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Nutrients
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Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Obesity: Influence of the...
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Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Obesity: Influence of the Diet, Impact of the Serum Lipid Profile and Nutritional Status

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 February 2025 | Viewed by 1812

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jaime Ruiz-Tovar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Escuela Universitaria de Enfermería y Fisioterapia San Juan de Dios, Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, Madrid, Spain
2. Obesity Unit, Garcilaso Clinic, Madrid, Spain
Interests: obesity; bariatric surgery; liver disease; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Adipose tissue is subjected to a state of chronic inflammation capable of secreting adipokines. This has made it possible to establish an association between metabolic alterations leading to triglyceride accumulation and hepatic inflammation, and has reinforced the role of hepatocellular lipotoxicity in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

The type of diet a person eats has been shown to be associated not only with the development of obesity, but also with fat accumulation in the liver parenchyma independently of body adiposity. The gold standard for the diagnosis of NAFLD is liver biopsy, but since it is an invasive technique, it is not routinely performed. Therefore, a diagnosis of suspicion can be made via imaging tests (ultrasound, MR, elastography, etc.) or even biochemical markers that can be determined from a routine analysis.

Dr. Jaime Ruiz-Tovar
Guest Editor

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • liver steatosis
  • non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • NAFLD
  • obesity
  • body mass index
  • adipokines
  • diet

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 461 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Morbidly Obese Women Undergoing Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, following a Postoperative Mediterranean-like Diet
by Jaime Ruiz-Tovar, Carolina Llavero, Maria Rodriguez-Ortega, Nuria M. De Castro, Maria Cristina Martín-Crespo, Gema Escobar-Aguilar, Ana Martin-Nieto and Gilberto Gonzalez
Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2280; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142280 - 16 Jul 2024
Viewed by 838
Abstract
(1) Background: Bariatric surgery has demonstrated the capacity to improve metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with morbid obesity. In addition, the Mediterranean diet contains anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-fibrotic components, promoting a beneficial effect on MAFLD. This study aimed to assess the [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Bariatric surgery has demonstrated the capacity to improve metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in patients with morbid obesity. In addition, the Mediterranean diet contains anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-fibrotic components, promoting a beneficial effect on MAFLD. This study aimed to assess the improvement of MAFLD, specifically liver steatosis, in morbidly obese patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and following a hypocaloric Mediterranean-like diet. (2) Methods: A prospective observational pilot study of 20 patients undergoing RYGB was conducted. The participants underwent a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study 2 weeks before the surgical act and one year postoperatively to assess the percentage of lipid content (PLC). The adherence to the Mediterranean diet was determined by the KIDMED test 1 year after surgery. (3) Results: Mean baseline PLC was 14.2 ± 9.4%, and one year after surgery, it decreased to 4.0 ± 1.8% (p < 0.001). A total of 12 patients (60%) were within the range of moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet, whereas 8 patients (40%) showed a high adherence. The patients with high adherence to the Mediterranean diet presented significantly lower values of postoperative PLC. (4) Conclusions: Liver steatosis significantly reduces after RYGB. This reduction is further improved when associated with a high adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Obesity: Influence of the Diet, Impact of the Serum Lipid Profile and Nutritional Status)
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13 pages, 1228 KiB  
Article
The Associations between Healthy Eating Patterns and Risk of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Case–Control Study
by Xia Huang, Da Gan, Yahui Fan, Qihui Fu, Cong He, Wenjian Liu, Feng Li, Le Ma, Mingxu Wang and Wei Zhang
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1956; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121956 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 653
Abstract
Background: Although several epidemiological studies have identified an inverse association between healthy dietary patterns and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), little is known about the contribution of the food component to MASLD risk and the association between dietary [...] Read more.
Background: Although several epidemiological studies have identified an inverse association between healthy dietary patterns and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), little is known about the contribution of the food component to MASLD risk and the association between dietary patterns and severity of MASLD. This study aimed to investigate the association between healthy eating patterns and MASLD risk and severity of MASLD. Methods: A case–control study including 228 patients diagnosed with MASLD and 228 controls was conducted. The modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and Alternative Mediterranean Diet (AMED) score were evaluated based on information collected via a validated food-frequency questionnaire. MASLD was confirmed if participants presented with ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver diseases along with at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors and no other discernible cause. The logistic regression models were applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of MASLD for dietary scores. Results: Compared with participants in the lowest tertile, those in the highest tertile of AHEI had a 60% reduced risk of MASLD (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.25–0.66). Similar associations were also observed for DASH and AMED, with ORs comparing extreme tertiles of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.22–0.66) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.28–0.73), respectively. Further Stratified analysis revealed that the inverse associations between AHEI and DASH with MASLD risks were stronger among women than men, and the inverse associations between AMED and MASLD risks were more pronounced among participants with normal weight (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.09–0.49). For components within the dietary score, every one-point increase in vegetable score and whole grain score within the AHEI was associated with an 11% (95% CI: 5–16%) and a 6% (95% CI: 0–12%) lower MASLD risk, respectively. Similar inverse associations with those scores were observed for the DASH and AMED. Conclusion: Greater adherence to healthy eating patterns was associated with reduced risk of MASLD, with vegetables and whole grains predominately contributing to these associations. These findings suggested that healthy eating patterns should be recommended for the prevention of MASLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Obesity: Influence of the Diet, Impact of the Serum Lipid Profile and Nutritional Status)
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