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Nutrients
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Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease
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Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2018) | Viewed by 75904

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stan Kubow

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
Interests: oxidative stress and antioxidants; nutrition; polyphenols; nutrient and phytochemical digestibility and absorption
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Larry C. Lands

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
Interests: lung disease; functional ability; immune modulation; nutrition; vitamin D

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lung disease is the fourth leading cause of death. Lung health is directly impacted by our environment, which includes our diet. We have evolved to live in an oxygen-rich, and now pollutant-ladened, environment. This challenges our anti-oxidant defenses, which rely on exogenous dietary sources and enzymatic pathways. Nutrition impacts lung growth and development and has the potential to prevent and aid in the treatment of lung disease. This symposium will address several areas of active research, and highlight our current state of knowledge and ongoing controversies. The following areas will be addressed: 

  • the impact of pre- and post-natal nutrition on lung growth
  • the role of breastfeeding, and confounding factors, in the prevention of asthma
  • nutritional requirements in the lung transplant recipient
  • antioxidants in oxidant-induced lung disease
  • the impact of the microbiome in lung health
Prof. Stan Kubow
Prof. Larry C. Lands
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Lung
  • Nutrition
  • Antioxidants
  • Breastfeeding
  • post-lung transplantation
  • inflammation
  • probiotics

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 4622 KiB  
Article
Pharmacological Investigation of the Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Oxidation Activities of Diallyl Disulfide in a Rat Emphysema Model Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract
by Yan Liu, Ang Li, Xiuli Feng, Xiao Sun, Xiaosong Zhu and Zhongxi Zhao
Nutrients 2018, 10(1), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010079 - 12 Jan 2018
Cited by 46 | Viewed by 5364
Abstract
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is the main organosulfur ingredient in garlic, with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of DADS on reducing the inflammation and redox imbalance in a rat emphysema model that was [...] Read more.
Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is the main organosulfur ingredient in garlic, with known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of DADS on reducing the inflammation and redox imbalance in a rat emphysema model that was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Briefly, DADS exerted an anti-inflammation effect on emphysema rats through decreasing cell influx in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and suppressing pro-inflammation cytokine production including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) via inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. In addition, levels of oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were reduced, while the activities of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were markedly enhanced by DADS. Moreover, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression were down-regulated by DADS. Furthermore, the regulation effects of DADS on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were observed. In conclusion, these encouraging findings suggest that DADS could be considered as a promising anti-inflammation and antioxidative agent for the treatment of emphysema. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)
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Review

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29 pages, 1178 KiB  
Review
Vitamin A Deficiency and the Lung
by Joaquín Timoneda, Lucía Rodríguez-Fernández, Rosa Zaragozá, M. Pilar Marín, M. Teresa Cabezuelo, Luis Torres, Juan R. Viña and Teresa Barber
Nutrients 2018, 10(9), 1132; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10091132 - 21 Aug 2018
Cited by 130 | Viewed by 16116
Abstract
Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is a fat-soluble micronutrient which together with its natural derivatives and synthetic analogues constitutes the group of retinoids. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes such as embryonic development, vision, immunity and cellular differentiation and [...] Read more.
Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is a fat-soluble micronutrient which together with its natural derivatives and synthetic analogues constitutes the group of retinoids. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes such as embryonic development, vision, immunity and cellular differentiation and proliferation. Retinoic acid (RA) is the main active form of vitamin A and multiple genes respond to RA signalling through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a remarkable public health problem. An adequate vitamin A intake is required in early lung development, alveolar formation, tissue maintenance and regeneration. In fact, chronic VAD has been associated with histopathological changes in the pulmonary epithelial lining that disrupt the normal lung physiology predisposing to severe tissue dysfunction and respiratory diseases. In addition, there are important alterations of the structure and composition of extracellular matrix with thickening of the alveolar basement membrane and ectopic deposition of collagen I. In this review, we show our recent findings on the modification of cell-junction proteins in VAD lungs, summarize up-to-date information related to the effects of chronic VAD in the impairment of lung physiology and pulmonary disease which represent a major global health problem and provide an overview of possible pathways involved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)
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15 pages, 708 KiB  
Review
Breastfeeding and the Developmental Origins of Asthma: Current Evidence, Possible Mechanisms, and Future Research Priorities
by Kozeta Miliku and Meghan B. Azad
Nutrients 2018, 10(8), 995; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10080995 - 30 Jul 2018
Cited by 63 | Viewed by 11778
Abstract
Breastfeeding has many established health benefits, but its impact on asthma development is uncertain. Breastfeeding appears to have a positive and dose-dependent impact on respiratory health, particularly during early childhood and in high-risk populations; however, the strength and causality of these associations are [...] Read more.
Breastfeeding has many established health benefits, but its impact on asthma development is uncertain. Breastfeeding appears to have a positive and dose-dependent impact on respiratory health, particularly during early childhood and in high-risk populations; however, the strength and causality of these associations are unclear. It is challenging to compare results across studies due to methodological differences and biological variation. Resolving these inconsistencies will require well-designed, prospective studies that accurately capture asthma diagnoses and infant feeding exposures (including breastfeeding duration, exclusivity, and method of feeding), account for key confounders, evaluate dose effects, and consider effect modification and reverse causality. Mechanistic studies examining human milk bioactives and their impact on lung health and asthma development are beginning to emerge, and these will be important in establishing the causality and mechanistic basis of the observed associations between breastfeeding and asthma. In this review, we summarize current evidence on this topic, identify possible reasons for disagreement across studies, discuss potential mechanisms for a causal association, and provide recommendations for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)
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16 pages, 302 KiB  
Review
Nutrition and Lung Growth
by Michele Arigliani, Alessandro Mauro Spinelli, Ilaria Liguoro and Paola Cogo
Nutrients 2018, 10(7), 919; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070919 - 18 Jul 2018
Cited by 72 | Viewed by 8136
Abstract
Experimental evidence from animal models and epidemiology studies has demonstrated that nutrition affects lung development and may have a lifelong impact on respiratory health. Chronic restriction of nutrients and/or oxygen during pregnancy causes structural changes in the airways and parenchyma that may result [...] Read more.
Experimental evidence from animal models and epidemiology studies has demonstrated that nutrition affects lung development and may have a lifelong impact on respiratory health. Chronic restriction of nutrients and/or oxygen during pregnancy causes structural changes in the airways and parenchyma that may result in abnormal lung function, which is tracked throughout life. Inadequate nutritional management in very premature infants hampers lung growth and may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Recent evidence seems to indicate that infant and childhood malnutrition does not determine lung function impairment even in the presence of reduced lung size due to delayed body growth. This review will focus on the effects of malnutrition occurring at critical time periods such as pregnancy, early life, and childhood, on lung growth and long-term lung function. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)
18 pages, 1418 KiB  
Review
Potential Micronutrients and Phytochemicals against the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer
by Ting Zhai, Shizhen Li, Wei Hu, Duo Li and Shuguang Leng
Nutrients 2018, 10(7), 813; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070813 - 25 Jun 2018
Cited by 74 | Viewed by 15012
Abstract
Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have shared etiology, including key etiological changes (e.g., DNA damage and epigenetics change) and lung function impairment. Focusing on those shared targets may help in the prevention of both. Certain micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and phytochemicals [...] Read more.
Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have shared etiology, including key etiological changes (e.g., DNA damage and epigenetics change) and lung function impairment. Focusing on those shared targets may help in the prevention of both. Certain micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) and phytochemicals (carotenoids and phenols) have potent antioxidant or methyl-donating properties and thus have received considerable interest. We reviewed recent papers probing into the potential of nutrients with respect to lung function preservation and prevention of lung cancer risk, and suggest several hypothetical intervention patterns. Intakes of vitamins (i.e., A, C, D, E, B12), carotenoids, flavonoids, curcumins, resveratrol, magnesium, and omega-3 fatty acids all show protective effects against lung function loss, some mainly by improving average lung function and others through reducing decline rate. Dietary interventions early in life may help lung function reserve over the lifespan. Protective nutrient interventions among smokers are likely to mitigate the effects of cigarettes on lung health. We also discuss their underlying mechanisms and some possible causes for the inconsistent results in observational studies and supplementation trials. The role of the lung microbiome on lung health and its potential utility in identifying protective nutrients are discussed as well. More prospective cohorts and well-designed clinical trials are needed to promote the transition of individualized nutrient interventions into health policy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)
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21 pages, 368 KiB  
Review
Nutritional Requirements of Lung Transplant Recipients: Challenges and Considerations
by Valerie Jomphe, Larry C. Lands and Genevieve Mailhot
Nutrients 2018, 10(6), 790; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060790 - 19 Jun 2018
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 8063
Abstract
An optimal nutritional status is associated with better post-transplant outcomes and survival. Post-lung transplant nutrition management is however particularly challenging as lung recipients represent a very heterogeneous group of patients in terms of age, underlying diseases, weight status and presence of comorbidities. Furthermore, [...] Read more.
An optimal nutritional status is associated with better post-transplant outcomes and survival. Post-lung transplant nutrition management is however particularly challenging as lung recipients represent a very heterogeneous group of patients in terms of age, underlying diseases, weight status and presence of comorbidities. Furthermore, the post-transplant period encompasses several stages characterized by physiological and pathophysiological changes that affect nutritional status of patients and necessitate tailored nutrition management. We provide an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding nutritional requirements in the post-lung transplant period from the immediate post-operative phase to long-term follow-up. In the immediate post-transplantation phase, the high doses of immunosuppressants and corticosteroids, the goal of maintaining hemodynamic stability, the presence of a catabolic state, and the wound healing process increase nutritional demands and lead to metabolic perturbations that necessitate nutritional interventions. As time from transplantation increases, complications such as obesity, osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes, and kidney disease, may develop and require adjustments to nutrition management. Until specific nutritional guidelines for lung recipients are elaborated, recommendations regarding nutrient requirements are formulated to provide guidance for clinicians caring for these patients. Finally, the management of recipients with special considerations is also briefly addressed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)
16 pages, 3359 KiB  
Review
Donor Human Milk Protects against Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Eduardo Villamor-Martínez, Maria Pierro, Giacomo Cavallaro, Fabio Mosca, Boris W. Kramer and Eduardo Villamor
Nutrients 2018, 10(2), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10020238 - 20 Feb 2018
Cited by 112 | Viewed by 10107
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication after preterm birth. Pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) has increasingly become the standard of care for very preterm infants over the use of preterm formula (PF) if the mother’s own milk (MOM) is unavailable. Studies [...] Read more.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication after preterm birth. Pasteurized donor human milk (DHM) has increasingly become the standard of care for very preterm infants over the use of preterm formula (PF) if the mother’s own milk (MOM) is unavailable. Studies have reported beneficial effects of DHM on BPD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies on the effects of DHM on BPD and other respiratory outcomes. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of RCTs could not demonstrate that supplementation of MOM with DHM reduced BPD when compared to PF (three studies, risk ratio (RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–1.32). However, meta-analysis of observational studies showed that DHM supplementation reduced BPD (8 studies, RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67–0.90). An exclusive human milk diet reduced the risk of BPD, compared to a diet with PF and/or bovine milk-based fortifier (three studies, RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68–0.95). Feeding raw MOM, compared to feeding pasteurized MOM, protected against BPD (two studies, RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.62–0.96). In conclusion, our data suggest that DHM protects against BPD in very preterm infants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Relationship between Nutrition and Respiratory Disease)
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