Tryptophan Metabolism as the Therapeutic and Biomarker Target
A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (24 March 2023) | Viewed by 20818
Special Issue Editor
Interests: kynurenine pathway; tryptophan metabolites; indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase; tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase; immune regulation; cancer development and biomarkers
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Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism has obtained great interest due to its wide involvement in the regulation of immune response and mechanisms of several diseases. The process is associated with immune regulation, cancer, neuropsychology, and maternal tolerance during fetus implantation.
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid serving as a building block in protein structures. On the other hand, the remaining majority of Trp is catabolized along four pathways of which the kynurenine pathway (KP) converts most of the available free L-tryptophan. The kynurenine pathway is a source of several biomolecules and is initiated by hepatic tryptophan-2-3-dioxygenase enzyme or the tissues-specific counterparts (indoleamine-2-3-dioxygenases). Several other KP enzymes contribute to generation of biologically relevant metabolites collectively called “kynurenines”, finally leading to NAD+ production. Some of the molecules generated through KP show cytotoxic properties (kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenie), while others (kynurenic acid) are associated with positive effects. The other pathways of tryptophan metabolism in human organism generate serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and melatonin that play important role in nervous system homeostasis and contribute to neuropsychological effects.
KP enzymes present attractive pharmacological targets for developing inhibitors to control cancer, immune, and psychiatric diseases and modulate homeostasis. Learning about accumulation of Trp metabolites can result in the useful biomarker tools for monitoring of disease progression. The presented Pharmaceuticals Special Issue aims to collect recent scientific achievements in development of novel pharmaceuticals aimed as inhibitors of KP enzymes, encompassing issues with inhibitor synthesis, pharmacology, and biological properties. The other welcomed aspects include the bioavailability of Trp metabolites, enzyme regulation and activity, association of Trp metabolites with cancer progression, immune regulation, and psychiatric disfunctions as well as developments in analytical methods for determination of Trp metabolites
Dr. Magdalena Staniszewska
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- Kynureninepathway
- tryptophanmetabolites
- kynurenine
- indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase
- tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase
- immune suppression
- cancer microenvironment
- analysis of pharmaceuticals
- determination of tryptophan metabolites
- analysis of biological fluids
- metabolic biomarkers
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