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Nutrients
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Diet and Post-prandial Metabolism
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Diet and Post-prandial Metabolism

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 20540

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Federico Mallo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
Interests: incretins; GLP-1; gut hormones; metabolism; liver; lung endocrinology; neuroendocrinology; food intake regulation; perinatal stress; obesity
Dr. Yolanda Diz-Chaves

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Laboratory of Endocrinology. Biomedical Research Centre (CINBIO). University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
Interests: incretins; GLP-1; gut hormones; metabolism; liver; neuroendocrinology; food intake regulation; perinatal stress

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

 

Food intake starts up a complex network of endocrine signals to modulate the processing of food components and energy metabolism. The mechanisms underlying the adapting responses include specific receptors in the surface of cells facing the gut lumen, paracrine signaling in the intestinal mucosa, the activation of intramural gut nervous plexus, afferent hormonal and neural signaling to the central nervous system, and efferent responses affecting gut, liver, and pancreas, adipose tissues, and muscles. In recent years, increasing information has arisen about how different components of food such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins interact with this panoply of elements, eliciting metabolic adaptive responses to the total amount energy and specific energy substrates. The role of insulin in the first endocrine responses to food intake is well known, pushing the whole organism to the anabolic state of metabolism. However, many other intestinal hormones may have a very relevant role complementing the effect of insulin. Incretins, in addition to their insulinotropic effects, are emerging as starring actors directly modulating the metabolism of numerous cells and organs, including adipose tissue, muscles, liver, heart, lungs, and CNS. Similarly, ghrelin is an important anabolic hormone link to meals. IGFs and IGF-BPs have significant effects in complementing the energy metabolism of carbohydrates in peripheral tissues. In the end, all these signals also contribute to regulate the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the gut and modulate the efficiency of the digestive processing. This might explain why changes in total energy intake or the proportion of different energy substrates in the diet change metabolism to promote/prevent metabolic diseases such as obesity or diabetes.

Dr. Federico Mallo
Dr. Yolanda Diz-Chaves
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Diet
  • Energy metabolism
  • Gut hormones
  • Metabolic diseases
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1510 KiB  
Article
Effects of Reduced Carbohydrate Intake after Sprint Exercise on Breath Acetone Level
by Naoki Ota, Hiroto Ito and Kazushige Goto
Nutrients 2021, 13(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010058 - 27 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2153
Abstract
Assessment of breath acetone level may be an alternative procedure to evaluate change in fat metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of insufficient carbohydrate (CHO) intake after sprint exercise on breath acetone level during post-exercise. Nine subjects [...] Read more.
Assessment of breath acetone level may be an alternative procedure to evaluate change in fat metabolism. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of insufficient carbohydrate (CHO) intake after sprint exercise on breath acetone level during post-exercise. Nine subjects conducted two trials, consisting of either reduced CHO trial (LOW trial) or normal CHO trial (NOR trial). In each trial, subjects visited to laboratory at 7:30 following an overnight fast to assess baseline breath acetone level. They commenced repeated sprint exercise from 17:00. After exercise, isoenergetic meals with different doses of CHO (LOW trial; 18% for CHO, 27% for protein, 55% for fat, NOR trial; 58% for CHO, 14% for protein, 28% for fat) were served. Breath acetone level was also monitored immediately before and after exercise, 1 h, 3 h, 4 h, and 15 h (on the following morning) after completing exercise. A significant higher breath acetone level was observed in LOW trial than in NOR trial 4 h after completion of exercise (NOR trial; 0.66 ppm, LOW trial; 0.9 ppm). However, breath acetone level did not differ on the following morning between two trials. Therefore, CHO intake following an exhaustive exercise affects breath acetone level during early phase of post-exercise. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Post-prandial Metabolism)
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24 pages, 19853 KiB  
Article
Distinct Postprandial Bile Acids Responses to a High-Calorie Diet in Men Volunteers Underscore Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Phenotypes
by Antonin Lamaziere, Dominique Rainteau, Pukar KC, Lydie Humbert, Emilie Gauliard, Farid Ichou, Maharajah Ponnaiah, Nadine Bouby, Joe-Elie Salem, Jean-Maurice Mallet, Maryse Guerin and Philippe Lesnik
Nutrients 2020, 12(11), 3545; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113545 - 19 Nov 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2426
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) regulate dietary lipid hydrolysis and absorption in the proximal intestine. Several studies have highlighted a determinant role of circulating levels and/or metabolism of BAs in the pathogenesis of major cardiometabolic diseases. Whether changes in BA profiles are causative or are [...] Read more.
Bile acids (BAs) regulate dietary lipid hydrolysis and absorption in the proximal intestine. Several studies have highlighted a determinant role of circulating levels and/or metabolism of BAs in the pathogenesis of major cardiometabolic diseases. Whether changes in BA profiles are causative or are consequence of these diseases remains to be determined. Healthy male volunteers (n = 71) underwent a postprandial exploration following consumption of a hypercaloric high fat typical Western meal providing 1200 kcal. We investigated variations of circulating levels of 28 BA species, together with BA synthesis marker 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) over an approximately diurnal 12 h period. Analysis of BA variations during the postprandial time course revealed two major phenotypes with opposite fluctuations, i.e., circulating levels of each individual species of unconjugated BAs were reduced after meal consumption whereas those of tauro- and glyco-conjugated BAs were increased. By an unbiased classification strategy based on absolute postprandial changes in BA species levels, we classified subjects into three distinct clusters; the two extreme clusters being characterized by the smallest absolute changes in either unconjugated-BAs or conjugated-BAs. Finally, we demonstrated that our clustering based on postprandial changes in BA profiles was associated with specific clinical and biochemical features, including postprandial triglyceride levels, BMI or waist circumference. Altogether, our study reveals that postprandial profiles/patterns of BAs in response to a hypercaloric high fat challenge is associated with healthy or unhealthy metabolic phenotypes that may help in the early identification of subjects at risk of developing metabolic disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Post-prandial Metabolism)
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22 pages, 2972 KiB  
Article
Postprandial Metabolic Response to Rapeseed Protein in Healthy Subjects
by Christin Volk, Corinna Brandsch, Ulf Schlegelmilch, Monika Wensch-Dorendorf, Frank Hirche, Andreas Simm, Osama Gargum, Claudia Wiacek, Peggy G. Braun, Johannes F. Kopp, Tanja Schwerdtle, Hendrik Treede and Gabriele I. Stangl
Nutrients 2020, 12(8), 2270; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082270 - 29 Jul 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 11810
Abstract
Plant proteins have become increasingly important for ecological reasons. Rapeseed is a novel source of plant proteins with high biological value, but its metabolic impact in humans is largely unknown. A randomized, controlled intervention study including 20 healthy subjects was conducted in a [...] Read more.
Plant proteins have become increasingly important for ecological reasons. Rapeseed is a novel source of plant proteins with high biological value, but its metabolic impact in humans is largely unknown. A randomized, controlled intervention study including 20 healthy subjects was conducted in a crossover design. All participants received a test meal without additional protein or with 28 g of rapeseed protein isolate or soy protein isolate (control). Venous blood samples were collected over a 360-min period to analyze metabolites; satiety was assessed using a visual analog scale. Postprandial levels of lipids, urea, and amino acids increased following the intake of both protein isolates. The postprandial insulin response was lower after consumption of the rapeseed protein than after intake of the soy protein (p < 0.05), whereas the postmeal responses of glucose, lipids, interleukin-6, minerals, and urea were comparable between the two protein isolates. Interestingly, the rapeseed protein exerted stronger effects on postprandial satiety than the soy protein (p < 0.05). The postmeal metabolism following rapeseed protein intake is comparable with that of soy protein. The favorable effect of rapeseed protein on postprandial insulin and satiety makes it a valuable plant protein for human nutrition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Post-prandial Metabolism)
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Review

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20 pages, 691 KiB  
Review
Role of Fluid Milk in Attenuating Postprandial Hyperglycemia and Hypertriglyceridemia
by Miriam Leary and Hirofumi Tanaka
Nutrients 2020, 12(12), 3806; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123806 - 11 Dec 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3717
Abstract
Postprandial plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations are predictive of relative cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and the pathogenesis of both insulin resistance and atherosclerosis has been attributed to acute states of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Postprandial lipemia and hyperglycemia suppress vascular reactivity and induce endothelial [...] Read more.
Postprandial plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations are predictive of relative cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, and the pathogenesis of both insulin resistance and atherosclerosis has been attributed to acute states of hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia. Postprandial lipemia and hyperglycemia suppress vascular reactivity and induce endothelial dysfunction. Epidemiological studies suggest that chronically-high consumption of milk and milk products is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and CVD. The addition of dairy products to meals high in carbohydrates and fat may lessen these risks through reductions in postprandial glucose and triglyceride responses. Purported mechanisms include dairy proteins and bioactive compounds, which may explain the inverse relationship between dairy consumption and cardiometabolic diseases. The current review evaluates the available literature describing the relationships between metabolic dysfunction, postprandial metabolism, and vascular dysfunction and discusses the potential role of milk and dairy products in attenuating these impairments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Post-prandial Metabolism)
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