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Pediatric Nutrition and Obesity
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Pediatric Nutrition and Obesity

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2023) | Viewed by 7345

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jianduan Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, China
Interests: childhood obesity; interaction among diet/lifestyle and gene; obesity intervention RCT

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am delighted to announce the launch of a new Special Issue of the journal Nutrients, entitled “Pediatric Nutrition and Obesity”. Obesity is a leading risk factor for global mortality and disease burden. More and more evidence suggests the essential roles of early life factors in the development of obesity, particularly the nutritional exposure of children during their first years of life.

In this Special Issue of Nutrients, we focus on new advances in the association between maternal nutrition status and nutritional intakes during pregnancy, the composition of human/formula milk, infant and young child feeding practices, child diet and eating behaviors, and later obesity from childhood through to adulthood. We aim to provide a deeper understanding of the specific nutritional mechanisms involved and their interrelations in the association.

The contributions may include review articles, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, clinical case reports, and original papers of retrospective and longitudinal designs in relevant areas. Experimental studies are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Jianduan Zhang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • maternal nutrition
  • early nutritional intake
  • nutritional supplement
  • breastfeeding
  • feeding practice
  • early diet
  • diet behaviour
  • infancy
  • childhood
  • obesity

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 796 KiB  
Article
Association of Body Mass Index with Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Levels among 3227 Chinese Children Aged 2–18 Years
by Yang Li, Xinnan Zong, Yaqin Zhang, Jiayun Guo and Hui Li
Nutrients 2023, 15(8), 1849; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15081849 - 12 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1493
Abstract
Objectives: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels are affected by nutritional status, yet there is limited research exploring the association between body mass index (BMI) and IGF-1 levels among children. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3227 children aged 2–18 years without specific diseases, whose [...] Read more.
Objectives: Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels are affected by nutritional status, yet there is limited research exploring the association between body mass index (BMI) and IGF-1 levels among children. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3227 children aged 2–18 years without specific diseases, whose height, weight, and pubertal stages were measured and assessed by pediatricians. BMI standard deviation scores (BMISDS) were used to categorize children as underweight (BMISDS < −2); normal-weight (−2 ≤ BMISDS ≤ 1); overweight (1 < BMISDS ≤ 2); and obese (BMISDS > 2). Children were divided into low-level (<−0.67 SD) and nonlow-level (≥−0.67 SD) groups based on IGF-1 standard deviation scores (IGF-1SDS). The association between IGF-1 and BMI as categorical and continuous variables was explored by Binary logistic regression, the restrictive cubic spline model, and the generalized additive model. Models were adjusted by height and pubertal development. Recursive algorithm and multivariate piecewise linear regression were further utilized to assess the threshold of the smooth curve. Results: IGF-1 levels varied by BMI categories, with the highest levels observed in the overweight group. The proportion of low IGF-1 levels in underweight, normal-weight, overweight, and obese groups was 32.1%, 14.2%, 8.4%, and 6.5%, respectively. The risk odds of low IGF-1 levels in underweight children were 2.86-, 2.20-, and 2.25-fold higher than in children with normal weight before adjustment, after adjustment for height, and after adjustment for height and puberty, respectively. When analyzing the association between BMI and low IGF-1 levels, dose-response analysis demonstrated an inverted J-shaped relationship between BMISDS and low IGF-1 levels. Lower or higher BMISDS increased the odds of low IGF-1 levels, and significance was retained in underweight children but not in obese children. When BMI and IGF-1 levels were used as continuous variables, the relationship between the BMISDS and IGF-1SDS followed a nonlinear inverted U shape. IGF-1SDS increased with the increase of BMISDS (β = 0.174, 95% CI: 0.141 to 0.208, p < 0.01) when BMISDS was less than 1.71 standard deviation (SD) and decreased with the increase of BMISDS (β = −0.358, 95% CI: −0.474 to −0.241, p < 0.01) when BMISDS was greater than 1.71 SD. Conclusions: The relationship between BMI and IGF-1 levels was found to depend on the type of variable, and extremely low or high BMI values could result in a tendency toward low IGF-1 levels, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a normal BMI range for normal IGF-1 levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Nutrition and Obesity)
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22 pages, 8224 KiB  
Article
Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis Using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS Reveals Metabolic Changes Associated with Hypertension in Children
by Kexin Zhang, Yanyan Liu, Lingyun Liu, Baoling Bai, Lin Shi and Qin Zhang
Nutrients 2023, 15(4), 836; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040836 - 6 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2503
Abstract
The mechanism of hypertension in children remains elusive. The objective of this study was to analyze plasma metabolomics characteristics to explore the potential mechanism of hypertension in children. Serum samples from 29 control children, 38 children with normal body mass index and simple [...] Read more.
The mechanism of hypertension in children remains elusive. The objective of this study was to analyze plasma metabolomics characteristics to explore the potential mechanism of hypertension in children. Serum samples from 29 control children, 38 children with normal body mass index and simple hypertension (NBp), 8 children overweight with simple hypertension (OBp), 37 children with normal body mass index and H-type hypertension (NH) and 19 children overweight with H-type hypertension (OH) were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics. A total of 1235 differential metabolites were identified between children with hypertension and normal controls, of which 193 metabolites including various lipids were significantly expressed. Compared with the control group, 3-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, oleic acid and linoleic acid were up-regulated, and gamma-muricholic acid was down-regulated in the NBp group; 3-dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 4-acetamidobutanoate and 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadecadienoyl-sn-glyero-3-phosphocholine were up-regulated in the OBp group, whereas adenosine and 1-myristoyl-sn-glyero-3-phosphocholine were down-regulated; in the NH group, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, phenol and 3-methoxytyramine were up-regulated, while pentadecanoic acid was down-regulated; in the OH group, NG,NG-dimethyl-L-arginine, 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and monoethyl phthalate were up-regulated, while phloretin and glycine were down-regulated. The results showed that the children with hypertension had obvious disorders of lipid metabolism (especially in the overweight hypertension group), which led to the occurrence of hypertension. Additionally, the concentration of NO production-related NG, NG-dimethyl-L-arginine, was significantly increased, which may play an important role in H-type hypertension in children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Nutrition and Obesity)
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21 pages, 629 KiB  
Systematic Review
Factors Associated with Eating in the Absence of Hunger among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
by Catherine Savard, Stéphanie Bégin and Véronique Gingras
Nutrients 2022, 14(22), 4715; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14224715 - 9 Nov 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2727
Abstract
Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) has been extensively studied over the past two decades and has been associated with excess body weight and the development of obesity. However, determinants of EAH remain uncertain. This systematic review aims to identify individual, familial, [...] Read more.
Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) has been extensively studied over the past two decades and has been associated with excess body weight and the development of obesity. However, determinants of EAH remain uncertain. This systematic review aims to identify individual, familial, and environmental factors associated with EAH among children and adolescents. We included studies with a measure of EAH in participants aged 3–17 years old and including ≥1 factor associated with EAH. Our search identified 1494 articles. Of these, we included 81 studies: 53 cross-sectional, 19 longitudinal and nine intervention studies. In childhood (≤12 years old), EAH increases with age, it is greater in boys compared to girls, and it is positively associated with adiposity. Moreover, EAH development seems to be influenced by genetics. In adolescence, the number of studies is limited; yet, studies show that EAH slightly increases or remains stable with age, is not clearly different between sexes, and findings for overweight or obesity are less consistent across studies in adolescence. For familial factors, parental restrictive feeding practices are positively associated with EAH during childhood, mostly for girls. Studies assessing environmental factors are lacking and robust longitudinal studies spanning from early childhood to adolescence are needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Nutrition and Obesity)
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