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Journals
Processes
Special Issues
Green Metallurgical Process and Technology
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Green Metallurgical Process and Technology

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 1934

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xin Yao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
Interests: CO2 resource utilization; low-carbon smelting; high-nitrogen steel; metallurgical slag; waste heat recovery; energy conversion and clean utilization; electric furnace steelmaking
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Huaqing Xie

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Interests: hydrogen smelting; CO2 resource utilization; energy conversion and clean utilization; hydrogen-rich blast furnace injection; hydrogen base shaft furnace direct reduction; electric furnace steelmaking
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Iron and steel are industries with high energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, and green manufacturing these processes has become the trend of future development. The process of iron and steel production involves blast–converter and electric arc furnaces. The blast–converter furnace process is also known as the long process, the production of steel is called converter steel. In this process, iron ore and coke as the main raw materials are first smelted into hot metal and then into steel by the converter. On the other hand, the electric arc furnace process is known as the short process. The steel produced is called electric furnace steel, which is smelted into steel with scrap steel as the main raw material. Around 70% of the energy used in the metallurgy process is wasted during the steelmaking process. It is therefore important to master the mechanisms of both the long and short processes in steelmaking and recover the waste heat.

Recent advances in energy recovery and advanced technology for the metallugy process have attracted attention. These include hydrogen smelting, electric furnace steelmaking, and high-nitrogen steel smelting technologies and the recovery of waste heat from metallurgical processes, amongst others. To achieve green metallurgical processes and technology, it is necessary to decrease energy consumption in iron and steel production. This Special Issue is aimed at all researchers and technologists interested in all aspects of the science, technology, and applications of green metallurgy processes and technology. It will feature original research papers and reviews related to hydrogen smelting, electric furnace steelmaking, high-nitrogen steel smelting, and energy recovery. We invite scientists working in the area of renewable energy and green metallurgy technology to contribute to this Special Issue.

“Green Metallurgical Processes and Technology” aims to gather novel advances in reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions during the metallurgy process. Potential topics include the following:

  1. Hydrogen, low-carbon, and high-nitrogen smelting technologies;
  2. CO2 resource utilization;
  3. Electric furnace steelmaking;
  4. Recovery of waste heat from metallurgical slag.

Dr. Xin Yao
Dr. Huaqing Xie
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen smelting
  • hydrogen-rich blast furnace injection
  • hydrogen base shaft furnace direct reduction
  • CO2 resource utilization
  • low-carbon smelting
  • high-nitrogen steel
  • metallurgical slag
  • waste heat recovery
  • energy conversion and clean utilization
  • electric furnace steelmaking

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 16025 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Kinetic Study of Biochar in N-Absorption Reaction of Chemical Looping Ammonia Generation
by Zhongyuan Liu, Qingbo Yu, Huaqing Xie, Jinchao Gao and Jiatai Zhao
Processes 2024, 12(12), 2870; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122870 - 15 Dec 2024
Viewed by 659
Abstract
The study conducted isothermal tests for biochar-based N-absorption reaction in Chemical Looping Ammonia Generation to investigate the factors affecting biochar conversion, the kinetic model, and the reaction mechanism. The results show that the N2 gas flows had little effect on biochar conversion. [...] Read more.
The study conducted isothermal tests for biochar-based N-absorption reaction in Chemical Looping Ammonia Generation to investigate the factors affecting biochar conversion, the kinetic model, and the reaction mechanism. The results show that the N2 gas flows had little effect on biochar conversion. Raising the reaction temperature and the molar ratio of α-Al2O3 to C enhanced the conversion of biochar. When the N2 flow rate was set to 200 mL/min, the reaction temperature to 1600 °C, and the α-Al2O3/C molar ratio to 3:3, the biochar conversion reached its peak at 95.45%. After evaluating several kinetic models, the D1 diffusion model was found to provide the closest match to the biochar conversion. The activation energy decreased from 241.91 kJ/mol at a 1:3 α-Al2O3/C molar ratio to 146.77 kJ/mol at a 3:3 ratio with an increasing α-Al2O3/C molar ratio. The biochar’s high specific surface area and abundant pore structure facilitated a rapid reaction between carbon and oxygen on the carbon surface. Additionally, the diffusion of oxygen produced during the decomposition of α-Al2O3 became the limiting factor in the N-absorption reaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Metallurgical Process and Technology)
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14 pages, 3902 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Influence of Excitation Source Direction on Sound Transmission Loss Simulation Based on Alloy Steel Phononic Crystal
by Zhaofeng Guo, Ziming Wang, Yanchao Zhang, Lei Li and Chuanmin Chen
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2446; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112446 - 5 Nov 2024
Viewed by 744
Abstract
As a type of locally resonant phononic crystal, alloy steel phononic crystals have achieved notable advancements in vibration and noise reduction, particularly in the realm of low-frequency noise. Their exceptional band gap characteristics enable the efficient reduction of vibration and noise at low [...] Read more.
As a type of locally resonant phononic crystal, alloy steel phononic crystals have achieved notable advancements in vibration and noise reduction, particularly in the realm of low-frequency noise. Their exceptional band gap characteristics enable the efficient reduction of vibration and noise at low frequencies. However, the conventional transmission loss (TL) simulation of finite structures remains the benchmark for plate structure TL experiments. In this context, the TL in the XY-direction of phononic crystal plate structures has been thoroughly investigated and analyzed. Given the complexity of sound wave incident directions in practical applications, the conventional TL simulation of finite structures often diverges from reality. Taking tungsten steel phononic crystals as an example, this paper introduces a novel finite element method (FEM) simulation approach for analyzing the TL of alloy steel phononic crystal plates. By setting the Z-direction as the excitation source, the tungsten steel phononic crystal plate exhibits distinct responses compared to excitation in the XY-direction. By combining energy band diagrams and modes, the impact of various excitation source directions on the TL simulations is analyzed. It is observed that the tungsten steel phononic crystal plate exhibits a more pronounced energy response under longitudinal excitation. The TL map excited in the Z-direction lacks the flat region present in the XY-direction TL map. Notably, the maximum TL in the Z-direction is 131.5 dB, which is significantly lower than the maximum TL of 298 dB in the XY-direction, with a more regular peak distribution. This indicates that the TL of alloy steel phononic crystals in the XY-direction is closely related to the acoustic wave propagation characteristics within the plate, whereas the TL in the Z-direction aligns more closely with practical sound insulation and noise reduction engineering applications. Therefore, future research on alloy steel phononic crystal plates should not be confined to the TL in the XY-direction. Further investigation and analysis of the TL in the Z-direction are necessary. This will provide a novel theoretical foundation and methodological guidance for future research on alloy steel phononic crystals, enhancing the completeness and systematicness of studies on alloy steel phononic crystal plates. Simultaneously, it will advance the engineering application of alloy steel phononic crystal plates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Metallurgical Process and Technology)
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