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Sustainability Analysis of Novel Approaches to Organic Waste Valorisation in a Circular Bioeconomy

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Social Ecology and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 January 2025 | Viewed by 5034

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering and Chemical Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
Interests: sustainability; energy and environment; resource management; mechanical engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While ‘renewable’ is the keyword in a bioeconomy, and resource conservation is the motivation behind a circular economy, a circular bioeconomy is one in which side-streams from renewable bio-resources are looped back into the technosphere – open or closed-loop recycling or conversion from matter to energy. A full-fledged circular bioeconomy focusing only on renewable resources, is attractive for the attainment of several sustainable development goals. The gamut of recommended behaviours in this era of R’s, in a circular bioeconomy, has expanded to include ‘reclaim’, ‘remediate’, ‘reuse’, ‘repurpose’, ‘recycle’, ‘renovate’, ‘refuse’, ‘replenish’ and more…

The ‘circular bioeconomy’ paradigm has now become increasingly popular in academic, industrial, governance and research circles, coincident with the UN Sustainable Development Goals launched in 2015. It is hoped that the social, technological and organizational innovations, necessary for, and encouraged by a transition to a regenerative and restorative circular bioeconomy, will herald a renewal in the competitiveness in the global economy, environmental sustainability, positive economic development and value creation, and employment generation in the years to come.

A sustainable circular bioeconomy is feasible, if and only if all the three pillars of sustainability – social, economic, environment - are accounted for, from the very beginning. Complete circularity is ‘utopian’ but not trying at all to improve the degree of circularity will render the situation increasingly dystopic over time. The journey towards a circular bioeconomy will be facilitated by eco-innovation which in turn will be bolstered by technology push/pull, regulatory push and market pull. Academic researchers, like you all, being appealed to, to contribute articles for this special issue, have been playing a key role in educating the skeptical and unaware sections of the global population about the long-term benefits of the transition to a resource-efficient, ‘greener’ circular bioeconomy, sometimes by taking recourse to multi-criteria decision analysis, focusing on the three pillars of sustainability referred to earlier.  

This special issue proposes to build on, and add to, existing knowledge about the valorisation of organic wastes [from agriculture, forestry, municipal solid waste management, food-processing industry, etc. – the Rs being analysed using the 3P (planet, people, profit) approach, so to say.

The focus of this special issue is, as the title connotes, on Sustainability analysis of novel approaches to organic waste valorisation in a circular bioeconomy, which include: 
(a) Social sustainability analysis
(b) Economic feasibility analysis
(c) Environmental sustainability analysis
(d) Socio-economic sustainability analysis
(e) Econo-environmental sustainability analysis
(f) Socio-environmental sustainability analysis
(g) Socio-econo-environmental sustainability analysis

Authors, it goes without saying, are free to choose the source/s and type/s of organic wastes, and the destination/s of the valorised bio-products. What would be common to all the published papers, is a uni-dimensional/bi-dimensional/tri-dimensional sustainability analysis, done by taking resort to suitable sustainability analysis tools like E-LCA, S-LCA, Life-cycle costing, etc. We seek to diversify the contents of this special issue, sectorally, dimensionally and geographically, reflecting the need to find and share global solutions to global challenges. 

Dr. G. Venkatesh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • agriculture
  • biorefinery
  • economic feasibility
  • environmental sustainability
  • forestry
  • municipal solid waste management
  • social acceptance
  • sustainability
  • valorisation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4131 KiB  
Article
Forest Industrial Waste Materials Upgraded to Fertilizer Pellets for Forest Soil
by Maria Sandberg, Stefan Frodeson, Lena Brunzell and Jaya Shankar Tumuluru
Sustainability 2024, 16(7), 2868; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072868 - 29 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1292
Abstract
In a circular economy, the efficient utilization of all materials as valuable resources, with a focus on minimizing waste, is paramount. This study shows the possibilities of upgrading the lowest-valued residuals from the forest industry into a new product with both liming and [...] Read more.
In a circular economy, the efficient utilization of all materials as valuable resources, with a focus on minimizing waste, is paramount. This study shows the possibilities of upgrading the lowest-valued residuals from the forest industry into a new product with both liming and fertilizing properties on forest soil. Hydrothermal carbonized sludge mixed with bark and ash in the proportions of 45:10:45 was densified into fertilizer pellets that meet the nutrient requirements of 120 kg N per hectare when 7 tons of pellets is spread in forests. The pellets met a high-quality result according to durability and density, which were above 95% and 900 kg/m3. However, pellets exposed to wet and cold conditions lost their hardness, making the pellets dissolve over time. Small amounts, <5‰, of nutrients, alkali ions, and heavy metals leached out from the pellets under all conditions, indicating good properties for forest soil amendment. The conclusion is that it is possible to close the circle of nutrients by using innovative thinking around forest industrial residual products. Full article
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15 pages, 1913 KiB  
Article
The High-Value Product, Bio-Waste, and Eco-Friendly Energy as the Tripod of the Microalgae Biorefinery: Connecting the Dots
by Rosangela Rodrigues Dias, Mariany Costa Deprá, Cristiano Ragagnin de Menezes, Leila Queiroz Zepka and Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
Sustainability 2023, 15(15), 11494; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511494 - 25 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1348
Abstract
A bio-based circular economy is fundamental to catalyzing the transition to a new economic model that thrives well within the planet’s ecological limits. The microalgae biorefinery, which consists of converting biomass into multiple products, operates in light of the principles of a circular [...] Read more.
A bio-based circular economy is fundamental to catalyzing the transition to a new economic model that thrives well within the planet’s ecological limits. The microalgae biorefinery, which consists of converting biomass into multiple products, operates in light of the principles of a circular economy. Therefore, as the pivot of a new economic paradigm that aims to promote ecological robustness, the main scope and motivation of this article are to use life cycle assessment to scrutinize the environmental sustainability of a microalgae-based biorefinery system. We assume β-carotene as the flagship of the microalgae industry and evaluate the sustainability metrics and indicators of two residual products: bulk oil and defatted biomass. The role of the use of renewable energy in the unit operations of the biorefinery was also evaluated. The results of this study show that waste products contribute an almost insignificant fraction of the ecological footprint and the cost and energy demand of the microalgae-based biorefinery. It is also confirmed from the results that the transition from coal-based energy to renewable is the most realistic path to production with significantly lower emissions. In sum, the consolidation of the microalgae biorefinery seems to be just around the corner, and our highlights can help make this a successful route. Full article
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17 pages, 2199 KiB  
Article
Streamlined Social Footprint Analysis of the Nascent Bio-Pellet Sub-Sector in Zambia
by Ismail Gannan, Hussam Kubaji, Workson Siwale, Stefan Frodeson and G. Venkatesh
Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 5492; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065492 - 21 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1687
Abstract
Climate change concerns have goaded countries toward seeking renewable energy options (bio-energy being one of them) to replace/supplant the conventional fossil-fuel alternatives (coal, oil and natural gas) commonly used now. Fuel pellets—at the confluence of the forestry, agriculture, waste management and bio-energy sectors—when [...] Read more.
Climate change concerns have goaded countries toward seeking renewable energy options (bio-energy being one of them) to replace/supplant the conventional fossil-fuel alternatives (coal, oil and natural gas) commonly used now. Fuel pellets—at the confluence of the forestry, agriculture, waste management and bio-energy sectors—when produced from biomass residues, serve the dual purpose of ensuring energy security and environmental sustainability. By valorizing more and more organic wastes to bio-energy products, one could, to use the old adage, ‘kill two birds with one stone’. Social LCA is a method used to analyze a very wide range of social issues associated with the stakeholders in a value chain—workers, local community dwellers, society, global consumers, banks, investors, governments, researchers, international organizations and NGOs. In this analysis, the authors commence with a highly focused, niche literature review on the social dimension of sustainability in the African energy/bio-energy sector. The streamlined social footprint analysis inspired by the relatively lesser number of such studies for this sector in Africa is not a novel addition per se to the S-LCA knowledge base. The purpose of the application is to shed light on something in Zambia that must be understood better so as to bring about much-needed alterations in the direction of sustainable development. While the questions addressed to four different groups of stakeholders encompass a clutch of sustainable development goals, gender equality (SDG 5) and the need for greater interest on the part of governments and investors (SDG 9) to look at sustainable alternatives to the status quo stand out as concerns that need to be tided over. This paper and the streamlined social footprint analysis carried out are all the more relevant and timely when one considers some key changes that have happened in Zambia over the last five years—the implementation of the National Energy Policy in 2019 and the creation of the Ministry of Green Economy in 2021. These are verily harbingers of positive change auguring well for future developments in the bio-energy (and bio-pellets) sector, not just in Zambia but, by way of emulating and learning, in other countries on the continent. Full article
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