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Polymers
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Carbon Based on Fibers, Polymers and Composites
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Carbon Based on Fibers, Polymers and Composites

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Fibers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2021) | Viewed by 14950

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Thang Quyet Tran

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Additive Manufacturing Group, Manufacturing Process Division, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore, Singapore
Interests: 3D printing technology; composites; carbon nanomaterials; material extrusion additive manufacturing; composite fibers; aerogels
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue is motivated by the recent rapid growth on the design, fabrication and application of carbon based materials such as carbon black, carbon fibers, carbon nanotube, as well as graphene and their polymer composite in many fields such as structural reinforcements, medical and electronic devices, thermal management systems, and aerospace and automotive industry.

Generally, this special issue is oriented to all types of carbon based materials and their polymer composite, innovations in materials, improvements in fabrication technology and quality control to allow consistent performance and advanced multi-functionalities (physical, chemical, and biological functionalities) to make multipurpose products, smart materials and active devices, as well as new cross-disciplinary applications for carbon-based materials.

Considering your distinguished contribution in this interesting research field, I would like to cordially invite you to submit a paper to this special issue through the webpage of the journal. The manuscript should be submitted online before 30 January, 2021. All the submitted manuscripts will then be fast track reviewed. I would greatly appreciate if you could let me know your interest in the paper contribution at your earliest convenience. Research articles, review articles, perspectives, as well as communications and letters are also invited.

Dr. Thang Quyet Tran
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Carbon based fibers
  • Thin film
  • Aerogel/foam
  • Carbon based polymer composite
  • Polymer 3D printing
  • Extrusion based 3D printing
  • Lightweight design
  • Tensile strength
  • Electrical conductivity

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 7355 KiB  
Article
Pulsed Laser Deposition of SWCNTs on Carbon Fibres: Effect of Deposition Temperature
by Călin Moise, Lidar Rachmani, Geanina Mihai, Oana Lazar, Marius Enăchescu and Naum Naveh
Polymers 2021, 13(7), 1138; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13071138 - 2 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2019
Abstract
Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were grown on either sized or desized carbon fabric in a self-designed reactor by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). The uniqueness of the PLD system lies, among other things, in the ability to keep the substrate at a low [...] Read more.
Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were grown on either sized or desized carbon fabric in a self-designed reactor by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). The uniqueness of the PLD system lies, among other things, in the ability to keep the substrate at a low temperature, compared to the 1100 °C needed for the SWCNTs synthesis, thus, rendering it undamaged. Samples were placed at different positions on a cold finger (CF), where a temperature gradient develops, in the range 25–565 °C. The chemical composition and morphology of desized and surface treatments, as well as SWCNTs grown on carbon fibres, were verified by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), while the quality of SWCNTs was proven by confocal micro-Raman Spectroscopy and High-Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-STEM). Fibres covered with SWCNTs by PLD were characterized using contact angle and the surface free energy was calculated. A micro-droplet pull-out test was used to evaluate the effect of SWCNTs over interfacial properties of a carbon-epoxy composite. A 20% increase in interfacial shear strength (IFSS) was observed by deposition at 290 °C, compared to the commercial carbon fibre sizing. The carbon fibres kept their tensile properties due to the low deposition temperatures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based on Fibers, Polymers and Composites)
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22 pages, 4697 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow and Alignment Behavior of Waste Tire-Derived Graphene Nanoplatelets in PA66 Matrix during Melt-Mixing and Injection
by Kuray Dericiler, Hadi Mohammadjafari Sadeghi, Yavuz Emre Yagci, Hatice S. Sas and Burcu Saner Okan
Polymers 2021, 13(6), 949; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13060949 - 19 Mar 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3341
Abstract
Homogeneous dispersion of graphene into thermoplastic polymer matrices during melt-mixing is still challenging due to its agglomeration and weak interfacial interactions with the selected polymer matrix. In this study, an ideal dispersion of graphene within the PA66 matrix was achieved under high shear [...] Read more.
Homogeneous dispersion of graphene into thermoplastic polymer matrices during melt-mixing is still challenging due to its agglomeration and weak interfacial interactions with the selected polymer matrix. In this study, an ideal dispersion of graphene within the PA66 matrix was achieved under high shear rates by thermokinetic mixing. The flow direction of graphene was monitored by the developed numerical methodology with a combination of its rheological behaviors. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) produced from waste-tire by upcycling and recycling techniques having high oxygen surface functional groups were used to increase the compatibility with PA66 chains. This study revealed that GNP addition increased the crystallization temperature of nanocomposites since it acted as both a nucleating and reinforcing agent. Tensile strength and modulus of PA66 nanocomposites were improved at 30% and 42%, respectively, by the addition of 0.3 wt% GNP. Flexural strength and modulus were reached at 20% and 43%, respectively. In addition, the flow model, which simulates the injection molding process of PA66 resin with different GNP loadings considering the rheological behavior and alignment characteristics of GNP, served as a tool to describe the mechanical performance of these developed GNP based nanocomposites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based on Fibers, Polymers and Composites)
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16 pages, 5905 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Poly(vinyl Alcohol) and Biopolymer-Derived Reduced Graphene Oxide
by Beom-Gon Cho, Shalik Ram Joshi, Seongjin Lee, Shin-Kwan Kim, Young-Bin Park and Gun-Ho Kim
Polymers 2021, 13(4), 615; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13040615 - 18 Feb 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2713
Abstract
Functionalized graphene–polymer nanocomposites have gained significant attention for their enhanced mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties, but the requirement of multi-step processes or hazardous reducing agents to functionalize graphene limits their current applications. Here, we present a single-step synthesis of thermally reduced graphene oxide [...] Read more.
Functionalized graphene–polymer nanocomposites have gained significant attention for their enhanced mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties, but the requirement of multi-step processes or hazardous reducing agents to functionalize graphene limits their current applications. Here, we present a single-step synthesis of thermally reduced graphene oxide (TrGO) based on shellac, which is a low-cost biopolymer that can be employed to produce poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/TrGO nanocomposites (PVA–TrGO). The concentration of TrGO varied from 0.1 to 2.0 wt.%, and the critical concentration of homogeneous TrGO dispersion was observed to be 1.5 wt.%, below which strong interfacial molecular interactions between the TrGO and the PVA matrix resulted in improved thermal and mechanical properties. At 1.5 wt.% filler loading, the tensile strength and modulus of the PVA–TrGO nanocomposite were increased by 98.7% and 97.4%, respectively, while the storage modulus was increased by 69%. Furthermore, the nanocomposite was 96% more effective in preventing bacterial colonization relative to the neat PVA matrix. The present findings indicate that TrGO can be considered a promising material for potential applications in biomedical devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based on Fibers, Polymers and Composites)
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12 pages, 42695 KiB  
Article
The Thermal Behavior of Lyocell Fibers Containing Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene
by Igor Makarov, Markel Vinogradov, Maria Mironova, Georgy Shandryuk, Yaroslav Golubev and Anna Berkovich
Polymers 2021, 13(4), 537; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13040537 - 11 Feb 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3050
Abstract
This study focuses on the preparation of carbon fiber precursors from solutions of cellulose in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide with the addition of bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene, studying their structural features and evaluating thermal behavior. The introduction of a silicon-containing additive into cellulose leads to an [...] Read more.
This study focuses on the preparation of carbon fiber precursors from solutions of cellulose in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide with the addition of bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene, studying their structural features and evaluating thermal behavior. The introduction of a silicon-containing additive into cellulose leads to an increase in the carbon yield during carbonization of composite precursors. The type of the observed peaks on the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves cardinally changes from endo peaks intrinsic for cellulose fibers to the combination of endo and exo peaks for composite fibers. For the first time, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values were obtained for Lyocell fibers and composite fibers with bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene (BTMSA). The study of the dependence of linear dimensions of the heat treatment fibers on temperature made it possible to determine the relation between thermal expansion coefficients of carbonized fibers and thermogravimetric curves, as well as to reveal the relationship between fiber shrinkage and BTMSA bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene content. Carbon fibers from composite precursors are obtained at a processing temperature of 1200 °C. A study of the structure of carbon fibers by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy made it possible to determine the amorphous structure of the fibers obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based on Fibers, Polymers and Composites)
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14 pages, 5975 KiB  
Article
Topology Optimization of Metal and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) Laminated Battery-Hanging Structure
by Jiaju Chen, Yanan Xu and Yunkai Gao
Polymers 2020, 12(11), 2495; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12112495 - 27 Oct 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2789
Abstract
This study addressed the topology optimization of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminated battery-hanging structure of an electric vehicle. To accommodate parameterization for thickness and orientation of CFRP materials, the discrete material and thickness optimization (DMTO) technique was adopted. To include metal [...] Read more.
This study addressed the topology optimization of a carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminated battery-hanging structure of an electric vehicle. To accommodate parameterization for thickness and orientation of CFRP materials, the discrete material and thickness optimization (DMTO) technique was adopted. To include metal material as a reinforcement structure into the optimization simultaneously, the DMTO technique was extended here to achieve concurrent optimization of CFRP thickness topology, CFRP orientation selection and the topology of the metal reinforcement plate. Manufacturing constraints were applied, including suppressing intermediate void across the thickness direction of the laminate, contiguity constraint and the symmetrical layers. Sensitivities of the objective function were derived with respect to design variables. To calculate analytical sensitivities, finite element analysis was conducted and strain vectors were exported from a commercial software (ABAQUS) into a mathematical analysis tool (MATLAB). The design objective was to minimize the local displacement subject to the constraints of manufacturing and mass fraction. The mechanical performance of the optimized CFRP structure was compared with the original steel structure. To validate the optimization results, a prototype of the CFRP battery-hanging structure was fabricated and experimental testing was conducted. The results show that the total mass of the CFRP battery-hanging structure was reduced by 34.3% when compared with the steel one, while the mechanical property was improved by 25.3%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Based on Fibers, Polymers and Composites)
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