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Pharmaceutics
Special Issues
Applications of Nanomaterials in Immunotherapies
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Applications of Nanomaterials in Immunotherapies

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 1636

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Diana Velluto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
Interests: biomedical polymers; nanomedicine; nanomaterials synthesis; pharmacology; polymer chemistry; cell biology
Dr. Saeida Saadat

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Diabetes Research Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Interests: drug delivery; nanomedicine; nanotechnology; nanomaterials; characterization of nanomaterials; polymer composites

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanomaterials comprise a large selection of tools that can be used as delivery vectors for drugs and bioactive molecules, including immunological agents. Examples of key classes of nanomaterials as drug delivery vectors are liposomes and lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, self-assembled particles, self-assembled scaffolds, etc. Unlike other therapeutic strategies, nanomaterial-based therapeutics offer unique and distinct biological features to achieve precision targeting, local drug release and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

This Special Issue aims to collect articles related to the development of nano-immunotherapies and their applications. The therapeutic targeting of the immune system, including chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, immune checkpoint blockade therapy, neoantigen peptide and mRNA vaccines, and small-molecule modulators, emerges as one of the most effective therapeutic modalities for treating various immune and autoimmune diseases, including cancers and diabetes, as well as cell and tissue transplants in human patients. However, clinical efficacies of these immunotherapeutics are generally modest and cause undesired side effects. As long-term and sustained release of immunotherapeutics is necessary for enhancing their efficacy and reducing toxicity, nanotechnology and nanomaterials can ensure the accumulation of immunotherapuetics, controlled release and precision delivery of immune drugs.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the fabrication and/or applications of the following:

  • Design and synthesis of nanomaterial-based delivery systems;
  • Nano-vaccines;
  • Nanomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy;
  • Nanomaterial-based targeted and/or localized immunomodulatory therapy.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Diana Velluto
Dr. Saeida Saadat
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceutics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • nanoparticles
  • local drug delivery
  • immunomodulation
  • vaccines
  • precision targeting

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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35 pages, 6555 KiB  
Article
Multilayer Nanocarrier for the Codelivery of Interferons: A Promising Strategy for Biocompatible and Long-Acting Antiviral Treatment
by Thelvia I. Ramos, Carlos A. Villacis-Aguirre, Felipe Sandoval Sandoval, Sarah Martin-Solano, Viana Manrique-Suárez, Hortensia Rodríguez, Leandro Santiago-Padilla, Alexis Debut, Carolina Gómez-Gaete, Marbel Torres Arias, Raquel Montesino, Emilio Lamazares, Ignacio Cabezas, Florence Hugues, Natalie C. Parra, Claudia Altamirano, Oliberto Sánchez Ramos, Nelson Santiago-Vispo and Jorge R. Toledo
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(11), 1349; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16111349 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 668
Abstract
Background: Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines involved in the immune response with a synergistic regulatory effect on the immune response. They are therapeutics for various viral and proliferative conditions, with proven safety and efficacy. Their clinical application is challenging due to the molecules’ size, [...] Read more.
Background: Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines involved in the immune response with a synergistic regulatory effect on the immune response. They are therapeutics for various viral and proliferative conditions, with proven safety and efficacy. Their clinical application is challenging due to the molecules’ size, degradation, and pharmacokinetics. We are working on new drug delivery systems that provide adequate therapeutic concentrations for these cytokines and prolong their half-life in the circulation, such as nanoformulations. Methods: Through nanoencapsulation using electrospray technology and biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, we are developing a controlled release system based on nanoparticles for viral infections of the respiratory tract. Results: We developed a controlled release system for viral respiratory tract infections. A prototype nanoparticle with a core was created, which hydrolyzed the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) shell , releasing the active ingredients interferon-alpha (IFN-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The chitosan (QS) core degraded slowly, with a controlled release of IFN-α. The primary and rapid effect of the interferon combination ensured an antiviral and immunoregulatory response from day one, induced by IFN-α and enhanced by IFN-γ. The multilayer design demonstrated an optimal toxicity profile. Conclusions: This formulation is an inhaled dry powder intended for the non-invasive intranasal route. The product does not require a cold chain and has the potential for self-administration in the face of emerging viral infections. This novel drug has applications in multiple infectious, oncological, and autoimmune conditions, and further development is proposed for its therapeutic potential. This prototype would ensure greater bioavailability, controlled release, fewer adverse effects, and robust biological action through the simultaneous action of both molecules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Nanomaterials in Immunotherapies)
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Review

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31 pages, 3958 KiB  
Review
Emerging Cationic Nanovaccines
by Ana Maria Carmona-Ribeiro and Yunys Pérez-Betancourt
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(11), 1362; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16111362 - 25 Oct 2024
Viewed by 595
Abstract
Cationic vaccines of nanometric sizes can directly perform the delivery of antigen(s) and immunomodulator(s) to dendritic cells in the lymph nodes. The positively charged nanovaccines are taken up by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the lymphatic system often originating the cellular immunological defense required [...] Read more.
Cationic vaccines of nanometric sizes can directly perform the delivery of antigen(s) and immunomodulator(s) to dendritic cells in the lymph nodes. The positively charged nanovaccines are taken up by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of the lymphatic system often originating the cellular immunological defense required to fight intracellular microbial infections and the proliferation of cancers. Cationic molecules imparting the positive charges to nanovaccines exhibit a dose-dependent toxicity which needs to be systematically addressed. Against the coronavirus, mRNA cationic nanovaccines evolved rapidly. Nowadays cationic nanovaccines have been formulated against several infections with the advantage of cationic compounds granting protection of nucleic acids in vivo against biodegradation by nucleases. Up to the threshold concentration of cationic molecules for nanovaccine delivery, cationic nanovaccines perform well eliciting the desired Th 1 improved immune response in the absence of cytotoxicity. A second strategy in the literature involves dilution of cationic components in biocompatible polymeric matrixes. Polymeric nanoparticles incorporating cationic molecules at reduced concentrations for the cationic component often result in an absence of toxic effects. The progress in vaccinology against cancer involves in situ designs for cationic nanovaccines. The lysis of transformed cancer cells releases several tumoral antigens, which in the presence of cationic nanoadjuvants can be systemically presented for the prevention of metastatic cancer. In addition, these local cationic nanovaccines allow immunotherapeutic tumor treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Nanomaterials in Immunotherapies)
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