Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plant Growth and Development

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 3937

Special Issue Editors

1. Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799, Jimei Road, Xiamen 361021, China
2. Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
Interests: urban metabolism and environmental effects; carbon and nitrogen transformation and environmental effects; organic solid waste utilization and pollutants; carbon reduction
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Guest Editor
School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
Interests: nutrient cycling; environmental impacts and management in soil-plant systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Macronutrients and micronutrients have very important roles in plant growth and development; for example, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are significance for supporting crop production and maintaining food security at the regional and global scale. However, the imbalance and overuse of N and P in agricultural ecosystems have already resulted in soil acidification, greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, eutrophication, no-point source pollution, etc. At present, the substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer is regarded as an effective measure to reduce chemical fertilizer application, and organic farms have started springing up in recently years. To the best of my knowledge, there is a relatively high content of micronutrients in animal wastes, e.g., Cu and Zn; thus, the application of animal manure will generate potential effects on soil micronutrient contents and crop uptake. Improving macronutrient and micronutrient use efficiencies and reducing associated pollutant emissions and food security risks by optimizing their management practices are vital goals for the green and low-carbon development of agriculture. However, the impacts of different management strategies on the dynamics of soil macronutrient and micronutrient contents, crop uptake, plant growth and development, N and P, and other macronutrient and micronutrient cycles in agricultural food systems are not well understand.

Dr. Bing Gao
Dr. Chong Zhang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • macronutrients and micronutrients in soils, e.g., C/N/P/S/K/Ca/Mg/Fe/Mn/Cu/Zn/B
  • nutrients transformation and uptake
  • plant growth and development
  • nutrients use efficiencies
  • nutrients losses
  • nitrate leaching
  • ammonia volatilization
  • N and P surface run-off
  • heavy metal content in soil and crops

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2650 KiB  
Article
Phosphorus Fertilization and Chemical Root Pruning: Effects on Root Traits During the Nursery Stage in Two Mediterranean Species from Central Chile
by Fiorella Calderón-Ureña, Carolina Álvarez-Maldini, Manuel Acevedo, Manuel E. Sánchez-Olate, R. Kasten Dumroese, Antay Sierra-Olea, Juan F. Ovalle and Edwin Esquivel-Segura
Plants 2025, 14(2), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14020195 - 12 Jan 2025
Viewed by 785
Abstract
The role of a plant root system in resource acquisition is relevant to confront drought events caused by climate change. Accordingly, nursery practices like phosphorous (P) fertilization and root pruning have been shown to modify root architecture; however, their combined benefits require further [...] Read more.
The role of a plant root system in resource acquisition is relevant to confront drought events caused by climate change. Accordingly, nursery practices like phosphorous (P) fertilization and root pruning have been shown to modify root architecture; however, their combined benefits require further investigation in Mediterranean species. We evaluated the effect of applied P concentrations (0, 15, 60, and 120 mg L−1 P) with or without chemical (copper) root pruning (WCu, WoCu, respectively) in Aristotelia chilensis and Quillaja saponaria on morpho-physiological and root architecture traits. Higher P concentration increased nutrient content in both species concurrent with higher growth. In A. chilensis, higher P concentrations only increased the length and volume of medium roots. In Q. saponaria, P additions increased root length and diameter and the length and volume of fine and medium roots. The root-to-shoot ratio declined with WCu in A. chilensis (23.1%) and Q. saponaria (15.7%). Unlike our hypothesis, fine root architecture remained unaffected with root pruning in A. chilensis, while fine root length and volume decreased with increasing P concentrations in Q. saponaria. Thus, P fertilization enhances root development more consistently than root pruning, highlighting the need for further testing under water deficit conditions to optimize nursery practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plant Growth and Development)
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16 pages, 1927 KiB  
Article
Exploring Microelement Fertilization and Visible–Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Enhanced Productivity in Capsicum annuum and Cyprinus carpio Aquaponic Systems
by Ivaylo Sirakov, Stefka Stoyanova, Katya Velichkova, Desislava Slavcheva-Sirakova, Elitsa Valkova, Dimitar Yorgov, Petya Veleva and Stefka Atanassova
Plants 2024, 13(24), 3566; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13243566 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 767
Abstract
This study explores the effects of varying exposure times of microelement fertilization on hydrochemical parameters, plant growth, and nutrient content in an aquaponic system cultivating Capsicum annuum L. (pepper) with Cyprinus carpio (Common carp L.). It also investigates the potential of visible–near-infrared [...] Read more.
This study explores the effects of varying exposure times of microelement fertilization on hydrochemical parameters, plant growth, and nutrient content in an aquaponic system cultivating Capsicum annuum L. (pepper) with Cyprinus carpio (Common carp L.). It also investigates the potential of visible–near-infrared (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy to differentiate between treated plants based on their spectral characteristics. The findings aim to enhance the understanding of microelement dynamics in aquaponics and optimize the use of VIS-NIR spectroscopy for nutrient and stress detection in crops. The effects of microelement exposure on the growth and health of Cyprinus carpio (Common carp L.) in an aquaponic system are investigated, demonstrating a 100% survival rate and optimal growth performance. The findings suggest that microelement treatments, when applied within safe limits, can enhance system productivity without compromising fish health. Concerning hydrochemical parameters, conductivity remained stable, with values ranging from 271.66 to 297.66 μS/cm, while pH and dissolved oxygen levels were within optimal ranges for aquaponic systems. Ammonia nitrogen levels decreased significantly in treated variants, suggesting improved water quality, while nitrate and orthophosphate reductions indicated an enhanced plant nutrient uptake. The findings underscore the importance of managing water chemistry to maintain a balanced and productive aquaponic system. The increase in root length observed in treatments 2 and 6 suggests that certain microelement exposure times may enhance root development, with treatment 6 showing the longest roots (58.33 cm). Despite this, treatment 2 had a lower biomass (61.2 g), indicating that root growth did not necessarily translate into increased plant weight, possibly due to energy being directed towards root development over fruit production. In contrast, treatment 6 showed both the greatest root length and the highest weight (133.4 g), suggesting a positive correlation between root development and fruit biomass. Yield data revealed that treatment 4 produced the highest yield (0.144 g), suggesting an optimal exposure time before nutrient imbalances negatively impact growth. These results highlight the complexity of microelement exposure in aquaponic systems, emphasizing the importance of fine-tuning exposure times to balance root growth, biomass, and yield for optimal plant development. The spectral characteristics of the visible–near-infrared region of pepper plants treated with microelements revealed subtle differences, particularly in the green (534–555 nm) and red edge (680–750 nm) regions. SIMCA models successfully classified control and treated plants with a misclassification rate of only 1.6%, highlighting the effectiveness of the spectral data for plant differentiation. Key wavelengths for distinguishing plant classes were 468 nm, 537 nm, 687 nm, 728 nm, and 969 nm, which were closely related to plant pigment content and nutrient status. These findings suggest that spectral analysis can be a valuable tool for the non-destructive assessment of plant health and nutrient status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plant Growth and Development)
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13 pages, 2351 KiB  
Article
Selenium Nanoparticles Regulate Antioxidant Enzymes and Flavonoid Compounds in Fagopyrum dibotrys
by Ting Hu, Sasa Zhang, Kui Li and Yanbin Guo
Plants 2024, 13(21), 3098; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13213098 - 3 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1180
Abstract
Fagopyrum dibotrys is a herbal plant. Selenium (Se) is a beneficial element for plants; selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are gaining importance in food and agriculture due to their low toxicity and high activity. This study revealed that foliar application of SeNPs enhanced superoxide dismutase, [...] Read more.
Fagopyrum dibotrys is a herbal plant. Selenium (Se) is a beneficial element for plants; selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are gaining importance in food and agriculture due to their low toxicity and high activity. This study revealed that foliar application of SeNPs enhanced superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and peroxisome activities and significantly enhanced the flavonoid compound content in F. dibotrys. SeNPs with a concentration of 5.0 mg L−1 also promoted the growth of F. dibotrys. The foliar application of SeNPs could be absorbed by pores in leaves of F. dibotrys and mainly transformed to selenomethionine (32.5–43.2%) and selenocysteine (23.4–38.4%) in leaves and tubers of F. dibotrys. Consequently, this study offers a profound understanding of plants’ uptake and biotransformation of SeNPs. Furthermore, the findings of this study have suggested that SeNPs can be applied to improve the quantity and quality of the herbal plant of F. dibotrys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macronutrients and Micronutrients in Plant Growth and Development)
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