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Volume 17
Issue 20
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Sustainability, Volume 17, Issue 20 (October-2 2025) – 391 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Microplastic (MP) pollution represents a significant environmental challenge. MPs accumulate in ecosystems, posing serious risks to them and human health. Efficient removal of these contaminants is essential to avoid adverse effects. This review summarizes and critically analyses current methods for the removal of MPs from effluents and soils, focusing on their effectiveness, advantages, and limitations. Conventional and emerging techniques are discussed in the context of wastewater and soil treatment. Key challenges in MPs removal, including plastic type diversity, their size, and the complexity of environmental matrices, are discussed. This work aims to contribute to defining pathways for MPs’ removal while also stressing the need for further research to achieve more efficient strategies. View this paper
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22 pages, 402 KB  
Article
The Role of Social Initiatives in Shaping Sustainable Business Outcomes—Insights from Organizations Operating in Poland
by Katarzyna Walecka-Jankowska, Barbara Wasilewska and Adam Wasilewski
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9357; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209357 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 441
Abstract
This article addresses the contemporary and highly relevant research area of business sustainability, which attracts the attention of both scholars and management practitioners. Although the social dimension of sustainability is gaining increasing importance, there remains a research gap regarding the extent to which [...] Read more.
This article addresses the contemporary and highly relevant research area of business sustainability, which attracts the attention of both scholars and management practitioners. Although the social dimension of sustainability is gaining increasing importance, there remains a research gap regarding the extent to which social initiatives contribute to sustainable outcomes. This study specifically focuses on the social dimension of business sustainability. The primary objective of the study is to examine the relationship between activities within the social dimension and sustainable outcomes. Moreover the study extends earlier research by contributing new empirical evidence from the Polish context, thereby enriching the existing body of knowledge. The study encompasses 303 organizations operating in Poland and utilizes a questionnaire-based survey. The collected data were employed to construct a regression model. The results indicate statistically significant relationships between social outcomes and key variables, namely, societal values and employee-related outcomes. The results indicate that social value creation and value chain integration are the strongest predictors of sustainable outcomes The variables were measured using subjective indicators. In addition, the research was conducted only in companies operating in Poland, and the results may be typical of businesses operating in this country. Therefore, the research should be extended to other countries, and it would be particularly interesting to compare with companies operating in countries where sustainability-related indicators are highly rated. It would also be very interesting to expand the data gained through questionnaires through interviews and case studies, linking social-focused business activities to the benefits that businesses can achieve in the area of sustainable outcomes as a result. Full article
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21 pages, 1551 KB  
Article
A Three-Stage Process for Sustainable Telework Adoption
by Mario Aguilar-Fernández, Graciela Salgado-Escobar, Luvis P. León-Romero, Brenda García-Jarquín and Misaela Francisco-Márquez
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9356; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209356 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 276
Abstract
In recent years, telework (TW) has been seen as a feasible and flexible alternative to deal with global and market risks; however, companies’ lack of vision and planning to implement it has generated the reality that TW, far from bringing advantages, generates personal [...] Read more.
In recent years, telework (TW) has been seen as a feasible and flexible alternative to deal with global and market risks; however, companies’ lack of vision and planning to implement it has generated the reality that TW, far from bringing advantages, generates personal and social labour conflicts. The objective of this research is to design a TW adoption sustainable process (TW-ASP) that guides the development of organizational strategies to maximize benefits and mitigate challenges for companies, employees, and society. This qualitative study comprises three phases: a review of previous research in Web of Science, identification and inter-relation of relevant variables, and TW-ASP design using Cooper’s stage-gate methodology. The process includes three stages, and each one has a gate: TW thinking, TW decision, and TW adoption. Each stage and gate is structured according to linkages between technological, organizational, labour, and social variables. TW-ASP positions TW as a sustainable initiative requiring a holistic and systemic approach. This study offers a proposal that can serve as a reference for designing organizational strategies aimed at sustainability. Full article
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22 pages, 8095 KB  
Article
Characterizing the Evolution of Multi-Scale Communities in Urban Road Networks
by Yifan Wang, Yi Li, Xingwa Song, Shilong Wang and Ning Wang
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9355; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209355 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 367
Abstract
The growing abundance of traffic data offers new opportunities to uncover dynamic traffic patterns in urban road networks, providing valuable insights for promoting sustainable mobility. By leveraging these data, road segments can be grouped into communities to capture the spatiotemporal correlations driving the [...] Read more.
The growing abundance of traffic data offers new opportunities to uncover dynamic traffic patterns in urban road networks, providing valuable insights for promoting sustainable mobility. By leveraging these data, road segments can be grouped into communities to capture the spatiotemporal correlations driving the dynamic evolution of traffic states. However, existing distance-based methods lack the capacity to facilitate multi-scale analysis of urban traffic patterns and are limited in capturing the heterogeneity of road regions. To address this gap, in this study, we introduce a traffic-data-driven approach to detect road segment communities and extract multi-scale traffic patterns. Here, traffic data are mapped onto a dual graph of urban road networks, with node correlations weighted using Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). A hierarchical community detection algorithm is then applied to identify multi-scale communities, revealing the spatiotemporal structure of urban traffic dynamics. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method were tested on the road network of Chengdu. The results show that the method successfully integrates the topological structure with traffic data, capturing multi-scale spatial autocorrelation communities. By characterizing the evolution of traffic patterns, our method has potential applications in traffic prediction, traffic control, and urban planning applications, contributing to sustainable urban transportation through congestion mitigation and efficiency enhancement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Data-Driven Transportation Systems: Emerging Trends, Challenges, and Applications)
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14 pages, 1528 KB  
Article
The Impact of the Bill of Quantity Export Process from BIM on the Accuracy of the LCA Results
by Tajda Potrc Obrecht, Jakub Veselka, Daniel Plazza, Michael Ortmann, Nicolas Alaux, Bernardette Soust-Verdaguer, Deepshi Kaushal and Alexander Passer
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9354; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209354 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 289
Abstract
The construction industry is responsible for a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, buildings have the potential to play a central role in climate change mitigation. It is also known that building projects are unique and complex, which is why a high [...] Read more.
The construction industry is responsible for a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, buildings have the potential to play a central role in climate change mitigation. It is also known that building projects are unique and complex, which is why a high degree of process automation is necessary. Two key methods can be employed to calculate the environmental impacts of a construction process: Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Currently, both methods are being considered as a part of advanced building projects. Database (BIM) models can be used as a precise inventory of materials and as an input for LCA. This study aims to (1) review the current status of published BIM-LCA workflows, (2) use a common case study among participants from various countries to compare the individual workflows and the calculated results, (3) identify potential sources of errors in all workflows on the common case study, and (4) provide recommendations and suggestions for developing BIM-LCA models based on the example of the common case study. The outcomes show that the main sources of differences emerge from not including all materials or from the inconsistencies in the exported material lists of the bill of quantities. The reasons for the missing materials stem primarily from the inadequate decomposition of composite materials, oversight of certain materials, and exclusion of thin materials such as foils. Inconsistencies arise from the incorrect handling of composite materials, the grouping of similar materials, and rounding inaccuracies. These issues highlight that errors occur early in the life cycle inventory phase, which forms the foundation of subsequent LCA phases, thereby impacting the final results and potentially leading to inaccurate assessments of environmental impacts. Ensuring accuracy at this stage is therefore critical for supporting reliable sustainability assessments. Consequently, recommendations are proposed to mitigate errors across various stages of the process to enhance the accuracy of LCA outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Buildings Life Cycle Assessment and Energy-Efficient Design)
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32 pages, 4688 KB  
Article
Industrial Design-Driven Exploration of the Impact Mechnism of Fire Evacuation Efficiency in High-Rise Buildings
by Kaiyuan Guan, Duanduan Liu, Xuejing Zhao and Yuexin Jin
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9353; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209353 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 280
Abstract
This study constructs a comprehensive analytical framework for fire evacuation efficiency in high-rise buildings based on risk management theory, environment–behavior relationship theory, and stress-cognition theory. Through a systematic literature review and three rounds of Delphi expert consultation, a measurement questionnaire for fire-escape behavior [...] Read more.
This study constructs a comprehensive analytical framework for fire evacuation efficiency in high-rise buildings based on risk management theory, environment–behavior relationship theory, and stress-cognition theory. Through a systematic literature review and three rounds of Delphi expert consultation, a measurement questionnaire for fire-escape behavior was developed, ultimately screening out 35 key measurement items. Data were collected from 248 residents of high-rise residential buildings in Beijing who had experienced fires. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed to validate the model. The results show that the fire emergency management system (FEMS) and building-safety performance planning (BSPP) have a significant positive impact on escape response behavior (ERB), while situational panic psychological perception (SPPP) has a negative impact. The study also finds that emergency-response training and diversified escape-route design are key driving factors, and cognitive bias significantly affects situational panic psychological perception. This research provides empirical support for fire-escape management in high-rise buildings and develops a reliable measurement tool. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Psychology of Sustainability and Sustainable Development)
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24 pages, 1117 KB  
Article
Pollution Transfer or Industrial Upgrading: The Impact of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Fiscal Policy on Urban Green Total Factor Productivity in China
by Jing Zhang, Jun Shen, Zhifang Wu and Lei Nie
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9352; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209352 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 287
Abstract
The adoption of robust fiscal policies is a critical pathway for China to control pollution, promote green development, and advance ecological civilization. This study examines the “Comprehensive Demonstration City of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Fiscal Policy” pilot project as a quasi-natural experiment. [...] Read more.
The adoption of robust fiscal policies is a critical pathway for China to control pollution, promote green development, and advance ecological civilization. This study examines the “Comprehensive Demonstration City of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction Fiscal Policy” pilot project as a quasi-natural experiment. Employing the Slack-Based Measure Directional Distance Function (SBM-DDF) model and a multi-period Difference-in-Difference (DID) approach, we assess the impact of the energy conservation and emission reduction fiscal policy (ECERFP) on urban green total factor productivity (UGTFP). The results indicate that ECERFP significantly enhances UGTFP. This finding remains robust across multiple tests, including parallel trends, placebo tests, and the Goodman–Bacon decomposition. Mechanism analysis indicates that ECERFP enhances UGTFP mainly through technological innovation and improved energy efficiency. However, its effectiveness varies by geographical location, resource endowment, and city size. While ECERFP can promote urban energy conservation and end-of-pipe pollution control, it also carries the potential risk of inducing a “pollution haven” effect. To maximize the fiscal policy’s leverage and the resource allocation effects, a comprehensive strategy is required—one that advances energy efficiency, stimulates technological innovation, tailors energy conservation measures to local conditions, and nurtures the development of new productive forces to support sustainable urban growth. Full article
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32 pages, 781 KB  
Article
How Does Digital Transformation Catalyze New-Quality Productivity? Unraveling the Path Through Green Innovation and the Role of Digital Financial Inclusion
by Lingling Tan, Kehui Wang and Huifang Zhang
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9351; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209351 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 385
Abstract
In the pursuit of sustainable economic development, fostering new-quality productivity (NQP) is both an inherent requirement and a strategic priority for advancing a green economy, while digital transformation has emerged as a pivotal driver in reconciling economic growth with environmental protection. Grounded in [...] Read more.
In the pursuit of sustainable economic development, fostering new-quality productivity (NQP) is both an inherent requirement and a strategic priority for advancing a green economy, while digital transformation has emerged as a pivotal driver in reconciling economic growth with environmental protection. Grounded in the Dual-Factor Theory of Productivity, this study empirically examines the impact of digital transformation on corporate NQP, with a focus on its heterogeneous effects, using panel data from China’s A-share listed firms (2013–2022). We further investigate the mediating role of green innovation—encompassing both technological and managerial dimensions—and the moderating effect of digital financial inclusion (DFI). The results show that digital transformation significantly enhances NQP, a finding robust to multiple endogeneity tests and alternative model specifications. Mechanism analysis indicates that digitalization fosters NQP by promoting green technological and managerial innovations, while DFI amplifies this effect. Heterogeneity analysis reveals stronger impacts in state-owned enterprises, non-manufacturing sectors, firms in developed regions, and highly competitive industries. These findings advance theoretical understanding of dynamic control mechanisms in environmental economics, provide empirical evidence on how digital transformation drives sustainable productivity through green innovation, and offer actionable insights for policymakers and firms seeking to align economic growth with environmental sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Economics, Policies and Sustainable Economic Development)
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34 pages, 5206 KB  
Article
Enhancing Transparency and Trust in Higher Education Institutions via Blockchain: A Conceptual Model Utilizing the Ethereum Consortium Approach
by Yerlan Kistaubayev, Francisco Liébana-Cabanillas, Aijaz A. Shaikh, Galimkair Mutanov, Olga Ussatova and Ainura Shinbayeva
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9350; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209350 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 383
Abstract
It has been recognized that Blockchain technology contributes to environmentally sustainable development goals (SDGs). It has emerged as a disruptive innovation capable of transforming various economic and social sectors significantly. This conceptual paper is driven by the need to explore how blockchain, specifically [...] Read more.
It has been recognized that Blockchain technology contributes to environmentally sustainable development goals (SDGs). It has emerged as a disruptive innovation capable of transforming various economic and social sectors significantly. This conceptual paper is driven by the need to explore how blockchain, specifically a consortium-based Ethereum architecture, can be integrated into higher education institutions to ensure data sovereignty, integrity, and verifiability while adhering to legal and ethical standards such as GDPR. We propose a multi-layered blockchain-based model for Kazakhstan’s Unified Platform of Higher Education (UPHE). This model employs hybrid on-chain/off-chain data storage, smart contract automation, and a Proof-of-Authority consensus mechanism to address system limitations, including data centralization and inadequate verification of academic credentials. Empirical simulations using Blockscout and Ethereum-compatible tools demonstrate the model’s feasibility and performance. This paper contributes to the growing discussion on educational blockchain applications by presenting a scalable, secure, and transparent architecture that aligns with institutional governance and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles. It also supports the objectives of UN SDG 4 (i.e., Quality education) by fostering trust, transparency, and equitable access to verifiable educational credentials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Technologies Implementation in Sustainable Management)
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22 pages, 2436 KB  
Article
Enhancing the Sustainability of Asphalt Mixtures: A Focus on Operational Factors and Dataset for Environmental Product Declarations
by Rita Kleizienė, Gabriella Buttitta, Nicolás Carreño and Davide Lo Presti
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9349; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209349 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 297
Abstract
The demand for reliable Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) of asphalt mixtures is growing, particularly as they are increasingly used in public road construction tenders across Europe. However, the reliability and comparability of EPDs remain limited due to two main challenges: (i) significant variability [...] Read more.
The demand for reliable Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) of asphalt mixtures is growing, particularly as they are increasingly used in public road construction tenders across Europe. However, the reliability and comparability of EPDs remain limited due to two main challenges: (i) significant variability in dataset selection for key materials such as bitumen and aggregates, and (ii) uncertainty regarding the influence of operational factors, including aggregate moisture, mixing temperature, and transportation. The objective of this research is to assess the influence of dataset selection and operational parameters on the environmental performance of an asphalt mixture, focusing on improving the reliability of EPDs. Within this research, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was conducted using a cradle-to-gate approach (A1–A3), including modules C1–C4 and D, in compliance with EN 15804:2019+A2:2020. Primary data were collected from an asphalt plant in Lithuania, while secondary data were obtained from the Ecoinvent database. The sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the variation of data set choices and key operational factors that influence the environmental impact. The assessment was carried out using the Simapro 9.6 software and the EF 3.1 impact assessment method. The results indicate significant sensitivity to dataset selection, particularly for bitumen and dolomite production, leading to environmental impact variations of up to 41.8% and 35.3%, respectively. Among operational factors, reducing aggregate moisture from 5% to 3% by sheltering stockpiles helps achieve the highest environmental impact reduction (3.2% under the Aggregate Single Score), while lowering mixing temperatures to 130 °C resulted in a 1.6% decrease. Transportation mode selection contributed to emission variations between 1.8% and 6.7%, with long-distance aggregate transport increasing emissions by up to 14.6%. The research findings underscore the critical need for harmonizing dataset selection and optimizing operational processes to improve asphalt sustainability. Standardizing datasets is essential for ensuring fair and transparent EPD generation for asphalt mixtures, particularly when used in road construction tenders, as seen in several European countries. Future research should explore the integration of reclaimed asphalt (RA) and assess its potential environmental benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)
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24 pages, 5191 KB  
Article
Incremental Urbanism and the Circular City: Analyzing Spatial Patterns in Permits, Land Use, and Heritage Regulations
by Shriya Rangarajan, Jennifer Minner, Yu Wang and Felix Korbinian Heisel
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9348; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209348 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 455
Abstract
The construction industry is a major contributor to global resource consumption and waste. This sector extracts over two billion tons of raw materials each year and contributes over 30% of all solid waste generated annually through construction and demolition debris. The movement toward [...] Read more.
The construction industry is a major contributor to global resource consumption and waste. This sector extracts over two billion tons of raw materials each year and contributes over 30% of all solid waste generated annually through construction and demolition debris. The movement toward circularity in the built environment aims to replace linear processes of extraction and disposal by promoting policies favoring building preservation and adaptive reuse, as well as the salvage and reuse of building materials. Few North American cities have implemented explicit policies that incentivize circularity to decouple urban growth from resource consumption, and there remain substantial hurdles to adoption. Nonetheless, existing regulatory and planning tools, such as zoning codes and historic preservation policies, may already influence redevelopment in ways that could align with circularity. This article examines spatial patterns in these indirect pathways through a case study of a college town in New York State, assessing how commonly used local planning tools shape urban redevelopment trajectories. Using a three-stage spatial analysis protocol, including exploratory analysis, Geographically Weighted Regressions (GWRs), and Geographic Random Forest (GRF) modeling, the study evaluates the impact of zoning regulations and historic preservation designations on patterns of demolition, reinvestment, and incremental change in the building stock. National historic districts were strongly associated with more building adaptation permits indicating reinvestment in existing buildings. Mixed-use zoning was positively correlated with new construction, while special overlay districts and low-density zoning were mostly negatively correlated with concentrations of building adaptation permits. A key contribution of this paper is a replicable protocol for urban building stock analysis and insights into how land use policies can support or hinder incremental urban change in moves toward the circular city. Further, we provide recommendations for data management strategies in small cities that could help strengthen analysis-driven policies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Future Trends of Sustainable Urban Development and Transition)
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27 pages, 14537 KB  
Article
Green Practices for the Reconnection of the Historic Urban Fabric: A Case Study of Naro (Sicily)
by Elvira Nicolini, Giuseppe Abbate and Gloria Lisi
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9347; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209347 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 364
Abstract
Minor Southern Italian population centers present a fragmented and uneven urban landscape, resulting from abandonment and depopulation phenomena that have led, especially in historic city centers, to urban voids scattered with rubble, buildings in a state of ruin, and others with evident structural [...] Read more.
Minor Southern Italian population centers present a fragmented and uneven urban landscape, resulting from abandonment and depopulation phenomena that have led, especially in historic city centers, to urban voids scattered with rubble, buildings in a state of ruin, and others with evident structural collapses. Within a broader urban regeneration strategy for these centers, aligned with current national and European policies, the recovery of these vacant spaces can play a decisive role in enhancing urban quality and the desired touristic appeal, with social, economic, and environmental implications. These areas may also become valuable resources for innovating the urban core in a green transition process, contributing to carbon neutrality goals while improving residents’ quality of life. This paper addresses the importance of pocket parks as systems of resilience against climate change and hydrogeological risks, as well as rainwater drainage systems in densely built urban areas with strong historical character. The study includes a case study application focusing on a location in the Sicilian hinterland, notable for its historical and architectural value. The urban center under examination, Naro in the province of Agrigento, has experienced significant depopulation over the past fifty years, and the designation of its provincial capital as the Italian Capital of Culture 2025 could provide the opportunity for revival through small-scale, low-cost, and sustainable actions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Well-Being and Urban Green Spaces: Advantages for Sustainable Cities)
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24 pages, 1754 KB  
Article
Estimating the Non-Use Value of Laojun Mountain National Park: A Contingent Valuation Study with Cultural Identity Mediation in Yunnan, China
by Chengyu Yang, Ruifeng Wu, Jing Tao, Qi Jiang, Jihui Zhao, Jihong Xu and Qian Liu
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9346; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209346 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 423
Abstract
This study applies the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to estimate the non-use value of Laojun Mountain National Park, a culturally and ecologically significant site within the Three Parallel Rivers World Heritage region of northwestern Yunnan, China. Based on 219 valid survey responses, the [...] Read more.
This study applies the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to estimate the non-use value of Laojun Mountain National Park, a culturally and ecologically significant site within the Three Parallel Rivers World Heritage region of northwestern Yunnan, China. Based on 219 valid survey responses, the analysis identifies education, income, occupation, cultural identity, and recognition of legacy values as significant determinants of willingness to pay (WTP) for conservation. Interaction effect logistic regression shows that the influence of cultural identity on WTP is moderated by income level and ecological awareness. Valuation results indicate that the park’s annual non-use value ranges from 79.697 to 260.841 billion yuan, based on median and mean estimates. Motivational analysis highlights aesthetic appreciation, cultural meaning, and intergenerational ethics as key drivers of conservation support, while refusal to pay is primarily attributed to expectations of governmental responsibility, especially among low-income and less-educated respondents. These findings advance theoretical understanding of bio-cultural valuation, offer practical guidance for the design of Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes, and underscore the importance of integrating socio-cultural dimensions into sustainable conservation finance and policy strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use Planning for Sustainable Ecosystem Management)
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17 pages, 24854 KB  
Article
Long-Term Divergence in Green Exposure Trajectories and Economic Determinants in Urban China
by Renpeng Liu, Peng Zhang, Gaoxiang Zhou, Xinbin Li, Dedong Zhang and Ming Liu
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9345; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209345 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 317
Abstract
Urban greening is increasingly promoted as a means to achieve sustainable and inclusive development. However, it remains unclear whether the expansion of green infrastructure reduces spatial and socioeconomic inequalities or reinforces them. This study examines the long-term dynamics of green space exposure in [...] Read more.
Urban greening is increasingly promoted as a means to achieve sustainable and inclusive development. However, it remains unclear whether the expansion of green infrastructure reduces spatial and socioeconomic inequalities or reinforces them. This study examines the long-term dynamics of green space exposure in 287 Chinese cities from 2000 to 2020 using geospatial and statistical data. While median green coverage and exposure increased by 126% and 135%, spatial disparities also grew. Eastern cities consistently showed higher levels of exposure, and national-level improvements did not translate into proportional narrowing of interregional gaps. Granger causality tests indicate a bidirectional relationship between economic growth and green exposure at the national level. This relationship varies across regions. Cities in the east, center, and northeast exhibit strong mutual effects, while other regions show weaker or unidirectional linkages. In North China, economic development and green exposure are entirely disconnected. These differences have led to divergent patterns in exposure equity. Despite a 44% national decline in the Gini index, disparities persisted, most notably in northeastern China. The results suggest that area-based greening targets are insufficient to address inequality. Planning strategies that consider population exposure and regional conditions are needed to improve the inclusiveness of urban greening. This study offers evidence for designing more equitable greening approaches in rapidly urbanizing areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health, Well-Being and Sustainability)
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23 pages, 10540 KB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Evolution, Regional Disparities, and Transition Dynamics of Carbon Effects in China’s Agricultural Land Use
by Caibo Liu, Xuenan Zhang, Yiyang Sun, Wanling Hu, Xia Li and Huiru Cheng
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9344; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209344 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 398
Abstract
A precise understanding of the carbon dynamics of agricultural land use is essential for advancing China’s “dual carbon” goals and promoting sustainable rural development. Drawing on panel datasets for 31 Chinese provinces over the period 1997–2022, this study comprehensively analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution, [...] Read more.
A precise understanding of the carbon dynamics of agricultural land use is essential for advancing China’s “dual carbon” goals and promoting sustainable rural development. Drawing on panel datasets for 31 Chinese provinces over the period 1997–2022, this study comprehensively analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution, regional disparities, and transition dynamics of agricultural carbon capture and emissions. Using a combination of the emission factor method, the Dagum Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation, and Markov chain models, the study finds that China’s total agricultural carbon capture has continued to increase, yet regional disparities are widening, with the central region leading and the northeastern region lagging. Meanwhile, agricultural carbon emissions exhibit a “strong west, weak east” spatial pattern and demonstrate a high degree of club convergence. Club convergence refers to the phenomenon where regions with similar initial levels converge to the same steady-state over the long run, while remaining persistently different from other regions. The net carbon effect exhibits a dual structure of carbon surplus zones and carbon deficit zones: 23 provinces act as carbon surplus zones, while 8 provinces are carbon deficit zones, primarily located in ecologically fragile or special-function regions. These findings highlight the spatial heterogeneity, path dependence, and policy sensitivity of carbon effects from agricultural land use. Accordingly, the study proposes differentiated policy recommendations, including region-specific carbon management strategies, the establishment of a unified agricultural carbon trading system, and the integration of technological and institutional innovations to achieve a balanced and low-carbon agricultural transformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Land Use Strategies for Sustainable Development)
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16 pages, 247 KB  
Article
Advancing Sustainable Learning in Education of Learners with Visual Impairment in Historically Disadvantaged Schools
by Mamochana Anacletta Ramatea
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9343; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209343 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 320
Abstract
This article investigates strategies for advancing sustainable learning among learners with visual impairments (LVIs) in historically disadvantaged schools in Lesotho, a low-income country. Despite global efforts to promote inclusive education, LVIs in Lesotho continue to experience multiple barriers, including limited access to adapted [...] Read more.
This article investigates strategies for advancing sustainable learning among learners with visual impairments (LVIs) in historically disadvantaged schools in Lesotho, a low-income country. Despite global efforts to promote inclusive education, LVIs in Lesotho continue to experience multiple barriers, including limited access to adapted learning materials and inadequately resourced learning environments. Employing a qualitative participatory case study design and focus group discussions, the study engaged 12 purposively selected participants, including school principals, special education teachers, and general education teachers, from two rural primary schools. Grounded in the principles of the inclusive special education framework, this study contributes to the discourse on promoting sustainable learning by examining specific experiences of LVIs in these contexts. While the focus on LVIs in rural contexts represents one subset of historically disadvantaged institutions, the findings highlight persistent systemic challenges, such as insufficient resources, restrictive learning conditions, and the underutilisation of teachers’ specialised expertise in visual impairment education, that resonate more broadly across marginalised educational settings. Even though its generalisation remains, the study recommends recognising and enhancing the professional status of educators trained in visual impairment, strengthening policy support for sustainable infrastructure, and embedding sustainable learning principles to promote LVI independent learning. By centring the voices of teachers in disadvantaged settings, this research contributes to the discourse on advancing sustainable learning, which offers accessible contextually relevant strategies to advance educational equity and justice for LVIs in Lesotho. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Education for a Sustainable Future: A Global Development Necessity)
21 pages, 1959 KB  
Article
Integrating Neural Forecasting with Multi-Objective Optimization for Sustainable EV Infrastructure in Smart Cities
by Saad Alharbi
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9342; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209342 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 318
Abstract
The global transition toward carbon neutrality has accelerated the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), prompting the need for smarter infrastructure planning in urban environments. This study presents a novel framework that integrates machine learning–based EV adoption forecasting with multi-objective optimization (MOO) using the [...] Read more.
The global transition toward carbon neutrality has accelerated the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), prompting the need for smarter infrastructure planning in urban environments. This study presents a novel framework that integrates machine learning–based EV adoption forecasting with multi-objective optimization (MOO) using the NSGA-II algorithm. The forecasting component leverages neural networks to predict the percentage of EV sales relative to total vehicle sales, which is then used to derive infrastructure demand, energy consumption, and traffic congestion. These derived forecasts inform the optimization model, which balances conflicting objectives—namely infrastructure costs, energy usage, and traffic congestion—to support data-driven decision-making for smart city planners. A comprehensive dataset covering EV metrics from 2011 to 2024 is used to validate the framework. Experimental results demonstrate strong predictive performance for EV adoption, while downstream derivations highlight expected patterns in infrastructure cost and energy usage, and greater variability in traffic congestion. The NSGA-II algorithm successfully identifies Pareto-optimal trade-offs, offering urban planners flexible strategies to align infrastructure development with sustainability goals. This research underscores the benefits of integrating adoption forecasting with optimization in dynamic, real-world planning contexts. These results can significantly inform future smart city planning and optimization of EV infrastructure deployment in rapidly urbanizing regions. Full article
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20 pages, 272 KB  
Article
Impacts of Digital Transformation on the Quantity and Quality of Corporate Green Innovation: Evidence from China
by Deshan Li and Bowen Shu
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9341; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209341 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 390
Abstract
Green innovation is a key driver for reshaping the economic development model and attaining sustainable development. Prior research has primarily concentrated on the consequences of digital transformation on the quantity of corporate green innovation, while in-depth investigations into its effects on the quality [...] Read more.
Green innovation is a key driver for reshaping the economic development model and attaining sustainable development. Prior research has primarily concentrated on the consequences of digital transformation on the quantity of corporate green innovation, while in-depth investigations into its effects on the quality of green innovation and the underlying mechanisms remain limited. Using data from Chinese A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen between 2010 and 2023, this study empirically investigates the effects of digital transformation on both the quantity and quality of corporate green innovation. The results of this research show that, firstly, digital transformation exerts a substantial influence on both categories of green innovation. Second, the mechanism analysis reveals that, on the one hand, digital transformation promotes green innovation by alleviating information asymmetry, thereby effectively improving both its quantity and quality; on the other hand, it facilitates an increase in the quantity of green innovation through resource integration effects, but fails to enhance its quality via this channel. Third, the heterogeneity analysis shows that the positive impacts of digital transformation on the quantity and quality of green innovation are more pronounced in state-owned enterprises, firms located in eastern regions, and high-tech enterprises. This study enhances the research on how digital transformation can augment the quantity and elevate the quality of corporate green innovation, offering a valuable reference for advancing the sustainable development of organizations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Economy Transformation: Driving Sustainability Through Innovative Management)
17 pages, 4582 KB  
Article
Shear Behavior of Curved Concrete Structures Repaired with Sustainability-Oriented Trenchless Polymer Grouting
by Dongyu Qi, Yinan Sha, Bin Li, Xupei Yao, Manjun Li, Xueming Du, Xiaohua Zhao and Kejie Zhai
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9340; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209340 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 285
Abstract
Urban underground infrastructure is increasingly challenged by material aging, environmental degradation, and structural deterioration. In response, trenchless polymer grouting technologies employing sustainability-oriented two-component foaming polymers have attracted growing attention. To investigate shear behavior at the polymer–concrete interface, this study conducted direct shear tests [...] Read more.
Urban underground infrastructure is increasingly challenged by material aging, environmental degradation, and structural deterioration. In response, trenchless polymer grouting technologies employing sustainability-oriented two-component foaming polymers have attracted growing attention. To investigate shear behavior at the polymer–concrete interface, this study conducted direct shear tests on two types of composite interface geometries—curved and planar—formed by bonding two-component foaming polymer to concrete substrates. Five polymer densities (0.33, 0.42, 0.51, 0.58, 0.66 g/cm3), three concrete strengths (C20, C30, C40), three normal stress levels (0.3, 1.0, 2.0 MPa), three shear rates (0.5, 2.0, 5.0 mm/min), and three interface sizes (100, 150, 200 mm) were examined. The results show that both interface types undergo five characteristic stages under shear. Across identical parameter levels, curved interfaces consistently exhibited higher peak shear strength and larger peak displacement than planar ones. When the polymer density is identical, the peak shear strength and displacement of curved specimens are about 1.38 and 1.43 times those of planar specimens, respectively. Similarly, for specimens with the same concrete strength, normal stress, and shear rate, the corresponding ratios of peak shear strength and displacement are about 1.14 and 1.55, 1.96 and 1.43, and 1.43 and 1.36, respectively. Within the tested ranges, the shear stress increases with polymer density, concrete strength, and normal stress, and generally decreases with shear rate. The shear displacement decreases with polymer density, concrete strength, and shear rate, and generally increases with normal stress. As the specimen size increases, the peak shear strength and peak shear displacement of the curved specimens first increase and then decrease, whereas for the planar specimens, the peak shear strength exhibits a nonlinear increasing trend. These findings provide valuable insights to promote sustainable underground infrastructure rehabilitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Safety Assessment and Failure Analysis of Urban Underground Pipeline Networks)
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25 pages, 1143 KB  
Article
Extreme Precipitation and Flood Hazard Assessment for Sustainable Climate Adaptation: A Case Study of Diyarbakır, Turkey
by Berfin Kaya and Recep Çelik
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9339; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209339 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 374
Abstract
This study investigates flood risk trends using rainfall data collected from 13 districts of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey, with a focus on supporting sustainability-oriented climate adaptation. Both annual and seasonal precipitation variations were examined, with particular emphasis on the role of maximum daily rainfall [...] Read more.
This study investigates flood risk trends using rainfall data collected from 13 districts of Diyarbakır Province, Turkey, with a focus on supporting sustainability-oriented climate adaptation. Both annual and seasonal precipitation variations were examined, with particular emphasis on the role of maximum daily rainfall in driving flood potential. In addition, the analysis integrates extreme precipitation patterns with regional hazard characteristics to provide a more comprehensive flood risk assessment framework. Non-parametric statistical methods, including the Mann–Kendall trend test and Spearman’s Rho correlation, were applied to detect trends in annual and seasonal datasets. Flood magnitudes were estimated using the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) and Peaks Over Threshold (POT) approaches. The dataset covers varying periods between 2009 and 2023, depending on station availability. The results show a statistically significant increase in both annual and winter precipitation at Bismil, and a significant winter increase at Çermik. Other stations displayed upward trends that were not statistically significant. Çüngüş, Lice, and Kulp were identified as particularly susceptible to extreme rainfall. Although the relatively short observation period poses a limitation, consistent patterns of intensified precipitation were detected. Previous studies in Turkey have demonstrated that such events often cause severe infrastructure damage and displacement of vulnerable communities. The findings of this study provide practical insights for national and regional authorities, including the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD), the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSİ), and the Ministry of Environment, Urbanization, and Climate Change, to strengthen sustainable climate adaptation planning and disaster risk reduction strategies. Overall, this research highlights the importance of integrating extreme precipitation analysis into sustainable flood management, resilient infrastructure development, and long-term sustainability policies, thereby reinforcing the connection between hydrological risk assessment and sustainability science. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Geospatial Technologies on Urban, Environmental, and Public Health Sustainability)
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24 pages, 1820 KB  
Article
A Framework for Building Sustainability Assessment for Developing Countries Using F-Delphi: Moroccan Housing Case Study
by Noussaiba Rharbi, Antonio García Martínez, Abdelghani El Asli, Safae Oulmouden and Hicham Mastouri
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9338; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209338 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 335
Abstract
International building sustainability assessment tools (BSATs) offer a comprehensive framework for assessing environmental, economic, and social sustainability. However, these tools cannot fill the gap between their standards and the regional needs of developing countries such as Morocco. This paper presents a new framework [...] Read more.
International building sustainability assessment tools (BSATs) offer a comprehensive framework for assessing environmental, economic, and social sustainability. However, these tools cannot fill the gap between their standards and the regional needs of developing countries such as Morocco. This paper presents a new framework to assess the sustainability of buildings in Morocco. The methodology proposed is the Fuzzy Delphi method to minimize the list of indicators with the help of 14 local experts and give an appropriate weight to the indicators and sub-indicators. The two-round analysis found a balanced weighting for the environmental, economic, and social dimensions, with the social pillar ranked highest in importance. A hierarchical framework of six consensus-based categories and 63 sub-indicators was developed. Consensus was measured using the dispersion threshold approach ≤ 0.2. The results show that waste and pollution (0.80), adaptability and resilience (0.78), and resources (0.75) are prioritized over the innovation category. Notably, sewage management, water reuse, and public infrastructure emerged as critical sub-indicators. A comparative evaluation against local BSATs from the region—Ethiopia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Saudi Arabia, and Oman—revealed convergence in core indicators like energy and water, yet divergence in economic and resilience criteria, reflecting regional specificities. This work contributes to the literature by presenting a validated, expert-driven assessment tool that aligns with local needs, offering a practical basis for national green certification and sustainable housing policy in Morocco and similar contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Green Building)
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22 pages, 1585 KB  
Article
Sustainable Control of Large-Scale Industrial Systems via Approximate Optimal Switching with Standard Regulators
by Alexander Chupin, Zhanna Chupina, Oksana Ovchinnikova, Marina Bolsunovskaya, Alexander Leksashov and Svetlana Shirokova
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9337; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209337 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 244
Abstract
Large-scale production systems (LSPS) operate under growing complexity driven by digital transformation, tighter environmental regulations, and the demand for resilient and resource-efficient operation. Conventional control strategies, particularly PID and isodromic regulators, remain dominant in industrial automation due to their simplicity and robustness; however, [...] Read more.
Large-scale production systems (LSPS) operate under growing complexity driven by digital transformation, tighter environmental regulations, and the demand for resilient and resource-efficient operation. Conventional control strategies, particularly PID and isodromic regulators, remain dominant in industrial automation due to their simplicity and robustness; however, their capability to achieve near-optimal performance is limited under constraints on control amplitude, rate, and energy consumption. This study develops an analytical–computational approach for the approximate realization of optimal nonlinear control using standard regulator architectures. The method determines switching moments analytically and incorporates practical feasibility conditions that account for nonlinearities, measurement noise, and actuator limitations. A comprehensive robustness analysis and simulation-based validation were conducted across four representative industrial scenarios—energy, chemical, logistics, and metallurgy. The results show that the proposed control strategy reduces transient duration by up to 20%, decreases overshoot by a factor of three, and lowers transient energy losses by 5–8% compared with baseline configurations, while maintaining bounded-input–bounded-output (BIBO) stability under parameter uncertainty and external disturbances. The framework provides a clear implementation pathway combining analytical tuning with observer-based derivative estimation, ensuring applicability in real industrial environments without requiring complex computational infrastructure. From a broader sustainability perspective, the proposed method contributes to the reliability, energy efficiency, and longevity of industrial systems. By reducing transient energy demand and mechanical wear, it supports sustainable production practices consistent with the following United Nations Sustainable Development Goals—SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). The presented results confirm both the theoretical soundness and practical feasibility of the approach, while experimental validation on physical setups is identified as a promising direction for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Large-Scale Production Systems: Sustainable Manufacturing and Service)
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27 pages, 2138 KB  
Article
AI-Powered Advisory Platforms for Sustainable Marketing Innovation in SMEs: Empirical Evidence from Underserved U.S. Markets
by Carmen Cagiza, Massochi Faustino, Ilidio Cagiza and Aristoteles Cajiza
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9336; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209336 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 486
Abstract
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) drive economic growth but face barriers in adopting AI for creative digital marketing, particularly in underserved U.S. markets. This study investigates an AI-driven unified advisory platform to enable strategic digital marketing in these communities. Integrating modules such as [...] Read more.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) drive economic growth but face barriers in adopting AI for creative digital marketing, particularly in underserved U.S. markets. This study investigates an AI-driven unified advisory platform to enable strategic digital marketing in these communities. Integrating modules such as MarketRadar (customer insights, benchmarking) with StrategicCoaching and ComplianceTools, it supports data-driven campaign design, pricing, and engagement. Using mixed methods, we interviewed 13 SME owners/managers in Houston’s underserved neighborhoods and surveyed 172 platform users across three U.S. states. Results show that SMEs using multiple modules achieved higher customer acquisition and revenue than standalone users, with qualitative insights revealing creative repositioning and refinement despite limited budgets. Trust elements like PeerBenchmarks and ComplianceAlerts boosted uptake. Our study advances digital marketing literature by evidencing how AI platforms and cross-module collaboration catalyze innovation, decision-making, and sustainable growth in U.S. contexts, with caution for broader extrapolation. It offers recommendations for policymakers and SaaS providers on inclusive transformation in resource-constrained settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Empowering SMEs Through Creative and Innovative Digital Marketing Strategies for Sustainable Growth)
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25 pages, 1755 KB  
Article
Socio-Technical and Economic Analysis of Small Scale Reverse Osmosis Desalination in Coastal Bangladesh: Insights from Field Audits, Water Quality Assessment, and Behavioral Modeling
by Sowmik Das Sowmya and Sonia Binte Murshed
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9335; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209335 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 387
Abstract
Coastal Bangladesh faces severe drinking water scarcity due to salinity intrusion. To address this challenge, the study assesses the socio-technical and economic factors shaping the performance of small-scale reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants through field audits, household surveys, stakeholder interviews, and water quality [...] Read more.
Coastal Bangladesh faces severe drinking water scarcity due to salinity intrusion. To address this challenge, the study assesses the socio-technical and economic factors shaping the performance of small-scale reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants through field audits, household surveys, stakeholder interviews, and water quality analysis. Community acceptance was evaluated using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Feedwater was highly contaminated, with average TDS 3732.63 mg/L, hardness 636.36 mg/L, iron (Fe) 3.23 mg/L, and turbidity 14.63 NTU. Despite this, RO systems demonstrated strong performance, achieving removal efficiencies of 95.15% for salts, 95.95% for hardness, and 91.67% for alkalinity, with an average recovery rate of 37.25% (range: 20–60%). Treated water met WHO and Bangladesh standards, with mean concentrations of TDS (195.54 mg/L), Fe (0.21 mg/L), arsenic (0.0085 mg/L), and turbidity (1.09 NTU). However, inadequate operator training and a lack of maintenance threaten sustainability. Energy consumption increased by 0.1 kWh/m3 per 1000 mg/L rise in salinity, while financial constraints hinder membrane replacement. TPB analysis revealed positive attitudes and perceived behavioral control as key adoption drivers. Untreated brine discharge (mean TDS 12,900 mg/L) posed significant environmental risks. This study provides micro-level insights to inform policy and strengthen the sustainability of decentralized RO systems in climate-vulnerable coastal regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drinking Water, Water Management and Environment)
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17 pages, 4025 KB  
Essay
The Reconstruction of China’s Population Mobility Pattern Under Digital Technology Evolution: A Pathway to Urban Sustainability
by Junjie Lu, Delong Xiao and Haiwei Fu
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9334; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209334 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 294
Abstract
Population mobility is increasingly crucial for regional development. However, current studies often neglect the impact of rapid digitalization. This study adopts a three-stage analytical framework derived from the Techno-Economic Paradigm across its incubation, penetration, and maturity phases to examine how digital technology evolution [...] Read more.
Population mobility is increasingly crucial for regional development. However, current studies often neglect the impact of rapid digitalization. This study adopts a three-stage analytical framework derived from the Techno-Economic Paradigm across its incubation, penetration, and maturity phases to examine how digital technology evolution has reshaped China’s population mobility patterns. Through ERGM and social network analysis, we found the following: (1) During the incubation period (1980s–2000), digital technology enhanced economies of scale, leading to a siphoning effect of the population from inland to coastal areas. (2) In the penetration phase (2000–2017), digital technology had a dual effect. Automation weakened coastal agglomeration by replacing labor, while the digital industry created new inland clusters of employment, ultimately reshaping population mobility into a multi-center structure. (3) In the maturity phase (2018–present), the concentration of skilled workers in technology hubs and the dispersal of displaced labor to less digitally advanced areas formed a multi-centered and networked population mobility pattern, thereby enhancing the sustainability and spatial balance of the urban system through functional specialization and the matching of skill profiles to city roles. Full article
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22 pages, 1167 KB  
Article
Transportation Behavior Changes in Industrial Zone Employees During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Niepołomice Special Economic Zone
by Katarzyna Solecka, Jan Paszkowski and Mariusz Soboń
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9333; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209333 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 287
Abstract
This paper researches the mobility behavior of employees in the Special Economic Zone in Niepołomice in Poland. The survey compares transportation behavior of factory and office workers before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic. Workers’ trips include local ones within the administrative area as [...] Read more.
This paper researches the mobility behavior of employees in the Special Economic Zone in Niepołomice in Poland. The survey compares transportation behavior of factory and office workers before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic. Workers’ trips include local ones within the administrative area as well as regional ones covering larger distances. The paper indicates a lack of research on economic zones, which are significant trip generators in the area. Moreover, the article shows the impact of industrial areas on commute behavior and the emerging need to accommodate regional mobility needs. The article aggregates survey conclusions and proposes transport solutions to improve workers’ commutes. Finally, the work reports social participation in the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan, which includes the Niepołomice Investment Zone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
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26 pages, 4408 KB  
Article
A Kinematic Analysis of Vehicle Acceleration from Standstill at Signalized Intersections: Implications for Road Safety, Traffic Engineering, and Autonomous Driving
by Alfonso Micucci, Luca Mantecchini, Giacomo Bettazzi and Federico Scattolin
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9332; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209332 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 267
Abstract
Understanding vehicle acceleration behavior during intersection departures is critical for advancing traffic safety, sustainable mobility, and intelligent transport systems. This study presents a high-resolution kinematic analysis of 714 vehicle departures from signalized intersections, encompassing straight crossings, left turns, and right turns, and involving [...] Read more.
Understanding vehicle acceleration behavior during intersection departures is critical for advancing traffic safety, sustainable mobility, and intelligent transport systems. This study presents a high-resolution kinematic analysis of 714 vehicle departures from signalized intersections, encompassing straight crossings, left turns, and right turns, and involving a diverse sample of internal combustion engine (ICE), hybrid electric (HEV), and battery electric vehicles (BEV). Using synchronized Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)-GPS systems, the study captures longitudinal acceleration and velocity profiles over fixed distances. Results indicate that BEVs exhibit significantly higher acceleration and final speeds than ICE and HEV vehicles, particularly during straight crossings and longer left-turn maneuvers. Several mathematical models—including polynomial, arctangent, and Akçelik functions—were calibrated to describe acceleration and velocity dynamics. Findings contribute by modeling jerk and delay propagation, supporting better calibration of AV acceleration profiles and the optimization of intersection control strategies. Moreover, the study provides validated acceleration benchmarks that enhance the accuracy of forensic engineering and road accident reconstruction, particularly in scenarios involving intersection dynamics, and demonstrates that BEVs accelerate more rapidly than ICE and HEV vehicles, especially in straight crossings, with direct implications for traffic simulation, ADAS calibration, and urban crash analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Urban Street Networks and Sustainable Transportation)
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19 pages, 1202 KB  
Article
Sustainable Leadership and Green HRM: Fostering Environmentally Responsible Organizational Cultures
by Megren Abdullah Altassan
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9331; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209331 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 528
Abstract
This study explores how sustainability leadership and Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) practices interplay to cultivate an environmentally responsible culture in organizations based in Jeddah. Through thematic analysis of participant interviews, the research identifies key leadership behaviors, such as visionary communication, role [...] Read more.
This study explores how sustainability leadership and Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) practices interplay to cultivate an environmentally responsible culture in organizations based in Jeddah. Through thematic analysis of participant interviews, the research identifies key leadership behaviors, such as visionary communication, role modeling, and operational integration, that align culturally grounded ethical values to drive sustainability. Green HRM practices, including green recruitment, targeted training, eco-friendly performance appraisals, and recognition systems, further reinforce these leadership efforts. The study highlights the importance of authentic alignment between leadership values and HRM policies to avoid perceptions of greenwashing and to institutionalize sustainable practices effectively. Findings emphasize that embedding sustainability within organizational culture requires a synergistic approach integrating leadership vision, HRM systems, and cultural context, fostering employee motivation and long-term environmental commitment. The implications provide valuable insights for organizations seeking to implement meaningful sustainability strategies aligned with both global goals and local values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Management)
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31 pages, 2760 KB  
Article
Integrating Circular Economy Principles into Architectural Design Pedagogy
by Madhavi P. Patil, Anosh Nadeem Butt, Carolina Rigoni and Ashraf M. Salama
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9330; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209330 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 356
Abstract
Architectural education has increasingly engaged with the Circular Economy (CE); however, integration remains largely material-centric, emphasising life-cycle accounting, efficiency, and design for disassembly, while social, cultural, and governance dimensions are underrepresented. This study introduces the Circular Commons Framework, which repositions circularity as a [...] Read more.
Architectural education has increasingly engaged with the Circular Economy (CE); however, integration remains largely material-centric, emphasising life-cycle accounting, efficiency, and design for disassembly, while social, cultural, and governance dimensions are underrepresented. This study introduces the Circular Commons Framework, which repositions circularity as a collective, participatory, and socio-spatial practice. Using a qualitative comparative case study methodology, five international cases were analysed through eight dimensions spanning technical CE strategies and pedagogical approaches. Cross-case synthesis reveals convergent patterns around multi-scalar systems thinking, transdisciplinary collaboration, and stakeholder engagement. Nonetheless, persistent gaps emerged across cases, including those related to elective-based delivery, weak assessment infrastructure, and underdeveloped social equity dimensions. The Circular Commons Framework comprises four empirically grounded components: Circular Design Practices, Local Knowledge and Cultural Practices, Collaborative Governance, and Circular Synergy Workshops. Operationalisation guidance addresses curricular design, pedagogical methods, assessment mechanisms, and institutional enablers. Mainstreaming the framework requires systemic institutional support, including accreditation reform, supportive policy environments, and effective resource allocation, which are currently constraining even well-designed pedagogical initiatives. The framework positions architects as equity-minded stewards facilitating socially just and culturally resonant circular transitions. Limitations, including scalability tensions, indicate that the framework requires validation through longitudinal research and deeper engagement with non-Western knowledge systems. Full article
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33 pages, 550 KB  
Article
CEO Attributes and Sustainable Development Goals: Employing a Configurational Approach Under Stakeholder Pressure
by Xinyuan Zhang, Daniel Badulescu and Dorin-Paul Bac
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9329; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209329 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 265
Abstract
This research investigates the factors influencing organizational participation in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically examining the role of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) attributes and the moderating influence of stakeholder pressure. Utilizing fuzzy-set Quantitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) on a dataset of 220 Chinese firms, [...] Read more.
This research investigates the factors influencing organizational participation in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically examining the role of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) attributes and the moderating influence of stakeholder pressure. Utilizing fuzzy-set Quantitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) on a dataset of 220 Chinese firms, this study identifies that high SDG engagement arises from multiple, equally effective configurations of CEO characteristics (age, education, experience, CEOs in family and non-family firms, digital and financial literacy) and shareholder pressure as a moderator. Our research shows three distinct configurational paths towards participation in SDGs. Young–Skilled–Pressured (Path A): Younger, highly educated CEOs with strong financial and digital literacy, operating under significant stakeholder pressure, are more likely to participate in SDGs. Older–Experienced–Family–Pressured (Path B): Older, experienced family CEOs, supported by at least one form of literacy (financial or digital), and facing strong stakeholder pressure, tend to participate in SDGs. Professionalized Non-Family (Path C): Highly educated CEOs in non-family firms with robust financial and digital literacy, who are also under strong stakeholder pressure as moderators, participate in SDGs. Crucially, strong pressure from external stakeholders is found to be a near-constant prerequisite (quasi-necessary condition) for achieving high SDG participation. This study contributes to Upper Echelons Theory by demonstrating the conjunctural nature of CEO attributes in impacting strategic outcomes. It also reinforces Stakeholder Pressure Theory by confirming its critical and moderating role in driving sustainable practices. Practically, the findings suggest that boards should strategically design leadership teams and foster robust stakeholder engagement, as this external pressure is nearly always required to enhance SDG participation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Responsibility, Education and Managerial Strategies for Sustainable Development)
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20 pages, 2482 KB  
Article
Safety Risk Evaluation of Water and Mud Inrush in Karst Tunnel Based on an Improved Weighted Cloud Model
by Baofu Duan, Anni Chu, Liankai Bu, Zhihong Li and Keyan Long
Sustainability 2025, 17(20), 9328; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17209328 - 21 Oct 2025
Viewed by 215
Abstract
Frequent water and mud inrush accidents during karst tunnel construction severely impact tunnel construction safety, environmental sustainability, and the long-term use of infrastructure. Therefore, conducting practical risk assessment for karst tunnel water and mud inrush is crucial for promoting sustainable practices in tunnel [...] Read more.
Frequent water and mud inrush accidents during karst tunnel construction severely impact tunnel construction safety, environmental sustainability, and the long-term use of infrastructure. Therefore, conducting practical risk assessment for karst tunnel water and mud inrush is crucial for promoting sustainable practices in tunnel engineering, as it can mitigate catastrophic events that lead to resource waste, ecological damage, and economic loss. This paper establishes an improved weighted cloud model for karst tunnel water and mud inrush risk to evaluate the associated risk factors. The calculation of subjective weight for risk metrics adopts the ordinal relationship method (G1 method), which is a subjective weighting method improved from the analytic hierarchy process. The calculation of objective weight employs the improved entropy weight method, which is superior to the traditional entropy weight method by effectively preventing calculation distortion. Game theory is applied to calculate the optimal weight combination coefficient for two computational methods, and cloud model theory is finally introduced to reduce the fuzziness of the membership interval during the assessment process. This study applied the established risk assessment model to five sections of the Furong Tunnel and Cushishan Tunnel in Southwest China. The final risk ratings for these sections were determined as “High Risk,” “High Risk,” “Medium Risk,” “High Risk,” and “Moderate Risk”, respectively. These results align with the findings from field investigations, validating the effectiveness and reliability of the cloud model-based mud and water outburst risk assessment using combined weighting. Compared to traditional methods such as fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and entropy weighting, the evaluation results from this study’s model demonstrate higher similarity and reliability. This provides a foundation for assessing mud and water outburst hazards and other tunnel disasters. Full article
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