschauer, Patrick A. Zöhrer, Laura Bragagna, Julia Kodnar, Eva-Maria Strasser, Oliver Neubauer, Pankaja Sharma, Sarah M. Mitchell, Nina Zeng, Farha Ramzan, Randall F. D’Souza, Scott O. Knowles, Nicole C. Roy, Anders M. Sjödin, Cameron J. Mitchell, Amber M. Milan, Barbara Wessner, David Cameron-Smith and Karl-Heinz Wagneradd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Nutrients 2021, 13(10), 3479; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103479 - 30 Sep 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3811
Abstract
A high protein intake at old age is important for muscle protein synthesis, however, this could also trigger protein oxidation with the potential risk for DNA damage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an increased protein intake at recommended level [...] Read more.
A high protein intake at old age is important for muscle protein synthesis, however, this could also trigger protein oxidation with the potential risk for DNA damage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an increased protein intake at recommended level or well above would affect DNA damage or change levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidised glutathione (GSSG) in community-dwelling elderly subjects. These analyses were performed in two randomized intervention studies, in Austria and in New Zealand. In both randomized control trials, the mean protein intake was increased with whole foods, in the New Zealand study (n = 29 males, 74.2 ± 3.6 years) to 1.7 g/kg body weight/d (10 weeks intervention; p < 0.001)) in the Austrian study (n = 119 males and females, 72.9 ± 4.8 years) to 1.54 g/kg body weight/d (6 weeks intervention; p < 0.001)). In both studies, single and double strand breaks and as formamidopyrimidine—DNA glycosylase-sensitive sites were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or whole blood. Further, resistance to H2O2 induced DNA damage, GSH, GSSG and CRP were measured. Increased dietary protein intake did not impact on DNA damage markers and GSH/GSSG levels. A seasonal-based time effect (p < 0.05), which led to a decrease in DNA damage and GSH was observed in the Austrian study. Therefore, increasing the protein intake to more than 20% of the total energy intake in community-dwelling seniors in Austria and New Zealand did not increase measures of DNA damage, change glutathione status or elevate plasma CRP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrients Supporting an Active Lifestyle)
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10 pages, 677 KiB  
Article
Continuous Protein Supplementation Reduces Acute Exercise-Induced Stress Markers in Athletes Performing Marathon
by Martin Röhling, David McCarthy and Aloys Berg
Nutrients 2021, 13(9), 2929; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13092929 - 24 Aug 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5763
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the changes in endurance performance and metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory markers induced by endurance stress (marathon race) in a combined strategy of training and dietary protein supplementation. The study was designed as a randomised controlled [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to determine the changes in endurance performance and metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory markers induced by endurance stress (marathon race) in a combined strategy of training and dietary protein supplementation. The study was designed as a randomised controlled trial consisting of regular endurance training without and with a daily intake of a soy protein-based supplement over a three-month period in 2 × 15 (10 males and 5 females per group) endurance-trained adults. Body composition (body mass, BMI, and fat mass) was determined, and physical fitness was measured by treadmill ergometry at baseline and after 3 months of intervention; changes in exercise-induced stress and inflammatory markers (CK, myoglobin, interleukin-6, cortisol, and leukocytes) were also determined before and after a marathon competition; eating behaviour was documented before and after intervention by a three-day diet diary. Although no significant influence on endurance performance was observed, the protein supplementation regime reduced the exercise-induced muscle stress response. Furthermore, a protein intake of ≥20% of total energy intake led to a lower-level stress reaction after the marathon race. In conclusion, supplementary protein intake may influence exercise-induced muscle stress reactions by changing cellular metabolism and inflammatory pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrients Supporting an Active Lifestyle)
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11 pages, 1933 KiB  
Article
Effects of a Protein-Rich, Low-Glycaemic Meal Replacement on Changes in Dietary Intake and Body Weight Following a Weight-Management Intervention—The ACOORH Trial
by Martin Röhling, Andrea Stensitzky, Camila L. P. Oliveira, Andrea Beck, Klaus Michael Braumann, Martin Halle, Dagmar Führer-Sakel, Kerstin Kempf, David McCarthy, Hans Georg Predel, Isabelle Schenkenberger, Hermann Toplak and Aloys Berg
Nutrients 2021, 13(2), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020376 - 26 Jan 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5161
Abstract
Although meal replacement can lead to weight reduction, there is uncertainty whether this dietary approach implemented into a lifestyle programme can improve long-term dietary intake. In this subanalysis of the Almased Concept against Overweight and Obesity and Related Health Risk (ACOORH) study ( [...] Read more.
Although meal replacement can lead to weight reduction, there is uncertainty whether this dietary approach implemented into a lifestyle programme can improve long-term dietary intake. In this subanalysis of the Almased Concept against Overweight and Obesity and Related Health Risk (ACOORH) study (n = 463), participants with metabolic risk factors were randomly assigned to either a meal replacement-based lifestyle intervention group (INT) or a lifestyle intervention control group (CON). This subanalysis relies only on data of participants (n = 119) who returned correctly completed dietary records at baseline, and after 12 and 52 weeks. Both groups were not matched for nutrient composition at baseline. These data were further stratified by sex and also associated with weight change. INT showed a higher increase in protein intake related to the daily energy intake after 12 weeks (+6.37% [4.69; 8.04] vs. +2.48% [0.73; 4.23], p < 0.001) of intervention compared to CON. Fat and carbohydrate intake related to the daily energy intake were more strongly reduced in the INT compared to CON (both p < 0.01). After sex stratification, particularly INT-women increased their total protein intake after 12 (INT: +12.7 g vs. CON: −5.1 g, p = 0.021) and 52 weeks (INT: +5.7 g vs. CON: −16.4 g, p = 0.002) compared to CON. Protein intake was negatively associated with weight change (r = −0.421; p < 0.001) after 12 weeks. The results indicate that a protein-rich dietary strategy with a meal replacement can improve long-term nutritional intake, and was associated with weight loss. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrients Supporting an Active Lifestyle)
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Review

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14 pages, 340 KiB  
Review
Potential Relevance of Bioactive Peptides in Sports Nutrition
by Daniel König, Jan Kohl, Simon Jerger and Christoph Centner
Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3997; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113997 - 10 Nov 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5833
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are physiologically active peptides mostly derived from proteins following gastrointestinal digestion, fermentation or hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes. It has been shown that bioactive peptides can be resorbed in their intact form and have repeatedly been shown to have a positive effect [...] Read more.
Bioactive peptides are physiologically active peptides mostly derived from proteins following gastrointestinal digestion, fermentation or hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes. It has been shown that bioactive peptides can be resorbed in their intact form and have repeatedly been shown to have a positive effect on health-related parameters such as hypertension, dyslipoproteinemia, inflammation and oxidative stress. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that biologically active peptides could also play an important role in sports nutrition. Current studies have shown that bioactive peptides could have a positive impact on changes in body composition and muscular performance, reduce muscle damage following exercise and induce beneficial adaptions within the connective tissue. In the following overview, potential mechanisms as well as possible limitations regarding the sports-related effect of bioactive peptides and their potential mechanisms are presented and discussed. In addition, practical applications will be discussed on how bioactive peptides can be integrated into a nutritional approach in sports to enhance athletic performance as well as prevent injuries and improve the rehabilitation process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrients Supporting an Active Lifestyle)
18 pages, 342 KiB  
Review
Weight Loss Strategies and the Risk of Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss
by David McCarthy and Aloys Berg
Nutrients 2021, 13(7), 2473; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072473 - 20 Jul 2021
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 19907
Abstract
With energy intake restriction and exercise remaining the key diet and lifestyle approaches to weight loss, this is not without potential negative implications for body composition, metabolic health, and quality and quantity of life. Ideally, weight loss should be derived almost exclusively from [...] Read more.
With energy intake restriction and exercise remaining the key diet and lifestyle approaches to weight loss, this is not without potential negative implications for body composition, metabolic health, and quality and quantity of life. Ideally, weight loss should be derived almost exclusively from the fat mass compartment as this is the main driver of metabolic disease, however, several studies have shown that there is an accompanying loss of tissue from the fat-free compartment, especially skeletal muscle. Population groups including post-menopausal women, the elderly, those with metabolic disease and athletes may be particularly at risk of skeletal muscle loss when following a weight management programme. Research studies that have addressed this issue across a range of population groups are reviewed with a focus upon the contribution of resistance and endurance forms of exercise and a higher intake dietary protein above the current guideline of 0.8 g/kg body weight/day. While findings can be contradictory, overall, the consensus appears that fat-free and skeletal muscle masses can be preserved, albeit to varying degrees by including both forms of exercise (but especially resistance forms) in the weight management intervention. Equally, higher intakes of protein can protect loss of these body compartments, acting either separately or synergistically with exercise. Elderly individuals in particular may benefit most from this approach. Thus, the evidence supports the recommendations for intakes of protein above the current guidelines of 0.8 g/kg body weight/d for the healthy elderly population to also be incorporated into the dietary prescription for weight management in this age group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrients Supporting an Active Lifestyle)
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