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Oxidative Stress, PolyADP(ribosyl)ation and Antioxidant Defenses in Plants
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Oxidative Stress, PolyADP(ribosyl)ation and Antioxidant Defenses in Plants

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Physiology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 10047

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Anna De Maio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 80126 Naples, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; poly(ADPribosyl)ation; antioxidant enzyme; total soluble and fat soluble antioxidant capacity; biosensors; pollution biomarker; lipid peroxidation
Prof. Dr. Carmen Arena

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Unversity of Naples “Federico II”, Naples 80126, NA, Italy
Interests: plant ecology; photosynthetic regulation mechanisms; antioxidant defences; plant–soil interactions; plants and abiotic stress; pollutants and photosynthesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

Plants, as sessile organisms, are continually subject to a wide range of stresses, responsible for the induction of oxidative stress, due to an intracellular increase of ROS. These species may oxidize the amino acid residues of proteins and cause membrane lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. Overproduction of ROS during stress events may damage the plant photosynthetic apparatus, determining photooxidation of photosynthetic pigments, inactivation of enzymes involved in carbon fixation reactions and, finally, induce cell death. Plants have many mechanisms to counteract injuries, among them poly(ADP)ribosylation which represents one of the first molecular responses to DNA oxidative damage. This process has been widely described in both animal and plants, where it plays a crucial role in several cellular and molecular functions, such as DNA repair, regulation of transcription and replication, and modulation of chromatin compaction. 

In the presence of different kinds of injuries, ionizing radiation or various abiotic or biotic stresses, significant modulation of poly(ADP)ribosylation occurs, enabling plants to tolerate the stress. This evidence suggests the possibility to utilize PARPs as a “plant health marker”. ROS overproduction of in-plant cells can also trigger the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms that confer on plants the ability to counteract the oxidative stress. The enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms include the interaction of different enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). 

This Special Issue is focused on the role and the importance of defense mechanisms in plants to face oxidative stress. We encourage the submission of articles (original research papers, perspectives, hypotheses, opinions, reviews, modeling approaches and methods) confirming the effectiveness of already known markers to monitor growth, development, and health status of plants exposed to different kinds of stress and particularly welcome contributions on the identification of new markers of plant health status in the context of the polluted environment. 

Prof. Dr. Anna De Maio
Prof. Dr. Carmen Arena
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photosynthesis under stress
  • pollution environments
  • plant acclimation
  • poly(ADPribosyl)ation
  • ROS
  • oxidative stress
  • non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense
  • biomarker
  • DNA damage
  • lipid peroxidation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2183 KiB  
Article
Role of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) Enzyme in the Systemic Acquired Acclimation Induced by Light Stress in Phaseolus vulgaris L. Plants
by Luca Vitale, Ermenegilda Vitale, Anna Rita Bianchi, Anna De Maio and Carmen Arena
Plants 2022, 11(14), 1870; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11141870 - 18 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1829
Abstract
Plants are able to acclimate to environmental constraints through functional modifications that may also occur in tissues that are not directly exposed to stress. This process is termed “systemic acquired acclimation.” The present study aims to evaluate the involvement of PolyADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) [...] Read more.
Plants are able to acclimate to environmental constraints through functional modifications that may also occur in tissues that are not directly exposed to stress. This process is termed “systemic acquired acclimation.” The present study aims to evaluate the involvement of PolyADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein in the acclimation process to high light (HL) stress in Phaseolus vulgaris plants. For this purpose, some leaves located at the top of the plant, in the apical position, were directly exposed to HL (“inducing” leaves), while others on the same plant, distal from the top, continued to be exposed to growth light (“receiving” leaves) to verify the hypothesis that an “alert” message may be transferred from injured tissues to distal ones. Biochemical and eco-physiological analyses, namely PARP activity, H2O2 and water- and fat-soluble antioxidants (i.e., ascorbic acid, tocopherol, glutathione (GSH), phenols, carotenoids, etc.) content, and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements were performed on both “inducing” and “receiving” leaves. Even if no change in PARP expression was found, its activity increased in “receiving” unstressed leaves in response to the light stress duration experimented by “inducing” leaves, while antioxidant capacity declined. When the “receiving” leaves were exposed to HL, the PARP activity returned to the control value, while antioxidant capacity photosynthetic electron transport rate (Jf) decreased and increased, respectively, compared to Control. Our results seem to show an acclimation pathway triggered in remote tissues not yet subjected to stress, likely involving a reactive oxygen species wave activating the PARP enzyme in a mechanism still to be clarified. In addition, the increased tolerance of plants directly exposed to HL could implicate a boosted synthesis of soluble antioxidants accompanied by a reduction of PARP activity to reduce excessive consumption of NAD(P). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, PolyADP(ribosyl)ation and Antioxidant Defenses in Plants)
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10 pages, 3281 KiB  
Communication
Polyamine Oxidation Is Indispensable for Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Oxidative Response and Necrotic Reactions during Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) Infection
by Marta Dmochowska-Boguta, Yuliya Kloc and Waclaw Orczyk
Plants 2021, 10(12), 2787; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122787 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2378
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide is a signal and effector molecule in the plant response to pathogen infection. Wheat resistance to Puccinia triticina Eriks. is associated with necrosis triggered by oxidative burst. We investigated which enzyme system dominated in host oxidative reaction to P. triticina [...] Read more.
Hydrogen peroxide is a signal and effector molecule in the plant response to pathogen infection. Wheat resistance to Puccinia triticina Eriks. is associated with necrosis triggered by oxidative burst. We investigated which enzyme system dominated in host oxidative reaction to P. triticina infection. The susceptible Thatcher cultivar and isogenic lines with defined resistance genes were inoculated with P. triticina spores. Using diamine oxidase (DAO) and polyamine oxidase (PAO) inhibitors, accumulation of H2O2 was analyzed in the infection sites. Both enzymes participated in the oxidative burst during compatible and incompatible interactions. Accumulation of H2O2 in guard cells, i.e., the first phase of the response, depended on DAO and the role of PAO was negligible. During the second phase, the patterns of H2O2 accumulation in the infection sites were more complex. Accumulation of H2O2 during compatible interaction (Thatcher and TcLr34 line) moderately depended on DAO and the reaction of TcLr34 was stronger than that of Thatcher. Accumulation of H2O2 during incompatible interaction of moderately resistant plants (TcLr24, TcLr25 and TcLr29) was DAO-dependent in TcLr29, while the changes in the remaining lines were not statistically significant. A strong oxidative burst in resistant plants (TcLr9, TcLr19, TcLr26) was associated with both enzymes’ activities in TcLr9 and only with DAO in TcLr19 and TcLr26. The results are discussed in relation to other host oxidative systems, necrosis, and resistance level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, PolyADP(ribosyl)ation and Antioxidant Defenses in Plants)
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8 pages, 897 KiB  
Communication
Pilot Study: Does Contamination with Enniatin B and Beauvericin Affect the Antioxidant Capacity of Cereals Commonly Used in Animal Feeding?
by Valentina Serra, Giancarlo Salvatori and Grazia Pastorelli
Plants 2021, 10(9), 1835; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091835 - 3 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2066
Abstract
Increasing consumption of cereals has been associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases, as they contain phytochemicals that combat oxidative stress. Cereal contamination by the “emerging mycotoxins” beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (ENs) is a worldwide health problem that has not yet received [...] Read more.
Increasing consumption of cereals has been associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases, as they contain phytochemicals that combat oxidative stress. Cereal contamination by the “emerging mycotoxins” beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (ENs) is a worldwide health problem that has not yet received adequate scientific attention. Their presence in feeds represents a risk for animals and a potential risk for humans because of their carry-over to animal-derived products. This preliminary study aimed to investigate if the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of corn, barley, and wheat flours could be influenced by contamination with increasing levels of BEA and ENN B. The highest TAC value was observed in barley compared with wheat and corn (p < 0.001) before and after contamination. No effect of mycotoxin or mycotoxin level was found, whereas cereal x mycotoxin exhibited a significant effect (p < 0.001), showing a lower TAC value in wheat contaminated by ENN B and in barley contaminated by BEA. In conclusion, barley is confirmed as a source of natural antioxidants with antiradical potentials. Additional studies with a larger sample size are necessary to confirm the obtained results, and investigations of the toxic effects of these emergent mycotoxins on animals and humans should be deepened. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, PolyADP(ribosyl)ation and Antioxidant Defenses in Plants)
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12 pages, 2899 KiB  
Article
Oxidative Status and Antioxidative Response to Fusarium Attack and Different Nitrogen Levels in Winter Wheat Varieties
by Magdalena Matić, Rosemary Vuković, Karolina Vrandečić, Ivna Štolfa Čamagajevac, Jasenka Ćosić, Ana Vuković, Kristina Sabljić, Nikolina Sabo, Krešimir Dvojković and Dario Novoselović
Plants 2021, 10(4), 611; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040611 - 24 Mar 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2766
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses, such as mineral nutrition deficiency (especially nitrogen) and Fusarium attack, pose a global threat with devastating impact on wheat yield and quality losses worldwide. This preliminary study aimed to determine the effect of Fusarium inoculation and two different nitrogen [...] Read more.
Abiotic and biotic stresses, such as mineral nutrition deficiency (especially nitrogen) and Fusarium attack, pose a global threat with devastating impact on wheat yield and quality losses worldwide. This preliminary study aimed to determine the effect of Fusarium inoculation and two different nitrogen levels on oxidative status and antioxidative response in nine wheat varieties. Level of lipid peroxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase), phenolics, and chloroplast pigments content were measured. In general, wheat variety, nitrogen, and Fusarium treatment had an impact on all tested parameters. The most significant effect had a low nitrogen level itself, which mostly decreased activities of all antioxidant enzymes and reduced the chloroplast pigment content. At low nitrogen level, Fusarium treatment increased activities of some antioxidative enzymes, while in a condition of high nitrogen levels, antioxidative enzyme activities were mostly decreased due to Fusarium treatment. The obtained results provided a better understanding on wheat defense mechanisms against F. culmorum, under different nitrogen treatments and can serve as an additional tool in assessing wheat tolerance to various environmental stress conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress, PolyADP(ribosyl)ation and Antioxidant Defenses in Plants)
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