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Processes
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Machine Learning Methods for Modelling Neurological Diseases
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Machine Learning Methods for Modelling Neurological Diseases

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2022) | Viewed by 26281

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alessandro Tonacci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Interests: biomedical engineering; sensory analysis; artificial senses; sensors; electronic nose; wearable systems; health; e-health; telemedicine; neuroscience
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lucia Billeci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
Interests: sensors; wearable systems; signal processing; artificial intelligence; health; neuroscience
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Machine Learning is gaining importance in scientific research thanks to its wide field of application and the increasing computational capacity of computers and information and communications technology devices. The opportunity to process a large amount of data is also being increasingly appreciated at clinics, where a number of complex pathologies have benefited from such advancements making their pathogenesis more clear and allowing for a more precise identification of the peculiarities of the various subjects in the framework of p4 medicine. This is particularly true in neurological diseases, where the clinical complexity is high and a larger amount of data can positively affect the diagnosis and treatment of several disorders.

For this Special Issue, we seek research that demonstrates the application of Machine Learning methods in the modelling of neurological disorders, spanning from neurodevelopmental to neurodegenerative and age-related disorders.

Potential topics include (but are not limited to):

- Machine Learning approaches in neurodevelopmental disorders
- Machine Learning approaches in neurodegenerative disorders
- Machine Learning in aging and age-related disorders
- Machine Learning in neuromuscular diseases
- Machine Learning in the diagnosis of neurological disorders
- Multimodal data collection and analysis
- Data fusion in neurology
- Hardware and software integration
- Health and care applications

Dr. Alessandro Tonacci
Dr. Lucia Billeci
Guest editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Aging
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Hardware
  • Healthcare
  • Machine Learning
  • Modeling
  • Neurodegenerative Disorders
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Neuroscience
  • Software

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 1250 KiB  
Article
Performance Evaluation of Epileptic Seizure Prediction Using Time, Frequency, and Time–Frequency Domain Measures
by Debiao Ma, Junteng Zheng and Lizhi Peng
Processes 2021, 9(4), 682; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040682 - 13 Apr 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3059
Abstract
The prediction of epileptic seizures is crucial to aid patients in gaining early warning and taking effective intervention. Several features have been explored to predict the onset via electroencephalography signals, which are typically non-stationary, dynamic, and varying from person-to-person. In the former literature, [...] Read more.
The prediction of epileptic seizures is crucial to aid patients in gaining early warning and taking effective intervention. Several features have been explored to predict the onset via electroencephalography signals, which are typically non-stationary, dynamic, and varying from person-to-person. In the former literature, features applied in the classification have shared similar contributions to all patients. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the impact of the specific combination of feature and channel from time, frequency, and time–frequency domains on prediction performance of disparate patients. Based on the minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance criterion, the proposed framework uses a sequential forward selection approach to individually find the optimal features and channels. Trained models could discriminate the pre-ictal and inter-ictal electroencephalography with a sensitivity of 90.2% and a false prediction rate of 0.096/h. We also present the comparison between the classification accuracy obtained by the optimal features, several features summarized from optimal features, and the complete set of features from three domains. The results indicate that various patient interpretations have a certain specificity in the selection of feature-channel. Furthermore, the detailed list of optimal features and summarized features are proffered for reference to those who research the corresponding database. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Methods for Modelling Neurological Diseases)
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16 pages, 3379 KiB  
Article
Predicting the Potency of Anti-Alzheimer’s Drug Combinations Using Machine Learning
by Thomas J. Anastasio
Processes 2021, 9(2), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9020264 - 29 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2145
Abstract
Clinical trials of single drugs intended to slow the progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) have been notoriously unsuccessful. Combinations of repurposed drugs could provide effective treatments for AD. The challenge is to identify potentially effective combinations. To meet this challenge, machine learning (ML) [...] Read more.
Clinical trials of single drugs intended to slow the progression of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) have been notoriously unsuccessful. Combinations of repurposed drugs could provide effective treatments for AD. The challenge is to identify potentially effective combinations. To meet this challenge, machine learning (ML) was used to extract the knowledge from two leading AD databases, and then “the machine” predicted which combinations of the drugs in common between the two databases would be the most effective as treatments for AD. Specifically, three-layered artificial neural networks (ANNs) with compound, gated units in their internal layer were trained using ML to predict the cognitive scores of participants, separately in either database, given other data fields including age, demographic variables, comorbidities, and drugs taken. The predictions from the separately trained ANNs were statistically highly significantly correlated. The best drug combinations, jointly determined from both sets of predictions, were high in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; anticoagulant, lipid-lowering, and antihypertensive drugs; and female hormones. The results suggest that the neurodegenerative processes that underlie AD and other dementias could be effectively treated using a combination of repurposed drugs. Predicted drug combinations could be evaluated in clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Methods for Modelling Neurological Diseases)
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15 pages, 2875 KiB  
Article
EEG Synchronization Analysis for Seizure Prediction: A Study on Data of Noninvasive Recordings
by Paolo Detti, Giampaolo Vatti and Garazi Zabalo Manrique de Lara
Processes 2020, 8(7), 846; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8070846 - 16 Jul 2020
Cited by 49 | Viewed by 6474
Abstract
Objective: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder arising from anomalies of the electrical activity in the brain, affecting ~65 million individuals worldwide. Prediction methods, typically based on machine learning methods, require a large amount of data for training, in order to correctly classify seizures [...] Read more.
Objective: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder arising from anomalies of the electrical activity in the brain, affecting ~65 million individuals worldwide. Prediction methods, typically based on machine learning methods, require a large amount of data for training, in order to correctly classify seizures with small false alarm rates. Methods: In this work, we present a new database containing EEG scalp signals of 14 epileptic patients acquired at the Unit of Neurology and Neurophysiology of the University of Siena, Italy. Furthermore, a patient-specific seizure prediction method, based on the detection of synchronization patterns in the EEG, is proposed and tested on the data of the database. The use of noninvasive EEG data aims to explore the possibility of developing a noninvasive monitoring/control device for the prediction of seizures. The prediction method employs synchronization measures computed over all channel pairs and a computationally inexpensive threshold-based classification approach. Results and conclusions: The experimental analysis, performed by inspection and by the proposed threshold-based classifier on all the patients of the database, shows that the features extracted by the synchronization measures are able to detect preictal and ictal states and allow the prediction of the seizures few minutes before the seizure onsets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Methods for Modelling Neurological Diseases)
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18 pages, 2703 KiB  
Article
Multivariate Analysis of Plasma Metabolites in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Before and After Microbiota Transfer Therapy
by James B. Adams, Troy Vargason, Dae-Wook Kang, Rosa Krajmalnik-Brown and Juergen Hahn
Processes 2019, 7(11), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr7110806 - 4 Nov 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 7541
Abstract
Current diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is based on assessment of behavioral symptoms, although there is strong evidence that ASD affects multiple organ systems including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This study used Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) to evaluate plasma metabolites from 18 [...] Read more.
Current diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is based on assessment of behavioral symptoms, although there is strong evidence that ASD affects multiple organ systems including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This study used Fisher discriminant analysis (FDA) to evaluate plasma metabolites from 18 children with ASD and chronic GI problems (ASD + GI cohort) and 20 typically developing (TD) children without GI problems (TD − GI cohort). Using three plasma metabolites that may represent three general groups of metabolic abnormalities, it was possible to distinguish the ASD + GI cohort from the TD − GI cohort with 94% sensitivity and 100% specificity after leave-one-out cross-validation. After the ASD + GI participants underwent Microbiota Transfer Therapy with significant improvement in GI and ASD-related symptoms, their metabolic profiles shifted significantly to become more similar to the TD − GI group, indicating potential utility of this combination of plasma metabolites as a biomarker for treatment efficacy. Two of the metabolites, sarcosine and inosine 5′-monophosphate, improved greatly after treatment. The third metabolite, tyramine O-sulfate, showed no change in median value, suggesting it and correlated metabolites to be a possible target for future therapies. Since it is unclear whether the observed differences are due to metabolic abnormalities associated with ASD or with GI symptoms (or contributions from both), future studies aiming to classify ASD should feature TD participants with GI symptoms and have larger sample sizes to improve confidence in the results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Methods for Modelling Neurological Diseases)
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Review

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28 pages, 9675 KiB  
Review
Machine Learning for the Classification of Alzheimer’s Disease and Its Prodromal Stage Using Brain Diffusion Tensor Imaging Data: A Systematic Review
by Lucia Billeci, Asia Badolato, Lorenzo Bachi and Alessandro Tonacci
Processes 2020, 8(9), 1071; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8091071 - 1 Sep 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5656
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is notoriously the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, affecting an increasing number of people. Although widespread, its causes and progression modalities are complex and still not fully understood. Through neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion Magnetic Resonance (MR), more [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease is notoriously the most common cause of dementia in the elderly, affecting an increasing number of people. Although widespread, its causes and progression modalities are complex and still not fully understood. Through neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion Magnetic Resonance (MR), more sophisticated and specific studies of the disease can be performed, offering a valuable tool for both its diagnosis and early detection. However, processing large quantities of medical images is not an easy task, and researchers have turned their attention towards machine learning, a set of computer algorithms that automatically adapt their output towards the intended goal. In this paper, a systematic review of recent machine learning applications on diffusion tensor imaging studies of Alzheimer’s disease is presented, highlighting the fundamental aspects of each work and reporting their performance score. A few examined studies also include mild cognitive impairment in the classification problem, while others combine diffusion data with other sources, like structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (multimodal analysis). The findings of the retrieved works suggest a promising role for machine learning in evaluating effective classification features, like fractional anisotropy, and in possibly performing on different image modalities with higher accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning Methods for Modelling Neurological Diseases)
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