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Physiological Principle Application to Improve Resilience of Tree Crops
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Physiological Principle Application to Improve Resilience of Tree Crops

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Physiology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 9593

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Sergio Tombesi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DiProVeS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
Interests: pomology; tree crop physiology; water relations; tree crop management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tree crop management is based on the integration of the botanical and physiological characteristics of each species with the technical and socio-economical features of each cultivation area. Climate mutations are significantly changing many aspects of tree crop management and the suitability of species/genotypes for a specific environment. Understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying the response of the plant to the climate mutation is one of the most promising strategies to drive the development of new tools that can contribute to improving crop management and help to shorten the selection period of new genotypes more resilient to the changing environment. This Special Issue in Plants will cover:

Genotypic variability in the regulation of gas exchange and plant–water relations in response to climatic variables;

Determination of the physiological implication of horticultural practices aimed at mitigating the impact of climate change on tree crops;

Development of physiological markers for the exploitation of tree crop biodiversity and the selection of resilient cultivars.

Dr. Sergio Tombesi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tree ecophysiology
  • carbon assimilation
  • crop management
  • climate change
  • drought stress
  • chilling requirement
  • winter frost
  • spring frost

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2471 KiB  
Article
The Decrease of Leaf Dark Respiration during Water Stress Is Related to Leaf Non-Structural Carbohydrate Pool in Vitis vinifera L.
by Sergio Tombesi, Tommaso Frioni, Francesca Grisafi, Paolo Sabbatini, Stefano Poni and Alberto Palliotti
Plants 2022, 11(1), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11010036 - 23 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2910
Abstract
Dark respiration (Rd) is a fundamental plant process used to gain biomass and maintain plant physiological activity. It accounts for the metabolization of a large share of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis. However, Rd during conditions of severe plant water [...] Read more.
Dark respiration (Rd) is a fundamental plant process used to gain biomass and maintain plant physiological activity. It accounts for the metabolization of a large share of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis. However, Rd during conditions of severe plant water stress is still poorly understood. The decrease in leaf transpiration increases temperature, one of the most important drivers of leaf Rd. On the other hand, water stress decreases the pool of leaf carbohydrates, which are the most important substrate for respiration. The aim of the present work was to determine the impact of water shortage on leaf Rd in grapevine and understand the driving factors in modulating leaf Rd response under plant water stress conditions. Water stressed vines had lower Rd as the water shortage severity increased. Rd was correlated with leaf temperature in well-watered vines. Instead, in water stressed vines, Rd correlated with leaf soluble sugars. The decrease of leaf Rd in water stressed vines was due to the decrease of leaf non-structural carbohydrate that, under water stress conditions, exerted a limiting effect on Rd. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Principle Application to Improve Resilience of Tree Crops)
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17 pages, 7131 KiB  
Communication
Ectomycorrhizal Inoculation Enhances the Salt Tolerance of Quercus mongolica Seedlings
by Xiao-Ning Bai, Han Hao, Zeng-Hui Hu and Ping-Sheng Leng
Plants 2021, 10(9), 1790; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10091790 - 27 Aug 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2261
Abstract
Salt stress harms the growth and development of plants, and the degree of soil salinization in North China is becoming increasingly severe. Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) is a symbiotic system formed by fungi and plants that can improve the growth and salt tolerance of plants. [...] Read more.
Salt stress harms the growth and development of plants, and the degree of soil salinization in North China is becoming increasingly severe. Ectomycorrhiza (ECM) is a symbiotic system formed by fungi and plants that can improve the growth and salt tolerance of plants. No studies to date have examined the salt tolerance of Quercus mongolica, a typical ectomycorrhizal tree species of temperate forests in the northern hemisphere. Here, we inoculated Q. mongolica with two ectomycorrhizal fungi (Gomphidius viscidus; Suillus luteus) under NaCl stress to characterize the effects of ECM. The results showed that the symbiotic relationship of Q. mongolica with G. viscidus was more stable than that with S. luteus. The cross-sectional area of roots increased after inoculation with the two types of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Compared with the control group, plant height, soluble sugar content, and soluble protein content of leaves were 1.62, 2.41, and 2.04 times higher in the G. viscidus group, respectively. Chlorophyll (Chl) content, stomatal conductance (Gs), and intracellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were significantly higher in Q. mongolica inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi than in the control, but differences in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), and photosystem II maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) were lower. The relative conductivity of Q. mongolica inoculated with the two ectomycorrhizal fungi was consistently lower than that of non-mycorrhizal seedlings, with the effect of G. viscidus more pronounced than that of S. luteus. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content showed a similar pattern. Peroxidase (POD) and catylase (CAT) levels in mycorrhizal seedlings were generally higher than those of non-mycorrhizal seedlings under normal conditions, and were significantly higher than those of non-mycorrhizal seedlings on the 36th and 48th day after salt treatment, respectively. Overall, the results indicated that the salt tolerance of Q. mongolica seedlings was improved by ectomycorrhizal inoculation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Principle Application to Improve Resilience of Tree Crops)
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19 pages, 3209 KiB  
Article
Rootstocks with Different Vigor Influenced Scion–Water Relations and Stress Responses in AmbrosiaTM Apple Trees (Malus Domestica var. Ambrosia)
by Hao Xu and Danielle Ediger
Plants 2021, 10(4), 614; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10040614 - 24 Mar 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3807
Abstract
In recent years, awareness has been raised around the benefits of diversifying rootstocks, in order to enhance tree health and sustain apple fruit production under the influence of climate change. However, performances of many rootstocks under stresses remain unclear. This study aimed to [...] Read more.
In recent years, awareness has been raised around the benefits of diversifying rootstocks, in order to enhance tree health and sustain apple fruit production under the influence of climate change. However, performances of many rootstocks under stresses remain unclear. This study aimed to set the first step towards a much-needed comprehensive evaluation on water relationships and stress responses of scion–rootstock systems for the popular apple cultivar AmbrosiaTM (Malus domestica var. Ambrosia), because its production and horticultural knowledge had been largely limited to the Malling 9 rootstock (M.9). Five rootstocks were evaluated in a greenhouse water deficit experiment and at the onset of heat stress in a field trial in Summerland, British Columbia, Canada. Multiple stress indicators of leaves and fruits were analyzed to elucidate water use strategies and drought resistance mechanisms. The rootstocks led to differences in scion vigor, and stomatal and photosynthetic characteristics. The largest semi-dwarfing Geneva 202 (G.202) demonstrated more water use and higher stress susceptibility. Large dwarfing Geneva 935 (G.935) and Malling 26 (M.26) showed more stringent stomatal control and reduced water use under stresses, typical of a drought-avoidance strategy. The smallest large dwarfing M.9NIC29® and the small dwarfing Budagovsky 9 (B.9) led to smaller and denser stomata. B.9 demonstrated the most stable water status and drought tolerance. The study suggested that scion stress responses were influenced by rootstock vigor and tree water use strategies. It implied the necessity of vigor-specific irrigation management for alleviating stresses and achieving production goals of different rootstocks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological Principle Application to Improve Resilience of Tree Crops)
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