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Bioactive Compounds from Food in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Phytochemicals and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 April 2024) | Viewed by 6115

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Dr. Hércia Martino

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Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Purdue, s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
Interests: bioactive compounds; high-fat diet; whey protein; gut microbiota; metabolic control; inflammation; oxidative stress

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic non-communicable diseases are based on local and systemic metabolic alterations, which can be controlled by bioactive compounds that activate as well as multiply defense cells from the immune system and mainly promote anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant effects. Therefore, bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, carotenoids, fibers, and others, can act as targeted metabolical modulators, as seen in animal and clinical trials, reinforced by systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Many bioactive compounds have been elucidated and had their actions described, such as improving metabolic changes, lipid profiles, and the intestinal microbiome, as well as decreasing oxidative stress, inflammation, and glycose levels; however, although these compounds have promising effects in metabolic disease, new studies are necessary to establish the dose–response relationship, time required for exposure, and potential side effects, in order to ensure the effectiveness and safety of their use, reducing the development of chronic diseases. Thus, the aim of this Special Issue is to provide new insights on the dose–response of bioactive compounds’ mechanisms and functions in maintaining optimal health and disease prevention/treatment. The Guest Editor welcome original contributions, epidemiological studies, narratives, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses.

Dr. Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
Guest Editor

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Keywords

non-communicable disease
oxidative stress
inflammation
intestinal microbiota
functional foods

Published Papers (3 papers)

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15 pages, 739 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Low-Calorie Sweetener Restriction on Glycemic Variability and Cardiometabolic Health in Children with Type 1 Diabetes: Findings of a Pilot and Feasibility Study

by Allison C. Sylvetsky, Hailey R. Moore, Xinyu Zhu, Jasmine H. Kaidbey, Leyi Kang, Abbas Saeed, Shazmeena Khattak, Mariana F. Grilo, Natalie Vallone, Janae Kuttamperoor, Fran R. Cogen, Angelo Elmi, Peter J. Walter, Hongyi Cai, Loretta DiPietro, Michael I. Goran and Randi Streisand

Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3867; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183867 - 5 Sep 2023

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Abstract

Low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) are commonly consumed by children with type 1 diabetes (T1D), yet their role in cardiometabolic health is unclear. This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of 12 weeks of LCS restriction among children with T1D. Children (n = 31) with T1D completed a two-week run-in (n = 28) and were randomly assigned to avoid LCS (LCS restriction, n = 15) or continue their usual LCS intake (n = 13). Feasibility was assessed using recruitment, retention, and adherence rates percentages. Acceptability was assessed through parents completing a qualitative interview (subset, n = 15) and a satisfaction survey at follow-up. Preliminary outcomes were between-group differences in change in average daily time-in-range (TIR) over 12 weeks (primary), and other measures of glycemic variability, lipids, inflammatory biomarkers, visceral adiposity, and dietary intake (secondary). Linear regression, unadjusted and adjusted for age, sex, race, and change in BMI, was used to compare mean changes in all outcomes between groups. LCS restriction was feasible and acceptable. No between-group differences in change in TIR or other measures of glycemic variability were observed. However, significant decreases in TNF-alpha (−0.23 ± 0.08 pg/mL) and improvements in cholesterol (−0.31 ± 0.18 mmol/L) and LDL (−0.60 ± 0.39 mmol/L) were observed with usual LCS intake, compared with LCS restriction. Those randomized to LCS restriction did not report increases in total or added sugar intake, and lower energy intake was reported in both groups (−190.8 ± 106.40 kcal LCS restriction, −245.3 ± 112.90 kcal usual LCS intake group). Decreases in percent energy from carbohydrates (−8.5 ± 2.61) and increases in percent energy from protein (3.2 ± 1.16) and fat (5.2 ± 2.02) were reported with usual LCS intake compared with LCS restriction. Twelve weeks of LCS restriction did not compromise glycemic variability or cardiometabolic outcomes in this small sample of youth with T1D. Further examination of LCS restriction among children with T1D is warranted. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Food in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases)

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17 pages, 2489 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Consumption of Extruded Sorghum SC319 Improved Gut Microbiota at Genus Level and Reduced Anthropometric Markers in Men with Overweight: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

by Haira Lúcio, Pamella Anunciação, Barbara da Silva, Alessandra da Silva, Valéria Queiroz, Carlos de Carvalho, Helena Pinheiro-Sant’Ana and Hercia Martino

Nutrients 2023, 15(17), 3786; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173786 - 30 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1327

Abstract

Background: Sorghum is a cereal source of energy, carbohydrates, resistant starch, proanthocyanidins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanins; it promotes satiety by slowing digestion and benefits intestinal health. Objective: This study investigated the effects of extruded sorghum SC319 consumption on intestinal health, weight loss, and inflammatory markers in men with overweight. Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial. Twenty-one men were randomly allocated into one of two groups: the sorghum group (test), which received 40 g of extruded SC319 whole sorghum (n = 10), or the wheat group (control), which received 38 g of extruded whole wheat (n = 11) for eight weeks. Results: The sorghum consumption increased the weight loss intragroup, decreased the body fat percentage intergroup, and did not change inflammatory markers, while the wheat group had increased IL-6 levels compared to baseline. Short-chain fatty acid production, fecal pH, and α and β diversity indexes did not differ intra- and intergroup after interventions. However, sorghum consumption decreased genus levels of Clostridium_sensu_stricto 1, Dorea, and Odoribacter and increased CAG-873 and Turicibacter compared to baseline. Further, sorghum showed a tendency (p = 0.07) to decrease the proteobacteria phyla compared to wheat. Conclusion: Extruded sorghum SC319 improved intestinal microbiota and body composition and promoted weight loss, demonstrating its prebiotic potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Food in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases)

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14 pages, 1444 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Effects of Flavonoids on Skeletal Muscle Mass, Muscle Function, and Physical Performance in Individuals with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

by Cong Wu and Katsuhiko Suzuki

Nutrients 2023, 15(18), 3897; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15183897 - 7 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2350

Abstract

Sarcopenia has become a significant obstacle to healthy aging in older adults. Flavonoids may contribute to treating sarcopenia, and attenuate the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function, however, their benefits in sarcopenic individuals remain unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of flavonoids on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in adults with sarcopenia based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This review was conducted in conformity with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The article search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science databases, and Google Scholar for the period until June 2023. RCTs that assessed the effects of flavonoids/flavonoids combined with other supplementation/flavonoid-rich supplementations on skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in adults diagnosed with sarcopenia before intervention were included. From the 309 articles found, a total of 6 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. RCTs evaluated the main outcomes of tea catechins, epicatechin, and isoflavones intervention. Skeletal muscle mass significantly increased in three studies, muscle strength significantly elevated in two studies, and physical performance significantly improved in two studies. The majority of studies (five in six) found at least one of the main outcomes is elevated by flavonoids intervention. Flavonoids may have a great potential to treat sarcopenia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Food in the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases)

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