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Pharmaceuticals
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Pharmacotherapy for Retinopathy
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Pharmacotherapy for Retinopathy

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 February 2025 | Viewed by 3183

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Eric Shrier

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
Interests: retinopathy of prematurity; imaging of retinal degeneration; clinical pharmacotherapy for diabetic retinopathy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The mechanisms underlying retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) development, progression and recurrence have not been fully elucidated.  As with most pathologic proliferative retinal vascular diseases, the blockage of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by an intravitreal injection has become the mainstay of treatment. Several anti-VEGF agents are in use for aggressive posterior ROP, and trials have indicated non-inferiority to laser photocoagulation. Although anatomic and functional outcomes may be improved with pharmacotherapy, recurrences are common, unpredictable and may lead to blindness. Furthermore, the disease presents lifelong risks of visual loss. 

In furtherance of advancing ROP treatment, we wish to better understand the role of VEGF blockade, the precise molecular switching mechanisms at play, inducible-factor interactions, nutrition and tissue-constitutive factors that play a role in the complex formation of pathologic neovascularization in ROP.

Dr. Eric Shrier
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • retinopathy of prematurity
  • ROP
  • anti-VEGF
  • HIF
  • pathologic neovascularization
  • OIR

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 16782 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Glutathione Nanoparticles, CoEnzyme Q10, and Fish Oil for Prevention of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy in Neonatal Rats
by Sidra Bashir, Charles L. Cai, Matthew Marcelino, Jacob V. Aranda and Kay D. Beharry
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(3), 381; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17030381 - 17 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1998
Abstract
Notch ligands and receptors are important for cell specification and angiogenesis, but their role in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is not well studied. Delta-like ligand (DLL)-4/Notch inhibits angiogenesis, while Jagged-1/Notch promotes angiogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that early supplementation with antioxidants and/or fish oil [...] Read more.
Notch ligands and receptors are important for cell specification and angiogenesis, but their role in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is not well studied. Delta-like ligand (DLL)-4/Notch inhibits angiogenesis, while Jagged-1/Notch promotes angiogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that early supplementation with antioxidants and/or fish oil curtails severe OIR by inducing DLL-4/Notch and reducing Jagged-1/Notch. Newborn rats were exposed to brief intermittent hypoxia (IH) during hyperoxia, during which they received daily oral supplements of (1) fish oil, (2) coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in olive oil (OO), (3) glutathione nanoparticles (nGSH), (4) fish oil + CoQ10, or (5) OO (controls) from birth (P0) to P14. At P14, the pups were placed in room air (RA) until P21, with no further treatment. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, ocular histopathology, and Notch signaling were assessed. Neonatal IH resulted in severe retinal damage consistent with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Retinal damage was associated with induced oxidative stress and Jagged-1/Notch signaling, as well as reduced DLL-4/Notch signaling. All treatments reversed these outcomes, but nGSH produced the most beneficial outcomes. Severe OIR promoted the induction of Jagged-1/Notch and curtailed DLL-4/Notch, which was an effect that could be reversed with nGSH supplementation. These findings may indicate a potential alternate pathway for ROP treatment and/or prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacotherapy for Retinopathy)
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16 pages, 4993 KiB  
Systematic Review
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Combined with Ocular Steroid Therapy for Persistent Diabetic Macular Edema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Yunxi Ma, Yunhan Tao, Mingzhu Yuan and Xufang Sun
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(12), 1574; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17121574 - 23 Nov 2024
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Abstract
Purpose: Our purpose was to appraise the efficacy and safety of intravitreous vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor (anti-VEGF) therapy combined with steroids for persistent diabetic macular edema. Methods: A systematic review was conducted of the research evaluating the combination therapy of [...] Read more.
Purpose: Our purpose was to appraise the efficacy and safety of intravitreous vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor (anti-VEGF) therapy combined with steroids for persistent diabetic macular edema. Methods: A systematic review was conducted of the research evaluating the combination therapy of anti-VEGF and steroids for persistent diabetic macular edema compared to anti-VEGF alone. A meta-analysis was performed using a protocol registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023476333). Continuous and binary variables were extracted. Results were expressed as the mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR). Results: A total of 9 trials with 537 eyes were included. The MDs of improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 1/2/3/6/9/12 months between the combined and monotherapy groups were 1.33 (95% CI [−1.31,3.96]), 3.03 (95% CI [0.01, 6.06]), −0.37 (95% CI [−4.74, 4.00]), −1.37 (95% CI [−4.65, 1.91]), 1.05 (95% CI [−3.68, 5.77]), and 1.70 (95% CI [−3.52, 6.93]). The MDs concerned with a central retinal thickness (CMT) decline in at 1/2/3/6/9/12 months between the two groups were −47.33, 95% CI [−94.35, −0.32]), −89.19 (95% CI [−114.38, −64.00]), −58.84 (95% CI [−96.93, −20.74]), −57.23 (95% CI [−102.62, −11.84]), −40.59 (95% CI [−80.59, −0.58]), and −38.89 (95% CI [−77.38, −0.40]), respectively. Furthermore, the combined group obtained higher relative risks of experiencing events with high intraocular pressure and progressed cataracts. Conclusions: Anti-VEGF combined with ocular steroids showed a significant advantage in improving the retinal anatomical structure compared to anti-VEGF monotherapy for persistent diabetic macular edema. However, as the treatment period extended, the combination treatment was no more effective than monotherapy after 2 months, with more severe side effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacotherapy for Retinopathy)
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