Emerging Zoonoses and Global Health

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 7465

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Guest Editor
Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Biodiversity Research Institute, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: emerging zoonoses

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

One of the qualities that defines today’s era is the speed and the magnitude at which change occurs. We live in an increasingly globalized world, whether at a commercial, economic or pathogen distribution level. Most of these changes have an anthropic origin and may have an impact on viral zoonoses and consequently on human health. Much of these changes affect wildlife and we know that wildlife plays a key role in the emergence of infectious diseases, as they provide a “zoonotic pool” from which pathogens can emerge. The majority of human viruses, emerging or otherwise, originated from animals. Examples include HIV, dengue, measles, SARS-CoV, smallpox, Ebola, Zika, MERS and SARS-CoV-2. Nowadays zoonotic diseases can have an unprecedented impact on the global human population. Often, from our anthropocentric perspective we forget that we are also part of nature. The humans are part of an extremely complex biosphere, with multitude relationships between living organisms and the environment. The modification of these relationships can favour the viruses cross the species barrier and infect the humans.

This special issue topic wants to include articles that analyse the factors that can affect the emergence of viral zoonoses either by favouring the species leap or the spread of zoonotic viruses. In this sense, we encourage to send us papers with an epidemiological, virological or ecological approach.

Dr. Jordi Serra Cobo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • viral zoonoses
  • infectious diseases
  • global health
  • emerging zoonoses

Published Papers (3 papers)

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10 pages, 1844 KiB  
Article
Mycobacterium bovis Transmission between Cattle and a Farmer in Central Poland
by Monika Krajewska-Wędzina, Łukasz Radulski, W. Ray Waters, Anna Didkowska, Anna Zabost, Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć, Sylwia Brzezińska and Marcin Weiner
Pathogens 2022, 11(10), 1170; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101170 - 11 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2237
Abstract
Introduction: Zoonoses have recently become an increasing public health problem. Zoonoses are estimated to account for 60% of all emerging infectious diseases. One particularly important zoonosis is human tuberculosis, especially tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), which is naturally resistant [...] Read more.
Introduction: Zoonoses have recently become an increasing public health problem. Zoonoses are estimated to account for 60% of all emerging infectious diseases. One particularly important zoonosis is human tuberculosis, especially tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis), which is naturally resistant to pyrazinamide (PZA). Material and Methods: The patient had a pulmonary form of tuberculosis accompanied by a cough and fever. At the same time, the disease was also confirmed in 20 out of 25 cattle on the farm. The clinical specimen (sputum) was examined in accordance with the European Union (EU) laboratories’ methodology. Tissue materials from cattle were verified in the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), in the Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) Reference Laboratory, Pulawy, Poland and tested in accordance with the guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of BTB. Results: All M. bovis isolates represented one spoligotype, SB0120. The results of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) evaluation showed the same genetic pattern. Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest the first confirmed interspecific transmission of Mycobacterium bovis, between a farmer and his cattle, in Poland. Present findings support the increasing concern regarding zoonotic TB that has been highlighted elsewhere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Zoonoses and Global Health)
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14 pages, 5542 KiB  
Article
Puumala Virus Variants Circulating in Forests of Ardennes, France: Ten Years of Genetic Evolution
by Guillaume Castel, Elodie Monchatre-Leroy, Marc López-Roig, Séverine Murri, Mathilde Couteaudier, Franck Boué, Denis Augot, Frank Sauvage, Dominique Pontier, Viviane Hénaux, Philippe Marianneau, Jordi Serra-Cobo and Noël Tordo
Pathogens 2021, 10(9), 1164; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10091164 - 9 Sep 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2405
Abstract
In Europe, Puumala virus (PUUV) transmitted by the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. In France, very little is known about the spatial and temporal variability [...] Read more.
In Europe, Puumala virus (PUUV) transmitted by the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) is the causative agent of nephropathia epidemica (NE), a mild form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. In France, very little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of the virus circulating within bank vole populations. The present study involved monitoring of bank vole population dynamics and PUUV microdiversity over a ten-year period (2000–2009) in two forests of the Ardennes region: Elan and Croix-Scaille. Ardennes region is characterised by different environmental conditions associated with different NE epidemiology. Bank vole density and population parameters were estimated using the capture/marking/recapture method, and blood samples were collected to monitor the overall seroprevalence of PUUV in rodent populations. Phylogenetic analyses of fifty-five sequences were performed to illustrate the genetic diversity of PUUV variants between forests. The pattern of the two forests differed clearly. In the Elan forest, the rodent survival was higher, and this limited turn-over resulted in a lower seroprevalence and diversity of PUUV sequences than in the Croix-Scaille forest. Uncovering the links between host dynamics and virus microevolution is improving our understanding of PUUV distribution in rodents and the NE risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Zoonoses and Global Health)
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6 pages, 242 KiB  
Brief Report
Detection of Antibodies against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Zoo Animals Using Non-Invasive Blood Sampling with Medicinal Leeches (Hirudo medicinalis)
by Pavel Kvapil, Marjan Kastelic, Nuša Jež, Kamil Sedlák, Nikola Kašpárková, Mateja Jelovšek, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Eva Bártová and Jožko Račnik
Pathogens 2021, 10(8), 952; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080952 - 28 Jul 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2019
Abstract
Reports on non-invasive blood sampling are limited, and there are only a few studies on using kissing bugs (Reduviidae) and medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) for hematology and biochemistry testing in various zoo animal species. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.
Reports on non-invasive blood sampling are limited, and there are only a few studies on using kissing bugs (Reduviidae) and medicinal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) for hematology and biochemistry testing in various zoo animal species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of non-invasive blood sampling with medicinal leeches for arbovirus epidemiological investigations in various animal species from one zoo collection. Medicinal leeches were manually applied on 35 animals of 11 species. Control blood samples were obtained by venipuncture of the jugular vein. Antibodies to tick-borne encephalitic virus (TBEV) were detected by using the immunoenzymatic method or an immunofluorescent assay (IFAT), depending on the animal species. One of the 35 animals (2.9%) was seropositive (Ovis aries), whereas the rest of the samples were seronegative in both methods of sampling (non-invasive by leeches vs. invasive by venipuncture). Blood sampling using medicinal leeches showed promising results. It is likely a good alternative to other more complex and invasive methods, and it can provide significant advancement in blood sampling for preventive medicine and epidemiological studies in zoo animals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Zoonoses and Global Health)
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