Advances in Co-Amorphous Drug Formulations

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Pharmacy and Formulation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2021) | Viewed by 11554

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Interests: co-amorphous; amorphous solid dispersions; dissolution; solubility; stability; solid state

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the concept of co-amorphization was introduced more or less a decade ago, the amount of research activity around the topic has increased exponentially. The co-amorphous approach has become a preferred alternative to polymeric solid dispersions in the stabilization of the amorphous state and in improving the dissolution rate of drugs. Along the way, our understanding of the formation of co-amorphous systems, the selection of co-formers, interactions between the mixture components, dissolution enhancement and physical stability has increased. However, challenges remain, as more research is required on the processability of co-amorphous mixtures into final dosage forms. In addition to oral administration, alternative routes, such as pulmonary, may be used for delivering co-amorphous formulations. Therefore, this Special Issue welcomes articles that cover all aspects of the design, manufacturing, characterization and final formulation of co-amorphous mixtures, aiming to reflect their current status and highlight the future prospects and challenges of amorphous drug formulations on their way to becoming medicinal products.

Dr. Riikka Laitinen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • co-amorphous
  • dissolution
  • supersaturation
  • stability
  • bioavailability
  • solid-dosage form
  • solid-state characterization

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3186 KiB  
Article
Co-Amorphous Formulations of Furosemide with Arginine and P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor Drugs
by Marika Ruponen, Konsta Kettunen, Monica Santiago Pires and Riikka Laitinen
Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(2), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13020171 - 27 Jan 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2586
Abstract
In this study, the amino acid arginine (ARG) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors verapamil hydrochloride (VER), piperine (PIP) and quercetin (QRT) were used as co-formers for co-amorphous mixtures of a Biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class IV drug, furosemide (FUR). FUR mixtures with VER, PIP [...] Read more.
In this study, the amino acid arginine (ARG) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors verapamil hydrochloride (VER), piperine (PIP) and quercetin (QRT) were used as co-formers for co-amorphous mixtures of a Biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class IV drug, furosemide (FUR). FUR mixtures with VER, PIP and QRT were prepared by solvent evaporation, and mixtures with ARG were prepared by spray drying in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratios. The solid-state properties of the mixtures were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in stability studies under different storage conditions. Simultaneous dissolution/permeation studies were conducted in side-by-side diffusion cells with a PAMPA (parallel artificial membrane permeability assay) membrane as a permeation barrier. It was observed with XRPD that ARG, VER and PIP formed co-amorphous mixtures with FUR at both molar ratios. DSC and FTIR revealed single glass transition values for the mixtures (except for FUR:VER 1:2), with the formation of intermolecular interactions between the components, especially salt formation between FUR and ARG. The co-amorphous mixtures were found to be stable for at least two months under an elevated temperature/humidity, except FUR:ARG 1:2, which was sensitive to humidity. The dissolution/permeation studies showed that only the co-amorphous FUR:ARG mixtures were able to enhance both the dissolution and permeation of FUR. Thus, it is concluded that formulating co-amorphous salts with ARG may be a promising option for poorly soluble/permeable FUR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Co-Amorphous Drug Formulations)
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Review

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43 pages, 4071 KiB  
Review
Co-Amorphous Drug Formulations in Numbers: Recent Advances in Co-Amorphous Drug Formulations with Focus on Co-Formability, Molar Ratio, Preparation Methods, Physical Stability, In Vitro and In Vivo Performance, and New Formulation Strategies
by Jingwen Liu, Holger Grohganz, Korbinian Löbmann, Thomas Rades and Nele-Johanna Hempel
Pharmaceutics 2021, 13(3), 389; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13030389 - 15 Mar 2021
Cited by 77 | Viewed by 8481
Abstract
Co-amorphous drug delivery systems (CAMS) are characterized by the combination of two or more (initially crystalline) low molecular weight components that form a homogeneous single-phase amorphous system. Over the past decades, CAMS have been widely investigated as a promising approach to address the [...] Read more.
Co-amorphous drug delivery systems (CAMS) are characterized by the combination of two or more (initially crystalline) low molecular weight components that form a homogeneous single-phase amorphous system. Over the past decades, CAMS have been widely investigated as a promising approach to address the challenge of low water solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients. Most of the studies on CAMS were performed on a case-by-case basis, and only a few systematic studies are available. A quantitative analysis of the literature on CAMS under certain aspects highlights not only which aspects have been of great interest, but also which future developments are necessary to expand this research field. This review provides a comprehensive updated overview on the current published work on CAMS using a quantitative approach, focusing on three critical quality attributes of CAMS, i.e., co-formability, physical stability, and dissolution performance. Specifically, co-formability, molar ratio of drug and co-former, preparation methods, physical stability, and in vitro and in vivo performance were covered. For each aspect, a quantitative assessment on the current status was performed, allowing both recent advances and remaining research gaps to be identified. Furthermore, novel research aspects such as the design of ternary CAMS are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Co-Amorphous Drug Formulations)
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