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Plants
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Regulation of Root Growth and Elongation
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Regulation of Root Growth and Elongation

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Development and Morphogenesis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 10258

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Hironaka Tsukagoshi

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Agriculture, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
Interests: root development; transcription network; cell differentiation; reactive oxygen species; signal transduction; abiotic stress response
Dr. Takehiro Kamiya

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
Interests: casparian strip; suberin; endodermis; nutrient; ionome
Dr. Mary Paz González García

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas CBGP (UPM-INIA), Department of Plant Development, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), 28223 Madrid, Spain
Interests: growth; root development; abiotic stress; phosphate starvation; cell types; plant telomeres; stem cells

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Roots play several important roles in providing structural support to entire plants, water and nutrients uptake from soil, and serving as the major interface between the plant and various biotic and abiotic factors in the soil environment. Achieving a sufficient root system is critical for whole-plant growth. This is also important for improving crop yield from an agricultural aspect. At the root tip, new cells are provided at the meristematic zone. After proliferation, root cells rapidly elongate in the elongation zone. For normal root growth, it is very important for keeping the balance between cell proliferation and cell elongation. With recent developments in molecular genetics, details of the molecular mechanisms of many players that regulate root growth through this balance have been elucidated. Plant hormones and other factors, such as inorganic ions, reactive oxygen species play an important role in regulating root growth. Under these signal molecules, complex transcriptional networks are working to regulate actual cellular events, such as cell cycle regulation, and cell wall modification. Furthermore, root cell differentiation, including developing vasculature and root hairs, are also strictly regulated by signal molecules. Moreover, these signals have complex crosstalk, which also controls the balance between root development and stress responses.

Despite recent excellent findings concerning root growth mechanisms, a complete understanding of root development still requires the identification of new regulators that play important roles in the complex signaling. Therefore, this Special Issue encourages the publication of reviews and/or experimental research dealing with morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects related to root growth and elongation, and investigating specific aspects of root system architectures in both the model plants and crops.

Dr. Hironaka Tsukagoshi
Dr. Takehiro Kamiya
Dr. Mary Paz González García
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hormone signaling
  • crosstalk
  • transcriptional network
  • root zonation
  • cell proliferation
  • cell elongation
  • cell differentiation
  • cell wall modification
  • root development

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3725 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Root Induction from Argan (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) Adventitious Shoots: Influence of Ammonium Nitrate, Auxins, Silver Nitrate and Putrescine, and Evaluation of Plantlet Acclimatization
by Ilham Amghar, Mohammed Ibriz, Maha Ibrahimi, Abdelaali Boudra, Fatima Gaboun, Reda Meziani, Driss Iraqi, Mouaad Amine Mazri, Ghizlane Diria and Rabha Abdelwahd
Plants 2021, 10(6), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061062 - 26 May 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4273
Abstract
Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels is an endangered plant species endemic to Morocco. In recent years, attempts to develop in vitro regeneration systems for this species were made. However, rooting and acclimatization of in vitro plants have been a bottleneck for successful propagation. In [...] Read more.
Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels is an endangered plant species endemic to Morocco. In recent years, attempts to develop in vitro regeneration systems for this species were made. However, rooting and acclimatization of in vitro plants have been a bottleneck for successful propagation. In the present study, the effects of different concentrations of auxins, putrescine, silver nitrate (AgNO3) and ammonium nitrate on the in vitro rooting of adventitious shoots of two argan genotypes “Mejji” and “R’zwa”, were evaluated. The highest rooting percentages (86.6% in “Mejji” and 84.4% in “R’zwa”) were observed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium modified by reducing the ammonium nitrate concentration and supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 0.5 mg L−1 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2 mg L−1 AgNO3 and 160 mg L−1 putrescine. This medium resulted in the development of a good root system after only 10 days of culture. Plantlet acclimatization was carried out using different substrate mixtures, and high survival rates (100%) were observed when the substrate contained either peat alone or a sand–peat mixture (1:1, w/w). The high percentages of rooting and acclimatization reported in the present study are of high importance for rapid and large-scale propagation of this endangered species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Root Growth and Elongation)
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14 pages, 5032 KiB  
Article
Some Mechanisms Modulating the Root Growth of Various Wheat Species under Osmotic-Stress Conditions
by Nina V. Terletskaya, Tamara E. Lee, Nazira A. Altayeva, Nataliya O. Kudrina, Irina V. Blavachinskaya and Ulzhan Erezhetova
Plants 2020, 9(11), 1545; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111545 - 11 Nov 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2283
Abstract
The role of the root in water supply and plant viability is especially important if plants are subjected to stress at the juvenile stage. This article describes the study of morphophysiological and cytological responses, as well as elements of the anatomical structure of [...] Read more.
The role of the root in water supply and plant viability is especially important if plants are subjected to stress at the juvenile stage. This article describes the study of morphophysiological and cytological responses, as well as elements of the anatomical structure of primary roots of three wheat species, Triticum monococcum L., Triticum dicoccum Shuebl., and Triticum aestivum L., to osmotic stress. It was shown that the degree of plasticity of root morphology in water deficit affected the growth and development of aboveground organs. It was found that in conditions of osmotic stress, the anatomical root modulations were species-specific. In control conditions the increase in absolute values of root diameter was reduced with the increase in the ploidy of wheat species. Species-specific cytological responses to water deficit of apical meristem cells were also shown. The development of plasmolysis, interpreted as a symptom of reduced viability apical meristem cells, was revealed. A significant increase in enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase under osmotic stress was found to be one of the mechanisms that could facilitate root elongation in adverse conditions. The tetraploid species T. dicoccum Shuebl. were confirmed as a source of traits of drought tolerant primary root system for crosses with wheat cultivars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Root Growth and Elongation)
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16 pages, 1657 KiB  
Article
Osmotic Stress Leads to Significant Changes in Rice Root Metabolic Profiles between Tolerant and Sensitive Genotypes
by Maya Matsunami, Kyoko Toyofuku, Natsumi Kimura and Atsushi Ogawa
Plants 2020, 9(11), 1503; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111503 - 6 Nov 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2509
Abstract
To breed osmotic stress-tolerant rice, the mechanisms involved in maintaining root growth under osmotic stress is important to elucidate. In this study, two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, IR 58 (stress-tolerant cultivar) and Basilanon (stress-sensitive cultivar), were used. After 1, 3, and [...] Read more.
To breed osmotic stress-tolerant rice, the mechanisms involved in maintaining root growth under osmotic stress is important to elucidate. In this study, two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, IR 58 (stress-tolerant cultivar) and Basilanon (stress-sensitive cultivar), were used. After 1, 3, and 7 days of −0.42 MPa osmotic stress treatment induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000, root metabolomes were analyzed, yielding 276 detected compounds. Among 276 metabolites, 102 metabolites increased with the duration of the stress treatment in IR 58 roots, and only nine metabolites decreased. In contrast, 51 metabolites increased, and 45 metabolites decreased in Basilanon roots. Principal component analysis (PCA) scores clearly indicated differences between the cultivars and the treatments. Pathway analysis showed that the metabolites exhibiting stress-induced increases in IR 58 were those involved in sugar metabolism (such as sucrose 6’-phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate), polyamine and phenylpropanoid metabolisms (such as spermine, spermidine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)), and glutathione metabolism (such as glutathione, cysteine, cadaverine). IR 58 roots showed an increase in the most proteinogenic amino acids such as proline, serine, glutamine and asparagine. It was also maintained or increased the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (citric acid, cis-Aconitic acid, isocitric acid, fumaric acid, malic acid) under osmotic stress compared with that under control. Therefore, IR 58 actively synthesized various metabolites, and the increase in these metabolites contributed to the maintenance of important biological functions such as energy production and antioxidant defense to promote root development under osmotic stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Regulation of Root Growth and Elongation)
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