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Polymers
Special Issues
Polymer-Based Nano/Bulk-Composites for Air and Water Remediation
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Polymer-Based Nano/Bulk-Composites for Air and Water Remediation

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2022) | Viewed by 11137

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Won San Choi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseodaero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-719, Korea
Interests: polymer composites; air filtration; oil/water separation; adsorption; (photo)catalysis; desalination
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Air and water pollution have been challenging concerns worldwide because of rapid civilization and industrialization. The aim of polymer-based nanocomposites in environmental science and engineering is to remedy or heal environments. Nanomaterials or nanocomposites are of particular interest in environmental applications, owing to their unique properties and high surface-to-volume ratio. However, the unintended leakage of nanocomposites or nanomaterials into the environment can result in a significant threat to the environment and public health. Thus, nanomaterial-loaded micromaterials (nano/micro-composites) and nanomaterial-loaded bulk materials (nano/bulk-composites) have been subjected to alternative nanomaterials to prevent the leakage of nanomaterials to the environment. Polymer is indispensable for the synthesis of nano/bulk-composites because it could be used as a main building component, such as a template and component. This Special Issue deals with the elimination of contaminants or pollution from polluted air and water using polymer-based nano/bulk-composites.

This Special Issue considers recent advancements in polymer-based nano/micro- and nano/bulk-composites, with a special focus on applications in environmental science and engineering. It is our pleasure to invite you to submit original research papers and short communications within the scope of this Special Issue.

Prof. Won San Choi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • polymer composites
  • air filters
  • oil/water separators
  • adsorbents
  • (photo)catalyst

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3268 KiB  
Article
Impact of Graphene Oxide on Properties and Structure of Thin-Film Composite Forward Osmosis Membranes
by Chenglong Dai, Dan Zhao, Yongqiang Wang, Rui Zhao, Han Wang, Xiangci Wu, Shejiang Liu, Huizhen Zhu, Jianfeng Fu, Mengling Zhang and Hui Ding
Polymers 2022, 14(18), 3874; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14183874 - 16 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1580
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) membranes have the advantages of low energy consumption, high water recovery rate, and low membrane pollution trend, and they have been widely studied in many fields. However, the internal concentration polarization (ICP) caused by the accumulation of solutes in the [...] Read more.
Forward osmosis (FO) membranes have the advantages of low energy consumption, high water recovery rate, and low membrane pollution trend, and they have been widely studied in many fields. However, the internal concentration polarization (ICP) caused by the accumulation of solutes in the porous support layer will reduce permeation efficiency, which is currently unavoidable. In this paper, we doped Graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (50~150 nm) to a polyamide (PA) active layer and/or polysulfone (PSF) support layer, investigating the influence of GO on the morphology and properties of thin-film composite forward osmosis (TFC-FO) membranes. The results show that under the optimal doping amount, doping GO to the PA active layer and PSF support layer, respectively, is conducive to the formation of dense and uniform nano-scale water channels perpendicular to the membrane surface possessing a high salt rejection rate and low reverse solute flux without sacrificing high water flux. Moreover, the water channels formed by doping GO to the active layer possess preferable properties, which significantly improves the salt rejection and water permeability of the membrane, with a salt rejection rate higher than 99% and a water flux of 54.85 L·m−2·h−1 while the pure PSF-PA membrane water flux is 12.94 L·m−2·h−1. GO-doping modification is promising for improving the performance and structure of TFC-FO membranes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Nano/Bulk-Composites for Air and Water Remediation)
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15 pages, 1915 KiB  
Article
Solar-Driven Unmanned Hazardous and Noxious Substance Trapping Devices Equipped with Reverse Piloti Structures and Cooling Systems
by Ye Jin Kim, Hee Ju Kim, Yu Jin Seo, Ji Hee Choi, Hye Young Koo and Won San Choi
Polymers 2022, 14(3), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14030631 - 7 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1596
Abstract
A solar-driven unmanned hazardous and noxious substance (HNS) trapping device that can absorb, evaporate, condense, and collect HNSs was prepared. The HNS trapping device was composed of three parts: a reverse piloti structure (RPS) for absorption and evaporation of HNSs, Al mirrors with [...] Read more.
A solar-driven unmanned hazardous and noxious substance (HNS) trapping device that can absorb, evaporate, condense, and collect HNSs was prepared. The HNS trapping device was composed of three parts: a reverse piloti structure (RPS) for absorption and evaporation of HNSs, Al mirrors with optimized angles for focusing light, and a cooling line system for the condensation of HNSs. The RPS was fabricated by assembling a lower rectangle structure and an upper hollow column. The lower rectangular structure showed a toluene evaporation rate of 6.31 kg/m2 h, which was significantly increased by the installation of the upper hollow column (11.21 kg/m2 h) and led to the formation of the RPS. The installation of Al mirrors on the RPS could further enhance the evaporation rate by 9.1% (12.28 kg/m2 h). The RPS system equipped with an Al mirror could rapidly remove toluene, xylene, and toluene–xylene with high evaporation rates (12.28–8.37 kg/m2 h) and could effectively collect these substances with high efficiencies (81–65%) in an unmanned HNS trapping device. This prototype HNS trapping device works perfectly without human involvement, does not need electricity, and thus is suitable for fast cleanup and collection of HNSs in the ocean. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Nano/Bulk-Composites for Air and Water Remediation)
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14 pages, 2832 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Bead Air Filters with Low Pressure Drops at a High Flow Rate for the Removal of Particulate Matter and HCHO
by Hee Ju Kim, Ye Jin Kim, Yu Jin Seo, Ji Hee Choi, Hye Young Koo and Won San Choi
Polymers 2022, 14(3), 422; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14030422 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1718
Abstract
A tower air filtration system was designed in which bead air filters (BAFs) were actively rotated by a fan motor to remove particulate matter (PM) or HCHO gas. Three types of BAF, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and hybrid, were prepared and compared for the removal [...] Read more.
A tower air filtration system was designed in which bead air filters (BAFs) were actively rotated by a fan motor to remove particulate matter (PM) or HCHO gas. Three types of BAF, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and hybrid, were prepared and compared for the removal of PM and HCHO gas. A tower air filtration system loaded with hybrid BAFs purified 3.73 L of PM (2500 μg/m3 PM2.5) at a high flow rate of 3.4 m/s with high removal efficiency (99.4% for PM2.5) and a low pressure drop (19 Pa) in 6 min. Against our expectations, the PM2.5 removal efficiency slightly increased as the air velocity increased. The hybrid BAF-200 showed excellent recyclability up to 50 cycles with high removal efficiencies (99.4–93.4% for PM2.5). Furthermore, hydrophilic BAF-200 could permanently remove 3.73 L of HCHO gas (4.87 ppm) and return the atmosphere to safe levels (0.41–0.31 ppm) within 60 min without any desorption of HCHO gas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Nano/Bulk-Composites for Air and Water Remediation)
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18 pages, 4914 KiB  
Article
New Polymer Inclusion Membranes in the Separation of Palladium, Zinc and Nickel Ions from Aqueous Solutions
by Elżbieta Radzyminska-Lenarcik, Ilona Pyszka and Wlodzimierz Urbaniak
Polymers 2021, 13(9), 1424; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13091424 - 28 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1679
Abstract
The new polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) with a 1-alkyltriazole matrix was used to separate palladium(II) ions from aqueous chloride solutions containing a mixture of Zn-Pd-Ni ions. The effective conditions for transport studies by PIMs were determined based on solvent extraction (SX) studies. Furthermore, [...] Read more.
The new polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) with a 1-alkyltriazole matrix was used to separate palladium(II) ions from aqueous chloride solutions containing a mixture of Zn-Pd-Ni ions. The effective conditions for transport studies by PIMs were determined based on solvent extraction (SX) studies. Furthermore, the values of the stability constants and partition coefficients of M(II)-alkyltriazole complexes were determined. The values of both constants increase with the growing hydrophobicity of the 1-alkyltriazole molecule and have the highest values for the Pd(II) complexes. The initial fluxes, selectivity coefficients, and recovery factors values of for Pd, Zn and Ni were determined on the basis of membrane transport studies. The transport selectivity of PIMs were: Pd(II) > Zn(II) > Ni(II). The initial metal ion fluxes for all the cations increased with the elongation of the alkyl chain in the 1-alkyltriazole, but the selectivity coefficients decreased. The highest values of the initial fluxes at pH = 4.0 were found for Pd(II) ions. The best selectivity coefficients Pd(II)/Zn(II) and Pd(II)/Ni(II) equal to 4.0 and 13.4, respectively, were found for 1-pentyl-triazole. It was shown that the microstructure of the polymer membrane surface influences the kinetics of metal ion transport. Based on the conducted research, it was shown that the new PIMs with 1-alkyltriazole can be successfully used in an acidic medium to separate a mixture containing Pd(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) ions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Nano/Bulk-Composites for Air and Water Remediation)
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Review

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26 pages, 3582 KiB  
Review
Nanostructured Materials for Water Purification: Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions and Organic Dyes
by Won San Choi and Ha-Jin Lee
Polymers 2022, 14(11), 2183; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14112183 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3729
Abstract
Chemical water pollution poses a threat to human beings and ecological systems. The purification of water to remove toxic organic and inorganic pollutants is essential for a safe society and a clean environment. Adsorption-based water treatment is considered one of the most effective [...] Read more.
Chemical water pollution poses a threat to human beings and ecological systems. The purification of water to remove toxic organic and inorganic pollutants is essential for a safe society and a clean environment. Adsorption-based water treatment is considered one of the most effective and economic technologies designed to remove toxic substances. In this article, we review the recent progress in the field of nanostructured materials used for water purification, particularly those used for the adsorption of heavy metal ions and organic dyes. This review includes a range of nanostructured materials such as metal-based nanoparticles, polymer-based nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, bio-mass materials, and other types of nanostructured materials. Finally, the current challenges in the fields of adsorption of toxic materials using nanostructured materials are briefly discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Nano/Bulk-Composites for Air and Water Remediation)
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