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Degradation and Stabilization of Polymer Materials 2nd Edition

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Circular and Green Sustainable Polymer Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 March 2026 | Viewed by 10165

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: polymers, composite materials; accelerated ageing; physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, morphological, analysis; renewable resources and circular economy
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Guest Editor
Innovation Engineering Department, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: cold-cured adhesives and matrices for FRP employed in constructions; polymeric nanostructured adhesives and coatings; hydrophobic coatings for stone conservation and wood protection; durability of polymers, adhesives and coatings; eco-efficient materials for construction and cultural heritage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Milan Vidmar Electric Power Research Institute, Hajdrihova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: hazardous and radioactive waste materials; radioactive materials/fuel; electromagnetic irradiation; radiation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This proposed Special Issue aims to delve into the intricate degradation processes of various polymers, from their creation, through their use and, finally, to their possible transformation into microplastics, shedding light on the importance of natural and artificial plastic ageing, with a particular focus on the influential role of UV radiation in the breakdown of plastics into microplastics and the further breakdown of microplastics into nanoplastics.

To research the recycling processes used for polymers and circular economy activities with the aim to protect nature, polymer/microplastic’s impact on the environment, possibly through a life cycle assessment, and an evaluation of terrestrial and aquatic organisms’ impacts are crucial.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the complex processes in the degradation of various polymers, with special emphasis on the identification, characterization and investigation of the impact of microplastics on the environment.

Highlights of this Special Issue:

  1. Revealing the mechanisms of polymer degradation, which include the investigation of natural and artificial ageing processes, which thus contribute to the formation of microplastics and even nanoplastics.
  2. Analysis of the role of UV radiation and other natural factors in the degradation of plastics from larger polymer structures into microplastics and further into nanoplastics.
  3. Research into the polymer recycling processes and circular economy activities aimed at protecting nature with a focus on investigating the impact of polymers/microplastics on the environment, including the use of a life cycle assessment methodology to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the ecological footprint associated with the different stages of production, use and disposal of polymers.
  4. Research into the impacts of polymer degradation, recycling and circular economy activities on living organisms (terrestrial and aquatic).
  5. Discussion of the implications of the research findings for conservation efforts and environmental policy. 

By addressing these key aspects, this Special Issue aims to contribute valuable insights into the complexities of polymer degradation and recycling and circular economy activities.

This Special Issue aims to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of microplastics on sustainability policy, on environmental, climate and other changes, and to offer insights that can inform future research and policy decisions.

Dr. Branka Mušič
Prof. Dr. Mariaenrica Frigione
Dr. Barbara Horvat
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • provide a comprehensive overview of the life cycle of polymers, from production to their environmental consequences
  • assess the environmental impact of plastics and microplastics on ecosystems
  • research the impact of UV radiation and other natural factors on the aging of plastic and its subsequent breakdown into micro- and nanoplastics
  • provide insights into the impact of plastics/microplastics on the implications of different mitigation strategies through recycling and the circular economy

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5417 KB  
Article
1H Time Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Oscillatory Rheology as a Tool for Uncovering the Impact of UV-C Radiation on Polypropylene
by Jessica Caroline Ferreira Gimenez, Sophia Helena Felisbino Bonatti, Marcos Vinícius Basaglia, Rodrigo Henrique dos Santos Garcia, Alef dos Santos, Lucas Henrique Staffa, Mazen Samara, Silvia Helena Prado Bettini, Eduardo Ribeiro de Azevedo, Emna Helal, Nicole Raymonde Demarquette, Manoel Gustavo Petrucelli Homem and Sandra Andrea Cruz
Polymers 2025, 17(20), 2727; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17202727 - 11 Oct 2025
Viewed by 208
Abstract
UV-C radiation has emerged as a germicidal agent against pathogens, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. While UV-C effectively reduces cross-contamination in hospitals, it induces photodegradation in polymer devices, potentially damaging and posing risks to patient safety. Therefore, it is crucial to detect the [...] Read more.
UV-C radiation has emerged as a germicidal agent against pathogens, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. While UV-C effectively reduces cross-contamination in hospitals, it induces photodegradation in polymer devices, potentially damaging and posing risks to patient safety. Therefore, it is crucial to detect the effects of UV-C photodegradation on early stages, as well as the effects of prolonged UV-C exposure. In this study, we investigated the UV-C photodegradation (254 nm, 471 kJ/mol) of isotactic polypropylene homopolymer (PP), commonly used in medication packaging. The impact of UV-C on PP was evaluated through rheology and infrared spectroscopy. Surface energy was measured by the contact angles formed by drops of water and diiodomethane. The effects of photodegradation on the polymer’s morphology were examined using scanning electron microscopy, and the melting temperature and crystallinity by differential scanning calorimetry. Lastly, the effect of UV-C on molecular mobility was studied using 1H Time Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H TD-NMR). These techniques proved to be valuable tools for identifying the early stages of UV-C photodegradation, and 1H TD-NMR was a sensitive method to identify the chain branching as a photodegradation product. This study highlights the impact of UV-C on PP photodegradation and hence the importance of understanding UV-C-induced degradation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Degradation and Stabilization of Polymer Materials 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 1413 KB  
Article
Evolution of Microplastics Released from Tea Bags into Water
by Alexander A. Yaroslavov, Anna A. Efimova, Tatyana E. Grokhovskaya, Anastasiia G. Badikova, Vasily V. Spiridonov, Denis V. Pozdyshev, Sergey V. Lyulin and Jose M. Kenny
Polymers 2025, 17(19), 2700; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17192700 - 7 Oct 2025
Viewed by 436
Abstract
Eight different types of tea bags were investigated in this work using dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic mobility and nanoparticle tracking analysis methods to determine the concentration and size of released particles from the bag materials at different temperatures and times. Infrared spectroscopy and [...] Read more.
Eight different types of tea bags were investigated in this work using dynamic light scattering, electrophoretic mobility and nanoparticle tracking analysis methods to determine the concentration and size of released particles from the bag materials at different temperatures and times. Infrared spectroscopy and calorimetric methods confirmed that the bag material consisted of synthetic (nylon or polypropylene) or natural polymers (cellulose). The size of the released particles lies in the range of 200 nm–1 µm with an initial bimodal distribution and with an average diameter of about 600 nm. The concentration of released particles increases with increasing temperature and brewing time. The released particles of synthetic polymers remain quite stable and are not affected by natural enzymes, while cellulose particles are easily degraded by the proteolytic complex Morikrase. When analyzing the electrophoretic mobility, it was found that the released particles have a negative surface charge, which probably determines the absence of cytotoxicity established on the epithelial cell line Caco-2 even at the maximum values of the observed particle concentrations (14 × 109 particle/L for synthetic polymers and 170 × 109 particle/L for cellulose). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Degradation and Stabilization of Polymer Materials 2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 2973 KB  
Article
Biodegradation Study of Food Packaging Materials: Assessment of the Impact of the Use of Different Biopolymers and Soil Characteristics
by Amanda Martinello Neres de Souza, Luisa Bataglin Avila, Camila Ramão Contessa, Alaor Valério Filho, Gabriela Silveira de Rosa and Caroline Costa Moraes
Polymers 2024, 16(20), 2940; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16202940 - 20 Oct 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3072
Abstract
In this article, the relationship between the properties of different membranes (agar, chitosan, and agar + chitosan) and biodegradability in natural and sterilized soil was investigated. The membranes under investigation exhibited variations in the biodegradation process, a phenomenon closely linked to both the [...] Read more.
In this article, the relationship between the properties of different membranes (agar, chitosan, and agar + chitosan) and biodegradability in natural and sterilized soil was investigated. The membranes under investigation exhibited variations in the biodegradation process, a phenomenon closely linked to both the soil microbiota composition and their water affinity. Higher solubility in water and greater swelling tendencies correlated with shorter initiation times for the biodegradation process in soil. Overall, all tested membranes began biodegradation within 14 days, as assessed through thickness and morphological analysis parameters, demonstrating a superior degradation rate compared to low-density polyethylene films. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Degradation and Stabilization of Polymer Materials 2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 15472 KB  
Article
Stabilization of Fish Protein-Based Adhesive by Reduction of Its Hygroscopicity
by Branka Mušič, Jaka Gašper Pečnik and Andreja Pondelak
Polymers 2024, 16(15), 2195; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16152195 - 1 Aug 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2690
Abstract
Protein-based fish adhesives have historically been used in various bonding applications; however, due to the protein’s high affinity for water absorption, these adhesives become destabilized in high-moisture environments, resulting in reduced bondline strength and early failure. This limitation makes them unsuitable for industrial [...] Read more.
Protein-based fish adhesives have historically been used in various bonding applications; however, due to the protein’s high affinity for water absorption, these adhesives become destabilized in high-moisture environments, resulting in reduced bondline strength and early failure. This limitation makes them unsuitable for industrial applications with higher demands. To address this issue, water-insoluble raw powder materials such as iron, copper, or zeolite were incorporated into natural fish adhesives. In this study, the hygroscopicity, dry matter content, thermal analysis (TGA/DSC), FT-IR spectroscopy, surface tension measurements, vapour permeability, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the modified adhesives were determined. In addition, the bonding properties of the modified adhesives were evaluated by the tensile shear strength of the lap joints, and mould growth was visually inspected. The resulting modified protein-based adhesives demonstrated improved stability in high humidity environments. Enhancing the hygroscopic properties of protein-based fish adhesives has the potential to unlock new opportunities and applications, providing a healthier and more environmentally sustainable alternative to petroleum-based adhesives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Degradation and Stabilization of Polymer Materials 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 7957 KB  
Article
Efficient Alcoholysis of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) by Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Green Solvent
by Yiwei Xu, Ran Cui, Yuqing Han, Jie Jiang, Dongdong Hu, Ling Zhao and Zhenhao Xi
Polymers 2024, 16(11), 1564; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16111564 - 31 May 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2401
Abstract
In order to reduce the environmental impact of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) plastic waste, supercritical fluids were used to facilitate effective recovery via improved solvent effects. This work focuses on the mechanisms of supercritical CO2 (ScCO2) during the alcoholysis processing of [...] Read more.
In order to reduce the environmental impact of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) plastic waste, supercritical fluids were used to facilitate effective recovery via improved solvent effects. This work focuses on the mechanisms of supercritical CO2 (ScCO2) during the alcoholysis processing of PET using systematic experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results of the alcoholysis experiment indicated that PET chips can be completely depolymerized within only an hour at 473 K assisted with ScCO2 at an optimal molar ratio of CO2/ethanol of 0.2. Random scission of PET dominates the early stage of the depolymerization reaction process, while specific scission dominates the following stage. Correspondingly, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations revealed that the solubilization and self-diffusion properties of ScCO2 facilitate the transportation of alcohol molecules into the bulk phase of PET, which leads to an accelerated diffusion of both oligomers and small molecules in the system. However, the presence of excessive CO2 has a negative impact on depolymerization by weakening the hydrogen bonding between polyester chain segments and ethanol, as well as decreasing the swelling degree of PET. These data provide a deep understanding of PET degradation by alcohols and the enhancement of ScCO2. It should be expected to achieve an efficient and high-yield depolymerization process of wasted polyesters assisted with ScCO2 at a relatively low temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Degradation and Stabilization of Polymer Materials 2nd Edition)
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