Fungal-Derived Natural Product: Synthesis, Function, and Applications

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Products".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 March 2023) | Viewed by 4313

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
Interests: my research focuses on the underlying infectious mechanisms of vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue and Zika in insects by discovering targets against these diseases; by screening our recently established Global Library of Fungal Extracts (GFEL); my goal is to find new compounds that block transmission of these diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Natural products from fungi play unique, critical, and irreplaceable roles in human health. However, the frequency of FDA approvals of new drugs derived from natural products has been declining since the 1990s, and industry has shifted its focus to synthetic chemicals for drug discovery. Some researchers from the pharmaceutical industry have questioned the potential for drug discovery from natural products. After human beings entered the 21st century, the rapid development of molecular biology, genomic mining, and microbial culturing advances have pushed natural products into a new era. In addition, high-throughput sequencing technologies not only speed up sequencing, but also reduce costs, enabling the sequencing of large numbers of fungal genomes. Currently, based on bioinformatics analysis, it is known that most of the biosynthetic gene clusters of natural products are not expressed in experimental conditions, and many genes are involved in the regulation of the synthesis process. Genome mining through machine learning to study fungal omics data has shown great promise for unraveling synthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms, which will lead to the discovery of many new compounds and open new opportunities for the discovery of natural fungal drug products.

Dr. Guodong Niu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • fungi
  • natural product
  • secondary metabolite
  • function
  • regulation
  • biosynthesis
  • genome mining
  • gene cluster
  • drug discovery

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 1716 KiB  
Article
Protection against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endotoxemia by Terrein Is Mediated by Blocking Interleukin-1β and Interleukin-6 Production
by Yeo Dae Yoon, Myeong Youl Lee, Byeong Jo Choi, Chang Woo Lee, Hyunju Lee, Joo-Hee Kwon, Jeong-Wook Yang and Jong Soon Kang
Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(11), 1429; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15111429 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1582
Abstract
Terrein is a fungal metabolite and has been known to exert anti-melanogenesis, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities. However, its role in endotoxemia has never been investigated until now. In the present study, we examined the effect of terrein on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia in mice [...] Read more.
Terrein is a fungal metabolite and has been known to exert anti-melanogenesis, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities. However, its role in endotoxemia has never been investigated until now. In the present study, we examined the effect of terrein on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia in mice and characterized the potential mechanisms of action. Treatment with terrein increased the survival of mice and decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in an LPS-induced endotoxemia model. In addition, terrein suppressed the LPS-induced production of IL-1β and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage-like cell line, and the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 was also inhibited by terrein in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Further study demonstrated that terrein blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of p65 subunit of nuclear factor (NF)/κB and the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was also suppressed by terrein treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that terrein exerts a protective effect again LPS-induced endotoxemia in mice by blocking the production of inflammatory cytokines. Our results also suggest that the anti-inflammatory effect of terrein might be mediated, at least in part, by blocking the activation of NF-κB, JNK, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal-Derived Natural Product: Synthesis, Function, and Applications)
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13 pages, 2655 KiB  
Article
Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of Asperidine B, a Pyrrolidine Derivative from the Soil-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sclerotiorum PSU-RSPG178: A Potential Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
by Atcharaporn Ontawong, Acharaporn Duangjai, Yaowapa Sukpondma, Kwanruthai Tadpetch, Chatchai Muanprasat, Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul, Jakkapong Inchai and Chutima S. Vaddhanaphuti
Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(8), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15080955 - 31 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2099
Abstract
Isolated secondary metabolites asperidine B (preussin) and asperidine C, produced by the soil-derived fungus Aspergillus sclerotiorum PSU-RSPG178, were found to exhibit inhibitory effects against 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and oxidative stress in an in vitro assay. Whether or not the known pyrrolidine asperidine B [...] Read more.
Isolated secondary metabolites asperidine B (preussin) and asperidine C, produced by the soil-derived fungus Aspergillus sclerotiorum PSU-RSPG178, were found to exhibit inhibitory effects against 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and oxidative stress in an in vitro assay. Whether or not the known pyrrolidine asperidine B and the recently isolated piperidine asperidine C have lipid-lowering effects remains unknown. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effects of asperidines B and C and identify the mechanisms involved in using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models. The results show that both compounds interfered with cholesterol micelle formation by increasing bile acid binding capacity, similar to the action of the bile acid sequestrant drug cholestyramine. However, only asperidine B, but not asperidine C, was found to inhibit cholesterol uptake in Caco-2 cells by up-regulating LXRα without changing cholesterol transporter NPC1L1 protein expression. Likewise, reduced cholesterol absorption via asperidine-B-mediated activation of LXRα was also observed in isolated rat jejunal loops. Asperidine B consistently decreases plasma cholesterol absorption, similar to the effect of ezetimibe in rats. Therefore, asperidine B, the pyrrolidine derivative, has therapeutic potential to be developed into a type of cholesterol absorption inhibitor for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal-Derived Natural Product: Synthesis, Function, and Applications)
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