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Vitamin D Deficiency and Supplementation in Human Metabolic Diseases

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Micronutrients and Human Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2024) | Viewed by 6263

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Karin Amrein

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Guest Editor

Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
Interests: intensive care; endocrinology; vitamin D; hypoparathyroidism; iron deficiency; women in science
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Astrid Fahrleitner-Pammer

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Guest Editor

Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Interests: endocrinology; osteology; diabetes

Dr. Christina Geiger

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Co-Guest Editor

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
Interests: vitamin D; vitamin

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vitamin D is an important steroid hormone for human skeletal and non-skeletal health. There are many risk groups for vitamin D deficiency in the general population, specifically in patients with chronic diseases. However, there is still controversy regarding the true value of vitamin D from both sides: those who argue that a sufficient amount of vitamin D will prevent most diseases, and those who argue that vitamin D is overrated. The truth lies between these two extremes; therefore, it is important to continue with high-quality research and work on strategies for universally implementing the facts that we already know into clinical routine.

In this Special Issue, we are looking for original reports, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, cost-effectiveness analyses, and even extraordinary case reports on the topic of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation in human metabolic diseases (including, but not limited to, prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, hypo- and hyperparathyroidism, and thyroid disease). We are also interested in effect size analyses, public health strategies, and fortification strategies across the globe and are looking forward to receiving high-quality submissions that will undergo a fair but strict review process.

Dr. Karin Amrein
Dr. Astrid Fahrleitner-Pammer
Dr. Christina Geiger
Guest Editors

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Keywords

vitamin D (active/native)
prediabetes
metabolic syndrome
obesity
parathyroid disease
thyroid disease
effect size
meta-analysis
public health strategies
fortification

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1015 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutritional Behavior of Patients with Bone Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study from Austria

by Daniel A. Kraus, Amadea Medibach, Martina Behanova, Annemarie Kocijan, Judith Haschka, Jochen Zwerina and Roland Kocijan

Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1920; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121920 - 18 Jun 2024

Viewed by 708

Abstract

Background: A balanced diet rich in calcium and protein is recommended for bone-healthy people and osteoporosis patients, but it may also be important for rare bone disease (RBD). Little data is available on RBD and diet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional behavior of patients with RBD. Methods: This single-center, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study assessed the nutritional behavior of RBD patients (X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), hypophosphatasia (HPP)), osteoporosis (OPO) patients and healthy controls (CTRL). The nutritional questionnaire comprised 25 questions from seven nutritional areas. The associations between socioeconomic factors and BMI were assessed by age-adjusted univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: Fifty patients with RBD (17 OI, 17 HPP, 16 XLH; mean age of 48.8 ± 15.9, 26.0% male, mean BMI 26.2 ± 5.6), 51 with OPO (mean age 66.6 ± 10.0, 9.8% male, mean BMI 24.2 ± 3.9) and 52 CTRL (mean age 50.8 ± 16.3, 26.9% male, mean BMI 26.4 ± 4.7) participated. Twenty-six (52.0%) RBD, 17 (33.4%) OPO and 24 (46.1%) CTRL were overweight or obese according to BMI. Only a minority of RBD, OPO and CTRL had a daily intake of at least three portions of milk or milk products (17.3% RBD, 15.6% OPO, 11.6% CTRL, p = 0.453). In general, similar nutritional behavior was observed between the three subgroups. However, significant differences were found in caffeine consumption (p = 0.016), fruit/vegetable juice consumption (p = 0.034), portions of fish per week (p = 0.044), high-fat meals per week (p = 0.015) and consumption of salty snacks (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Nutritional counseling, controlling BMI and ensuring sufficient calcium and protein intake are crucial in patients with osteoporosis as well as in rare bone diseases. Vitamin D does not appear to be sufficiently supplied by the diet, and therefore supplementation should be considered in patients with bone diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D Deficiency and Supplementation in Human Metabolic Diseases)

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12 pages, 273 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Increased Early Postoperative Complication Rate after Osteoporotic Hip Fracture in Patients with Low 25 (OH) Vitamin D Levels

by Andrea Fink, Paul Puchwein, Astrid Fahrleitner-Pammer, Michael Eder-Halbedl and Gerwin Alexander Bernhardt

Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1917; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121917 - 18 Jun 2024

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Abstract

This study investigated the association of preoperative 25-hydroxy (25 (OH)) vitamin D levels with postoperative complications in osteoporotic hip fracture patients following surgery. We hypothesized that patients with low concentrations of 25 (OH) vitamin D might have an increased risk of developing adverse outcomes. Between January 2019 and December 2020, a retrospective observational study was conducted, including low-energy fragility fractures at the proximal femur. Regarding preoperative 25 (OH) vitamin D levels, patients were divided into two groups (<30 ng/mL and ≥30 ng/mL). Early and late postoperative complications were assessed and graded according to the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Logistic regression analysis was performed to demonstrate the association between preoperative 25 (OH) vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL, ≥30 ng/mL) and postoperative complications after adjusting for age and sex. Of 314 patients, 222 patients (70.7%) had a 25 (OH) vitamin D level of <30 ng/mL. The mean serum 25 (OH) vitamin D level was 22.6 ng/mL (SD 13.2). In 116 patients (36.9%), postoperative complications were observed, with the most occurring in the short term (95 patients, 30.2%). Late postoperative complications were present in 21 patients (6.7%), most graded as Clavien I (57.1%). Logistic regression analysis identified a low vitamin D level (<30 ng/mL) as an independent risk factor for early postoperative complications (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.14–3.73, p = 0.016), while no significant correlation was found in late complications (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.40–2.95, p = 0.879). In conclusion, preoperative 25 (OH) vitamin D serum level might be an independent predictor for early postoperative complications. However, future studies are warranted to determine risk factors for long-term complications and establish appropriate intervention strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D Deficiency and Supplementation in Human Metabolic Diseases)

11 pages, 466 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Intravenous Iron Substitution on Serum Phosphate Levels and Bone Turnover Markers—An Open-Label Pilot Study

by Alexandra Struppe, Jakob E. Schanda, Andreas Baierl, Paul Watzl and Christian Muschitz

Nutrients 2023, 15(12), 2693; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15122693 - 9 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1623

Abstract

The association between intravenous iron substitution therapy and hypophosphatemia was previously reported in patients with iron deficiency anemia. However, the extent of hypophosphatemia is thought to depend on the type of iron supplementation. We hypothesized that the intravenous application of ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose leads to a different longitudinal adaptation in serum phosphate levels. In this open-label pilot study, a total of 20 patients with inflammatory bowel diseases or iron deficiency anemia were randomly assigned to one of two study groups (group 1: ferric carboxymaltose, n = 10; group 2: iron sucrose, n = 10). Serum values were controlled before iron substitution therapy, as well as 2, 4, and 12 weeks after the last drug administration. The primary objective of the study was the longitudinal evaluation of serum phosphate levels after iron substitution therapy with ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose. The secondary objective was the longitudinal investigation of calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), intact parathyroid hormone, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), beta-CrossLaps (CTX), hemoglobin (Hb), iron, ferritin, and transferrin saturation levels. Two weeks after drug administration, phosphate levels were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in group 1 and ferritin levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in group 1. Phosphate levels (0.8–1.45 mmol/L) were below the therapeutic threshold and ferritin levels (10–200 ng/mL for women and 30–300 ng/mL for men) were above the therapeutic threshold in group 1. P1NP (15–59 µg/L) and CTX (<0.57 ng/mL) levels were above the therapeutic threshold in group 2. Four weeks after drug administration, significant differences were still observed between both study groups for phosphate (p = 0.043) and ferritin (p = 0.0009). All serum values except for Hb were within the therapeutic thresholds. Twelve weeks after drug administration, no differences were observed in all serum values between both study groups. Hb values were within the therapeutic threshold in both study groups. Serum 25(OH)D levels did not differ between both study groups throughout the whole study period and remained within the therapeutic threshold. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D Deficiency and Supplementation in Human Metabolic Diseases)

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10 pages, 273 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vitamin D Deficiency and Carotid Media-Intima Thickness in Childhood Cancer Survivors

by Eryk Latoch, Kacper Kozłowski, Katarzyna Konończuk, Beata Żelazowska-Rutkowska, Monika Tomczuk-Ostapczuk, Maryna Krawczuk-Rybak and Katarzyna Muszyńska-Rosłan

Nutrients 2023, 15(10), 2333; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102333 - 16 May 2023

Viewed by 1388

Abstract

Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are predisposed to developing numerous late effects of anticancer treatment later in life. The existing literature suggests that vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may influence cardiovascular abnormalities and metabolic diseases. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of VDD among childhood cancer survivors and examine the association of vitamin D deficiency and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT). The study comprised 111 childhood cancer survivors (62 males, 49 females) with a median follow-up time of 6.14 years. Vitamin D status was determined by measuring serum 25(OH)D levels using the automatic immunoenzymatic method. Ultrasonography of the common carotid artery (CCA), the carotid bulb, and the proximal part of the internal carotid artery (ICA) was conducted. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was detected in 69.4% of CCS. A higher parathormone level and increased BMI were observed among VDD survivors. No effects of type of diagnosis, radiotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on vitamin D status were observed. Our findings reveal that survivors with VDD exhibited significantly greater thickness in the CCA and carotid bulb. In conclusion, the results of our study of childhood cancer survivors demonstrate that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in up to 70% of individuals. We did not confirm the hypothesis that factors related to anticancer treatment used during childhood contributed to the higher prevalence of VDD. Additionally, we did not verify the contribution of vitamin D deficiency to the increase in IMT thickness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D Deficiency and Supplementation in Human Metabolic Diseases)

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10 pages, 652 KiB

Open AccessReview

Vitamin D, the Sunshine Molecule That Makes Us Strong: What Does Its Current Global Deficiency Imply?

by Paolo Riccio

Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2015; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132015 - 26 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1399

Abstract

Vitamin D₃ deficiency and insufficiency are becoming a common global issue for us, especially in the most industrially developed countries. The only acknowledged activity of vitamin D₃ in vertebrates is to promote the absorption of calcium and, therefore, allow for the mineralization of bones. Accordingly, its deficiency is associated with diseases such as rickets. Other numerous vital functions associated with vitamin D₃ are yet to be considered, and the function of vitamin D₂ in plants is unknown. Thus, 100 years after its discovery, the importance of vitamin D still seems to be unacknowledged (except for rickets), with little attention given to its decrease throughout the world. In this review, I suggest that vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency may be linked to the westernized lifestyle in more developed countries. Furthermore, I suggest that, rather than the calcemic activity, the main function of vitamin D is, in general, that of strengthening living organisms. I conclude with the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency may represent a marker for a greater risk of chronic inflammatory diseases and a shorter life expectancy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vitamin D Deficiency and Supplementation in Human Metabolic Diseases)

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