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Marine Biomass as the Basis for a Bio-Based, Circular Economy

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioeconomy of Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2025) | Viewed by 4163

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Scotland
Interests: blue economy; sustainable use of the marine environment; sustainable aquaculture; development of economically and environmentally sustainable production systems for marine animals and plants; and marine resource management

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Guest Editor
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
Interests: environmental interactions of aquaculture; hatchery and growout techniques for commercially important marine species; sustainable aquaculture practice; aquaculture spatial planning; carbon footprint of aquatic products; marine ecosystem-based management (MEBM); sustainable aquaculture governance

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Guest Editor
Nofima, Ås, Norway
Interests: aquaculture; aquaculture genetics (genetic parameters, selection strategies, genetic disease resistance, and breeding objectives); genetic resources and the adoption of breeding technologies; fish welfare and organic aquaculture (e.g., social interactions, consumer attitudes, willingness to pay, and regulations); sustainable food systems; circular bioeconomy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the global economy slowly pivots away from its reliance on fossil fuels, there is a growing need for truly sustainable raw material for the emerging bio-based economy. This raw material has multiple end points such as human feed, animal feed, bio-energy, bulk chemicals or the basis for bio-based products such as alternate plastics and bio-materials (termed here as food, feed or feedstocks). These new industries and their associated products will require a substantial increase in the global availability of feedstocks on which the industry will be based. If the global society is to avoid its past mistakes, then it is crucial that this new economy be based on the principles of economic, social and environmental sustainability and circularity, to move beyond a linear approach of use and discard. The supply of terrestrial food, feed or feedstocks is already facing sustainability issues in terms of land use, freshwater use, biodiversity loss and social conflicts and so there is growing interest to develop marine-based alternatives. 

Marine biomass offers a number of advantages as the basis for this new economy, including the natural productivity of marine systems, the large amount of space available for the provision of biomass, and that their use beyond human feed is still to be extensively explored. In this Special Issue, we aim to explore the potential provision, conversion and use of various forms of marine biomass, along with the sustainability impacts (economic, social and environmental) of the creation of this new marine bio-based circular economy. Themes of the Special Issue might include marine biomass provision such as aquaculture production, marine biomass stabilisation, conversion, and the social/environmental or economic impacts of biomass production, stabilisation or conversion.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Adam Hughes
Dr. Hui Liu
Dr. Ingrid Olesen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine biomass
  • marine bio-based circular economy
  • blue economy
  • sustainable use of the marine environment
  • sustainable aquaculture
  • marine ecosystem-based management
  • marine biomass stabilisation and conversion
  • social/environmental or economic impacts of biomass production, stabilisation or conversion

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 3454 KiB  
Article
The Storage and Production of Bioenergy Using Macroalgae Biomass—Part I: Ensiling
by Arlene K. Ditchfield, Philip D. Kerrison, Alison Mair, George Hurst, David H. Green, Michele S. Stanley, Jeffrey Fedenko and Adam D. Hughes
Sustainability 2024, 16(24), 11094; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162411094 - 18 Dec 2024
Viewed by 916
Abstract
Ensiling is a promising low-cost preservation approach that allows for a year-round supply of kelp feedstock for biofuel production via anaerobic digestion. In this study, farm-grown kelps of known age were ensiled with and without the addition of lactic acid bacterial (LAB) inoculant [...] Read more.
Ensiling is a promising low-cost preservation approach that allows for a year-round supply of kelp feedstock for biofuel production via anaerobic digestion. In this study, farm-grown kelps of known age were ensiled with and without the addition of lactic acid bacterial (LAB) inoculant for a duration of up to one year in order to test long-term storage suitability. The study looked at the impacts of different bacterial inoculums on the chemical and microbial composition over the duration of storage. Significant fluctuations in the pH were observed during ensiling, leading to some cases of secondary fermentation and a loss of volatile components; however, over 12 months, the total mass loss was <2% on average. Biochemical compositional changes occurred in the silage over a period of 12 months, but protein, lipid and carbohydrate content remained suitable for biogas production. Microbial analysis showed variability in the bacterial distribution between the ensiled samples that was coincident with pH variability. Despite this variability, the bacterial communities underwent a succession with a selection for ensilage bacteria and drop in spoilage organisms. This shift supports the viability of this ensiled material for future usage. The impact of ensiling on bioenergy production through anaerobic digestion is explored in the second part of this two-part paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Biomass as the Basis for a Bio-Based, Circular Economy)
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23 pages, 1421 KiB  
Article
Suitability of Residues from Seaweed and Fish Processing for Composting and as Fertilizer
by Joshua Cabell, Susanne Eich-Greatorex, Violeta Alexandra Ion, Tore Krogstad, Sevasti Matsia, Maria Perikli, Athanasios Salifoglou and Anne-Kristin Løes
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7190; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167190 - 21 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1326
Abstract
There is a need to find novel sources of fertilizers to meet the increasing food demands of a growing human population and alternatives to mined and synthetic fertilizers for the certified organic sector. Composting is a common method for processing and stabilizing organic [...] Read more.
There is a need to find novel sources of fertilizers to meet the increasing food demands of a growing human population and alternatives to mined and synthetic fertilizers for the certified organic sector. Composting is a common method for processing and stabilizing organic residues for use in horticulture. To that end, a small-scale composting experiment with six combinations of dried and ground rockweed (Ascophyllum nodosum), algae fiber from chemically processed rockweed, ground bones and fishmeal from cod (Gadus morhua), and ground blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) was conducted in Dewar flasks to assess whether these residues are suitable for composting and have potential for use as fertilizers. Expanded clay aggregates were used as a bulking material. Physicochemical analyses were performed on the residues and their mixtures before and after composting, and the temperature in the flasks was monitored for 92 days. Suitability was determined by evaluating the temperature dynamics, changes in physiochemical parameters, and nutrient profiles. All treatments generated heat, with reductions in C/N ratio, weight, and volume, demonstrating suitability for composting. The treatments with algae fiber had a higher mean temperature (34.5 vs. 29.0 °C) and more degree days above the thermophilic range (mean = 176- vs. 19-degree days), the greatest reduction in volume (mean = 35% vs. 27%), and the lowest C/N ratios at the end of active composting (18 vs. 24) compared to the treatments with dried and ground seaweed. In terms of fertilizer value, none of the finished composts were balanced for use as fertilizers alone and, in some cases, contained too much Na, but contained sufficient concentrations of K, S, Mg, and Ca and could be a valuable source of these nutrients and organic matter in combination with other N- and P-rich sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Biomass as the Basis for a Bio-Based, Circular Economy)
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14 pages, 1936 KiB  
Article
Seasonal Variation in the Element Composition of Dried, Powdered Green Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) from Northern Norway
by Philip James, Tor Evensen and Alexandra Kinnby
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 6727; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166727 - 6 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1362
Abstract
In many countries, such as Norway, there are vast quantities of sea urchins that have formed barrens over large areas of the coastline. Research has shown that removal of sufficient quantities of sea urchins from these barrens can lead to them reverting to [...] Read more.
In many countries, such as Norway, there are vast quantities of sea urchins that have formed barrens over large areas of the coastline. Research has shown that removal of sufficient quantities of sea urchins from these barrens can lead to them reverting to a macroalgae forest. Identifying the chemical composition of sea urchins for various uses, such as agricultural fertiliser, would incentivise this sea urchin removal. This study investigates the composition of sea urchins and whether the composition varies when sea urchin collection sites vary both geographically and temporally. Sea urchins were collected from three sites within 10 km of each other in northern Norway at three times through the year. The sea urchins were dried, crushed, powdered, and analysed for nutrient content. An elemental analysis from the sea urchin samples showed high calcium and relatively high magnesium levels; smaller relative quantities of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium were also found. Micronutrients such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) were found. More importantly, both primary, macro-, and micronutrients showed high variability when collected from different sites and at different times of the year. This will be a critical consideration when investigating the use of this product as a plant fertiliser or for any other use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Biomass as the Basis for a Bio-Based, Circular Economy)
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