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Processes
Special Issues
Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Wastewater Treatment
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Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 5328

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zul Adlan Mohd Hir

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak 26400, Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
Interests: photocatalysis; water recovery; semiconductor oxides; endocrine disrupting chemicals; adsorption; polymeric photocatalyst; nanomaterials
Dr. Hartini Ahmad Rafaie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Dengkil Campus, Dengkil 43800, Selangor, Malaysia
Interests: photocatalysis; water treatment; semiconductor oxides; organic dyes; emerging contaminants; pharmaceutical wastewater; nanomaterials
Dr. Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang Branch, Bandar Tun Abdul Razak 26400, Jengka, Pahang, Malaysia
Interests: material science; heterogeneous catalyst; biomass catalyst; photo-esterification; crude oil deacidification; biodiesel production

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the growing emphasis on enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of water treatment processes using adsorption and photocatalysis techniques, materials and process integration are garnering increasing attention throughout the chemical engineering community. Holistic design approaches, improved material construction, and increased energy efficiency are some characteristics of materials and process integration. The findings will of value within water treatment technology in industrial settings since the new adsorbents and photocatalysts are more reliable at removing contaminants from water streams than traditional adsorption-only or photocatalysis-only methods. It is feasible to conduct a treatment operation continuously for an extended length of time by using the adsorption mode, followed by photocatalytic regeneration processes.

This Special Issue on “Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Water Treatment” aims to cover recent advances in the material construction and integration of adsorption and photocatalysis for water treatment processes. This includes recent efforts made to tailor the underlying problems in the synthesis of adsorbents and photocatalysts. With this new knowledge, technological innovations are expected for the process integration of these two techniques. We encourage the submission of all types of papers, including communications, original research, and review papers, covering all the topics related to innovative adsorbents and photocatalysts and their environmental applications.

Topics include, but are not limited to, methods and/or applications in the following areas:

  1. Advanced oxidation process;
  2. Adsorption for water treatment process;
  3. Photocatalytic water treatment process;
  4. Adsorption–photocatalytic water treatment process;
  5. Adsorption–photocatalysis reaction and modelling;
  6. Green and sustainable synthesis process;
  7. Scale-up synthesis and reaction;
  8. Water treatment reactor design;
  9. Emerging contaminants;
  10. Water recovery process.

Dr. Zul Adlan Mohd Hir
Dr. Hartini Ahmad Rafaie
Dr. Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • synthesis of photocatalysts
  • synthesis of adsorbents
  • green synthesis of photocatalysts
  • green synthesis of adsorbents
  • wastewater treatment
  • endocrine disrupting chemicals
  • degradation of organic pollutants
  • emerging contaminants
  • degradation of dyes

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 6468 KiB  
Article
Acetylcellulose Recovery from Waste Residual for Attenuating Reactive Dye from Aquaculture Waste as a Fascinating Synergistic Ecology Effect
by Hossam A. Nabwey, Maha A. Tony and Manasik M. Nour
Processes 2023, 11(9), 2701; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11092701 - 9 Sep 2023
Viewed by 675
Abstract
Waste valorization is attracting not only the scientific world but also the world. Acetylcellulose wastes from cigarette filter residuals are signified as the largest global impact of solid waste. Acetylcellulose recycling for desired products is a promising way for environmental management. In this [...] Read more.
Waste valorization is attracting not only the scientific world but also the world. Acetylcellulose wastes from cigarette filter residuals are signified as the largest global impact of solid waste. Acetylcellulose recycling for desired products is a promising way for environmental management. In this regard, the current investigation is dealing with the immersion of residual filters sequentially into aqueous solutions of alkali and ethanol before water washing, which converts them into a superhydrophobic acetylcellulose adsorbent material. The morphology and characteristics of the acetylcellulose fiber were characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption tendency was checked for Levafix Blue dye compromised in an aqueous stream as a model textile polluted effluent. The experimental results exposed that the acetylcellulose fiber displayed a sensible textile dye elimination from the dying stream. Langmuir isotherm is well fitting the adsorption matrix and the reaction follows the 1st-order kinetic model. The so-obtained acetylcellulose fiber showed tremendous efficiency for dye removal from aqueous effluent. The attained maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was recorded as 4.8 mg/g at pH 3.0 and an adsorbent dose of 1 g/L through the isotherm time of 2 h. Also, temperature elevation could increase the adsorption capacity to 5.7 mg/g. Due to this excellent affinity to adsorb dye at an economic wise rate is shown as a promising candidate for textile dye elimination form aqueous effluent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Wastewater Treatment)
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21 pages, 8280 KiB  
Article
Fe3O4@Granite: A Novel Magnetic Adsorbent for Dye Adsorption
by Gamze Topal Canbaz
Processes 2023, 11(9), 2681; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11092681 - 7 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1392
Abstract
Magnetic granite (MG), a new and low-cost adsorbent, was prepared by the chemical co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ using granite (G), which is a magmatic rock type. The adsorption of the Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye from aqueous solutions on Fe [...] Read more.
Magnetic granite (MG), a new and low-cost adsorbent, was prepared by the chemical co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ using granite (G), which is a magmatic rock type. The adsorption of the Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye from aqueous solutions on Fe3O4-modified granite was examined in a batch system. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption, vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), and point-of-zero charge (pHpzc) analysis were used to characterize the prepared MG. Magnetic granite displayed significant magnetization and could be easily separated using external magnets. The maximum adsorption capacity was 29.85 mg/g at 298 K. According to kinetic and isothermal examinations, the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isothermal adsorption were the best fit for adsorption. It was found that the enthalpy change ΔH (kJ/mol) was −31.76, and the entropy change ΔS (kJ/mol) was 0.096 for a temperature change of 298–330 K. The ΔG° (kJ/mol) value was negative at all temperatures (298 K, −2.86 kJ/mol; 303 K, −2.85 kJ/mol and 313 K, −1.50 kJ/mol), indicating that the adsorption of RB5 on MG was spontaneous. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Wastewater Treatment)
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13 pages, 1942 KiB  
Article
Preparation of a New Adsorbent Material from Agro-Industrial Waste and Comparison with Commercial Adsorbent for Emerging Contaminant Removal
by Luís Fernando Cusioli, Daniel Mantovani, Rosângela Bergamasco, Angelo Marcelo Tusset and Giane Gonçalves Lenzi
Processes 2023, 11(8), 2478; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11082478 - 18 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1013
Abstract
An adsorbent was developed from agro-industrial residues derived from the seed husks of Moringa oleifera Lam., in which the hydrochar process was used as it is a sustainable, low-cost and easy-to-operate process. In comparison, a commercial adsorbent, activated charcoal from babaçu coconut, was [...] Read more.
An adsorbent was developed from agro-industrial residues derived from the seed husks of Moringa oleifera Lam., in which the hydrochar process was used as it is a sustainable, low-cost and easy-to-operate process. In comparison, a commercial adsorbent, activated charcoal from babaçu coconut, was used. Both materials were characterized using SEM, FTIR, zeta potential and BET, showing their morphologies, chemical compositions and textural analyses that proved the adsorption capacity of each material. A cost study was also carried out regarding the production of the materials. For both materials, an equilibrium study was carried out using the following contaminants: metformin, diuron, methylene blue and lead. We aimed to study the use of agro-industrial waste as a new adsorbent material, which was shown to have an average removal for all the contaminants tested of around 84.56–99.13%. The new adsorbent developed had many interactions with the studied contaminants, allowing its use on a large scale since its production cost was low. The main objective of this study was thus to compare a commercial activated charcoal with a biosorbent from agro-industrial waste, prepared by the hydrochar method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Wastewater Treatment)
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14 pages, 5228 KiB  
Article
Treatment of Fish-Processing Wastewater Using Polyelectrolyte and Palm Anguish
by Salam K. Al-Dawery, Ghadeer E. AL-Yaqoubi, Ahoud A. Al-Musharrafi, Hamed N. Harharah, Abdelfattah Amari and Ramzi H. Harharah
Processes 2023, 11(7), 2124; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072124 - 17 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1728
Abstract
Fish-process wastewater industries are a significant source of environmental pollutions and biohazard to humans and other living organisms due to suspended organics, phosphorus, and nitrate that causes environmental damage. In this study, the treatment of two types of fish wastewater was examined by [...] Read more.
Fish-process wastewater industries are a significant source of environmental pollutions and biohazard to humans and other living organisms due to suspended organics, phosphorus, and nitrate that causes environmental damage. In this study, the treatment of two types of fish wastewater was examined by applying chemical and physical methods. The chemical treatments using positive polyelectrolyte with a concentration of 25 ppm reduced the turbidity of fish wastewater by 50%; conductivity was reduced by 50% and pH was reduced from 8 to 7.2. Meanwhile, using negative polyelectrolyte and mixed polymers reduced the turbidity of fish wastewater by 30%. For applying natural material as a physical adsorbent, several natural materials were examined: ocimum leaves, Boswellia sacra leaves, Al-Shakher leaves, tephrosia leaves, neem leaves, mentha leaves, jand peel, neem wood, ocimum fruit, olive fruit peel, and palm anguish for the treatment of the fish wastewater. The initial tests indicated that the best material was palm anguish. FTIR, SEM, and EDS were used for the characterization of palm anguish. The selected material was treated with 1 M of NaOH solution. Different bed heights (10, 20, and 30 cm) of Palm anguish were applied. The results showed 80% and 85% reduction in the turbidity in both types of fish wastewater, especially with a bed height of 30 cm of the fish wastewater treated with NaOH, respectively. Notably, this study distinguishes itself by utilizing polyacrylamide flocculants of varying densities and by employing palm anguish as a natural adsorbent, which can sufficiently improve the treatment of fish-processing wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adsorption and Photocatalysis for Wastewater Treatment)
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