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Sarcopenia, Diabetes and Nutrition: Recent Findings

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A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 5992

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Dr. Tongzhi Wu

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
Interests: obesity; type 2 diabetes; energy intake; gastrointestinal hormones; gastrointestinal motility; postprandial glucose metabolism; pancreatic hormones; malnutrition; bile acids; nutrient sensing mechanisms

Dr. Cong Xie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A major nutritional paradox exists in modern society. Both obesity and type 2 diabetes have become global epidemics, imposing substantial risks of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Optimising nutritional intake to achieve reductions in body weight and blood glucose represents a pivotal part of clinical management of these metabolic disorders. At the same time, many individuals are malnourished, including specific groups such as the elderly and survivors of critical illness, in whom the loss of muscle mass and strength is linked to increased risk of sarcopenia. This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances in the understanding of the health and social-economic impacts, dysregulation of nutrient intake and metabolism, and emerging therapeutic (particularly nutritional) approaches, in relation to these disorders.

Dr. Tongzhi Wu
Dr. Cong Xie
Guest Editors

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Keywords

obesity
type 2 diabetes
malnutrition
sarcopenia
frailty

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 659 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Are Energy and Protein Intakes Lower Than Requirements in Older Adults? An Urgent Issue in Hospitals and Nursing Homes

by Marie Blanquet, Candy Guiguet-Auclair, Pauline Berland, Guillaume Ducher, Anaïs Sauvage, Sylvain Dadet, Vincent Guiyedi, Nicolas Farigon, Jérôme Bohatier, Laurent Gerbaud and Yves Boirie

Nutrients 2023, 15(15), 3307; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153307 - 26 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1207

Abstract

Energy and protein intakes lower than requirements are associated with worsening health outcomes. Here we set out to evaluate gaps between energy and protein intakes and requirements in older adults in hospitals and in nursing homes (NH). A cross-sectional study included 360 inpatients and residents aged 75 years and older in two acute care wards; i.e., a multidisciplinary care unit (MCU) and a geriatric care unit (GCU), a geriatric rehabilitation unit (GRU), and two NH. Intakes were measured for three days. Requirements were based on French National Health Authority recommendations. Energy and protein intakes were under the minimum requirement of 30 kcal/kg/day and 1.2 g/kg/day in 89.5% and 100% of MCU patients, respectively, 75.5% and 64.2% of GCU patients, 92.7% and 90.9% of GRU patients, and 83.8% and 83.8 of NH residents. Intake-to-requirement gaps were not significantly associated with malnutrition, except in the GCU group where non-malnourished patients had higher energy gaps than malnourished patients. Intakes fell dramatically short of requirements in older adults in both hospital and NH settings irrespective of malnutrition status. A new paradigm based on a patient-centered approach should be developed to adapt meals served in hospital and in NH. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sarcopenia, Diabetes and Nutrition: Recent Findings)

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15 pages, 299 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dietary Diversity and Inflammatory Diet Associated with All-Cause Mortality and Incidence and Mortality of Type 2 Diabetes: Two Prospective Cohort Studies

by Guzhengyue Zheng, Miao Cai, Huiling Liu, Rui Li, Zhengmin Qian, Steven W. Howard, Amy E. Keith, Shiyu Zhang, Xiaojie Wang, Junguo Zhang, Hualiang Lin and Junjie Hua

Nutrients 2023, 15(9), 2120; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15092120 - 28 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2404

Abstract

A higher dietary diversity score (DDS) and a lower energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) may be associated with lower risks of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and mortality. This cohort study aimed to investigate the associations of DDS and E-DII with all-cause mortality, incidence of T2D, and mortality of T2D, as well as the joint effects of these two dietary factors. A total of 181,360 participants without all types of diabetes at baseline from the UK Biobank and 42,139 participants from the US NHANES were included. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations of DDS and E-DII with outcomes. In the UK Biobank data, 8338 deaths, 3416 incident T2D cases, and 353 T2D deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 12.5 years. In the US NHANES data, 6803 all-cause deaths and 248 T2D-specific deaths were recorded during a median follow-up of 9.6 years. We observed that higher DDS and lower E-DII were significantly associated with lower risks of total mortality and incident T2D. Compared with low DDS, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of high DDS were 0.69 (0.64, 0.74) for all-cause mortality, 0.79 (0.70, 0.88) for incident T2D in the UK Biobank, and 0.69 (0.61, 0.78) for all-cause mortality in the US NHANES. Compared with participants in tertile 3 of E-DII, those in tertile 1 had a lower risk of overall death [HR 0.86 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.91) in UK Biobank; 0.83 (0.77, 0.88) in US NHANES] and incident T2D [0.86 (0.79, 0.94)] in UK Biobank. No evidence was observed of the interactive effects of DDS and E-DII on either all-cause mortality or the incidence and mortality of T2D. There was no significant association found between any exposure and T2D mortality in this study. In conclusion, our results revealed that higher DDS and lower E-DII were associated with both total mortality and incident T2D in UK and US adults. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sarcopenia, Diabetes and Nutrition: Recent Findings)

15 pages, 1272 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Sarcopenia Onset Prior to Cancer Diagnosis on Cancer Survival: A National Population-Based Cohort Study Using Propensity Score Matching

by Chih-Hsiung Su, Wan-Ming Chen, Ming-Chih Chen, Ben-Chang Shia and Szu-Yuan Wu

Nutrients 2023, 15(5), 1247; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051247 - 1 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2019

Abstract

Purpose: The relationship between the onset of sarcopenia prior to cancer diagnosis and survival outcomes in various types of cancer is not well understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a propensity score-matched population-based cohort study to compare the overall survival of cancer patients with and without sarcopenia. Patients and Methods: In our study, we included patients with cancer and divided them into two groups based on the presence or absence of sarcopenia. To ensure comparability between the groups, we matched patients in both groups at a ratio of 1:1. Results: After the matching process, our final cohort included 20,416 patients with cancer (10,208 in each group) who were eligible for further analysis. There were no significant differences between the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups in terms of confounding factors such as age (mean 61.05 years versus 62.17 years), gender (52.56% versus 52.16% male, 47.44% versus 47.84% female), comorbidities, and cancer stages. In our multivariate Cox regression analysis, we found that the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) of all-cause death for the sarcopenia group compared to the nonsarcopenia group was 1.49 (1.43–1.55; p < 0.001). Additionally, the aHRs (95% CIs) of all-cause death for those aged 66–75, 76–85, and >85 years (compared to those aged ≤65 years) were 1.29 (1.23–1.36), 2.00 (1.89–2.12), and 3.26 (2.97–3.59), respectively. The aHR (95% CI) of all-cause death for those with a Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≥ 1 compared to those with a CCI of 0 was 1.34 (1.28–1.40). The aHR (95% CI) of all-cause death for men compared to women was 1.56 (1.50–1.62). When comparing the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups, the aHRs (95% CIs) for lung, liver, colorectal, breast, prostate, oral, pancreatic, stomach, ovarian, and other cancers were significantly higher. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the onset of sarcopenia prior to cancer diagnosis may be linked to reduced survival outcomes in cancer patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sarcopenia, Diabetes and Nutrition: Recent Findings)

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