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Sustainability
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Water System Pollution: Monitoring and Control
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Water System Pollution: Monitoring and Control

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Water Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2023) | Viewed by 5341

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Paula Carvalho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Geosciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: mineralogy, environmental geochemistry; soil and water contamination; heavy metals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Joao M. Neto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: water quality; ecology; biodiversity and conservation; marine ecology; environmental science; climate change; environment; ecosystem ecology; rivers; biodiversity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water quality degradation is a global concern due to population growth and industrialization. Due to climate change, the preservation of water quality is increasingly becoming a priority. Many anthropogenic activities are responsible for the emission of organic and inorganic contaminants to freshwater and marine environments worldwide. Toxic metals, phosphorus and nitrogen are examples of frequent contaminants of water systems derived from industrial and agricultural activities causing human and ecological risks. The geochemical assessment of water, by studying major and trace element concentrations, as well as isotopes, is essential to determine the origin and fate of contamination. Sediments may act as a repository for contaminants. Therefore, they should also be used to trace contamination and to evaluate the state of pollution of water systems. Therefore, water system monitoring is essential to support the adoption of the most appropriate management and control measures. The current Special Issue will cover high-quality research papers and review articles addressing advances in water quality monitoring and control, as well as legislative water development. Thus, this Thematic Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

  • Impact of anthropogenic activities (mining, agricultural and industrial activities) and geochemical processes;
  • Water–sediment interaction on the water quality;
  • Trace metal contamination, human health and ecological risks;
  • Climate change impacts on water quality;
  • Contaminants distribution, speciation and bioavailability;
  • Analytical methods to monitor the origin and fate of contaminants;
  • Innovative monitoring and control techniques;
  • Sustainable remediation and restoration techniques;
  • Development of water policies and regulations.

Dr. Paula Carvalho
Dr. Joao M. Neto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water quality
  • water-sediment interaction
  • contaminant behaviour
  • human health and ecological risks
  • monitoring and control techniques
  • sustainable site remediation and restoration
  • climate change effects
  • water policies

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2115 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Hydrophysical and Hydrochemical Characteristics of Lake Burabay (Akmola Region, North Kazakhstan)
by Kyzzhibek Shulembayeva, Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero, Abilzhan Khussainov, Anuarbek Kakabayev and Razya Khussainova
Sustainability 2023, 15(15), 11788; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511788 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1020
Abstract
This paper shows the results of a study on the morphometric, hydrophysical, and hydrochemical indicators of Lake Burabay, North Kazakhstan. The Burabay Protected Area, also known as Burabay National Park or Kokshetau National Park, is a protected natural area located in the north [...] Read more.
This paper shows the results of a study on the morphometric, hydrophysical, and hydrochemical indicators of Lake Burabay, North Kazakhstan. The Burabay Protected Area, also known as Burabay National Park or Kokshetau National Park, is a protected natural area located in the north of Kazakhstan. It encompasses a diverse landscape characterized by lakes, forests, and unique rock formations. This analysis includes an eco-toxicological assessment of the hydrochemical composition of waters and benthal deposits by studying the content of metals. The degree of mineralization, ionic composition of water, hydrogen index, pollution index, and water quality class were also determined. Reductions in the area and depth of the lake were identified. The pollution index is 1.5–1.7, which belongs to class 3—moderately polluted. Relatively high concentrations of cadmium, nickel, copper, and arsenic were found in the lake sediments. Therefore, Lake Burabay and its surrounding ecosystem face certain environmental risks and potential water pollution. Although the increase in the number of tourists did not have a significant impact on the water pollution index in Lake Burabay, some of the common threats that impact the area are induced by touristic development, agricultural practices and industrial pollution. Significant efforts should be made to reduce these risks using the environmental indicators as a reference for control environmental quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water System Pollution: Monitoring and Control)
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22 pages, 4206 KiB  
Article
Spatial Variability of Physicochemical Parameters and Phytoplankton at the Tagus Estuary (Portugal)
by Rui Cereja, Paula Chainho, Vanda Brotas, Joana P. C. Cruz, Giulia Sent, Marta Rodrigues, Frederico Carvalho, Sara Cabral and Ana C. Brito
Sustainability 2022, 14(20), 13324; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013324 - 17 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1684
Abstract
The estuarine phytoplankton communities are known to respond rapidly to environmental changes, being considered an important water quality indicator; thus, it is crucial to fully understand its natural variability. The objective of the present study was to assess the spatial variability of both [...] Read more.
The estuarine phytoplankton communities are known to respond rapidly to environmental changes, being considered an important water quality indicator; thus, it is crucial to fully understand its natural variability. The objective of the present study was to assess the spatial variability of both physicochemical variables and the phytoplankton community, to understand how such variability is influenced by seasonality and to evaluate how the anthropogenic sources affect such patterns. The Tagus estuary was used as a case study, since it is one of Europe’s largest estuaries, with high spatial and seasonal variations and a high level of human pressure associated with large urban and industrial areas. To achieve this goal, environmental parameters, nutrients concentration, bivalve biomass (filter feeders) and phytoplankton pigments were quantified in a single summer sampling campaign with high spatial resolution and in monthly campaigns in eight sampling stations through the Tagus estuary, in one year. In general, suspended particulate matter and nutrients decreased from the upper part of the estuary to the estuary mouth; however, relevant local inputs were also observed in more downstream locations, near outfalls of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). The chlorophyll-a concentrations were higher over the southern intertidal mudflats, probably due to resuspension of microphytobenthos, associated with higher nutrient concentrations. Through a grazing indicator, it was observed that grazers are important drivers of variability of the phytoplankton community composition. All water bodies achieved “good” and “high” water quality classifications for both physicochemical and biological indicators, with the worst results reported for the water bodies located at the upper estuary. Therefore, this estuary presents a decreasing trend of nutrients and chlorophyll-a in the upstream–downstream direction, except for the estuary channels and the outfall in the northern margin, which lead to an increase in nutrient concentrations. However, these increases did not affect the water quality of the three analyzed water bodies, presenting at least good ecological status, considering the nutrient and chlorophyll-a indicators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water System Pollution: Monitoring and Control)
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Review

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28 pages, 3320 KiB  
Review
Global Investigations of Seawater Intrusion (SWI) in Coastal Groundwaters in the Last Two Decades (2000–2020): A Bibliometric Analysis
by Muthukumar Perumal, Selvam Sekar and Paula C. S. Carvalho
Sustainability 2024, 16(3), 1266; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16031266 - 2 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1940
Abstract
Seawater intrusion represents the flow of seawater through coastal aquifers, but it also affects surface water bodies such as channels, canals, and wetlands. Transitional water volumes, variable density and salinity distributions, and heterogeneous hydraulic properties describe coastal aquifers which are present in complex [...] Read more.
Seawater intrusion represents the flow of seawater through coastal aquifers, but it also affects surface water bodies such as channels, canals, and wetlands. Transitional water volumes, variable density and salinity distributions, and heterogeneous hydraulic properties describe coastal aquifers which are present in complex environments. The relationships between water density and salinity, climatic variations, groundwater pumps, and sea level fluctuations provide complex hydrological conditions related to the distribution of dissolved salts. This review will focus on (i) systematic evaluation of global SWI areas assessed by different methodologies and author contributions, (ii) SWI identified areas across the world using publication results, and (iii) bibliometric analysis of SWI publications for evaluation of the current status in coastal zone management, including the research gaps that are published in the Journal of Hydrology (5.91%), Environmental Geology (3.41%), Hydrogeology Journal (3.20%), Science of the Total Environment (1.60%), Water Resources Research (1.50%), Arabian Journal of Geosciences (1.30%), Environmental Earth Sciences (1.20%), Advances in Water Resources (1.10%), Applied Geochemistry (1.10%), Water Resources Management (1.0%), and Hydrological Processes (0.8%), a collection representing 30.59% (94 articles) of the total peer-reviewed scientific products of the past two decades focusing on the use of the present status of SWI in coastal aquifers, estuaries, and lagoons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Water System Pollution: Monitoring and Control)
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