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Anthropology and Sustainability: Relations between People, Societies and Environments

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainability in Geographic Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 February 2022) | Viewed by 26727

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Business IT, IT University of Copenhagen, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: anthropology; climate change; information technology; democracy; politics

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Guest Editor
Centre for Sustainable Futures, The Saxo Institute, University of Copenhagen, 1353 Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: sustainability; green transition; environmental anthropology; agriculture; anthropocene

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focusses on the contribution of anthropology to contemporary interdisciplinary debates about sustainability. Practitioners of anthropology—academic and applied—are trained in allowing for multiple and critical perspectives on governance, policies, concepts  and everyday practices and they are adept in analysing a topic relationally with reference to both particular and structural factors. This makes anthropologists uniquely positioned to enter into dialogue with a diversity of ways of knowing and acting upon sustainability as both abstract discourse and concrete goals; as an agenda or a “project” (McMichael 2012), which is at once global in scope and local in its effects and materializations.

However, how, more concretely, do anthropologists analyze and contribute to the project of sustainability across diverse settings? How does a discipline marked by a distinct focus on humans in their concrete environments deal with the systemic qualities often implied in ideas about sustainability? How does anthropology’s propensity for studying things that do not add up to coherent and fixed wholes play into other disciplines’ approaches to sustainability that might rely on things like indicators, factors, assessment tools, numbers, etc.? How can anthropology maintain its critical stance towards managerial and technological fixes and processes of dispossession, while still contributing to a perceived global good and maintaining a productive dialogue with those in power?

With this Special Issue, we invite contributions that can help us explore questions such as these and thereby investigate the unique and constructive contribution of anthropology to understand how sustainability “lives” and “works” in a number of concrete contexts of any scale and type. Rather than approaching sustainability as a discrete thing or even a defined end goal, we seek articles that explore how sustainability is and can be employed as a means of foregrounding or downplaying particular relations between people, societies and environments. We specifically invite contributions that bring such relational insights to bear on work on the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, green transition of societies and sustainable innovation processes.

Recent literature on the relationship between anthropology and sustainability has focused on a) anthropology’s ability to understand the concept in relation to concrete locations and practices, thus exploring how sustainability discourse is or is not compatible with everyday life in different communities with diverse needs and cultural frames of reference for quality of life (Maida 2007; Brightman and Lewis 2017), b) anthropology’s potential for dialogue with other disciplines in developing sustainability in science, policy-making, planning and rural and urban development relating to the environment (Murphy and McDonagh 2016; Dove and Kammen 2015) and c) critically assessing the discourse of sustainability itself (Brightman and Lewis 2017).

The proposed volume will build upon the above. However, our aim is also to combine these foci in an effort to generate a robust anthropological take on sustainability that brings together local level practicalities, technological innovation, national policy-making, planning and global aspirations. Indeed, one anthropological tenet would be to approach these levels not as sustainability in different sizes or spheres, but as part of what structures our being in the world. As such, this special issue will contribute to a much-needed qualification of sustainability as a “total social project: that does real and urgent work in the world, but which is not easily parceled out into distinct indicators, scalable units, ecosystems, life cycles or named universal goals.

Dr. Steffen Dalsgaard
Dr. Frida Hastrup
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • anthropology
  • practice
  • development
  • interdisciplinarity

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 291 KiB  
Article
Can IT Resolve the Climate Crisis? Sketching the Role of an Anthropology of Digital Technology
by Steffen Dalsgaard
Sustainability 2022, 14(10), 6109; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106109 - 17 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3212
Abstract
How can an anthropology of digital technology contribute to our understanding of climate mitigating initiatives? Governments and private sector industries argue that climate mitigation must focus on “decoupling” economic growth from carbon emissions if we are to reduce climate impact while still maintaining [...] Read more.
How can an anthropology of digital technology contribute to our understanding of climate mitigating initiatives? Governments and private sector industries argue that climate mitigation must focus on “decoupling” economic growth from carbon emissions if we are to reduce climate impact while still maintaining a healthy economy. Most proponents of decoupling envisage that digitalization will play a central role in this operation. Critics, however, argue that IT has a large and often unacknowledged climate impact, while IT solutions also frequently bring new and unforeseen problems, particular or systemic. The challenge of decoupling is thus broader than the management of the relationship between the economy and the climate. As much as decoupling is about how we imagine that the climate crisis can be solved with technologies, trusting that they can create the changes we need, it is also about the cultural value of lifestyles that we do not want to change. Seeing the climate crisis from this perspective opens the door for an anthropology of digital technology, which allows us to approach decoupling as a matter of how sociocultural change is imagined in the spaces between IT, climate change and society. The article thus contributes to the qualitative social scientific literature on perceptions of change by focusing on some of the ways that implicit ideas of change are embedded in the promotion of digital technologies as solutions to climate change. In addition, it presents to a wider scientific audience the perspectives that an anthropologically inspired analytic may provide on this topic. Full article
15 pages, 287 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Animal Production in Denmark: Anthropological Interventions
by Frida Hastrup, Nathalia Brichet and Liza Rosenbaum Nielsen
Sustainability 2022, 14(9), 5584; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095584 - 6 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3234
Abstract
In 2020, Denmark passed a new Climate Act. Labelled one of the world’s most ambitious, the law explicitly obliges the country to be a global frontrunner in the green transition. Zooming in on the large Danish animal production sector, this article analyzes how [...] Read more.
In 2020, Denmark passed a new Climate Act. Labelled one of the world’s most ambitious, the law explicitly obliges the country to be a global frontrunner in the green transition. Zooming in on the large Danish animal production sector, this article analyzes how ambitious climate goals are addressed by industrial, political, and scientific stakeholders in the sector. Based on the method of anthropological fieldwork, and theoretically informed by relational and performative approaches, as well as science and technology studies, the article explores how sustainability features in documents, policies, strategies, research presentations, and other outputs on Danish livestock, with the aim of understanding how an intensified animal production sector aligns itself with the green agenda. Accordingly, the article describes the work of sustainability and finds that a sustainable livestock industry is commonly articulated by making some units of animal production visible as central while ignoring or downplaying others. The analysis shows a Danish livestock sector that appears to consist of particular entities that science, industry, and politics can intervene in, manage, connect, and disconnect in specific selective ways. Altogether, the paper argues that this caters to a relative sustainability—a production sector seen as greener than others (per unit produced)—which, in turn, allows for it to ignore local responsibilities for planetary boundaries, even as Danish animal production is posited as a common, natural, and global good. The anthropological mode of analysis is an intervention that qualifies how such naturalization plays out. Full article
17 pages, 278 KiB  
Article
From Structure to Purpose: Green and Social Narratives, and the Shifting Morality of Islamic Finance in Kuala Lumpur
by Adnan Zikri Jaafar and Marc Brightman
Sustainability 2022, 14(9), 5433; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095433 - 30 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2686
Abstract
Background: The anthropology of sustainability documents and interprets diverse visions of sustainable and liveable futures. Islamic scholars and financiers are now debating the distinctive contribution of Islamic finance to global sustainability. While mainstream global finance has only recently begun to pay explicit attention [...] Read more.
Background: The anthropology of sustainability documents and interprets diverse visions of sustainable and liveable futures. Islamic scholars and financiers are now debating the distinctive contribution of Islamic finance to global sustainability. While mainstream global finance has only recently begun to pay explicit attention to social and environmental sustainability, Islamic economics has always emphasised the need to benefit society, the community, and the environment. Objectives: We ask what has been the influence of the emergence of green and social finance upon Islamic finance in Malaysia, the global centre of Islamic finance. Methods: The study is based on collaborative, co-productive ethnography and autoethnography, and textual analysis of working documents of the Securities Commission Malaysia, focusing on how environmental requirements are expressed in new financial products, known as green sukuks, or green Islamic bonds. Results and conclusions: We have found that much of the moral debate in Islamic finance has revolved around the distribution of financial risk: when investors share the risk of failure, they can participate in society rather than merely exploiting social relations, yet the emergence of ‘green’ Islamic finance appears to shift the centre of moral gravity away from risk structuring towards technical criteria of sustainability, replicating the growth-oriented anthropocentric managerialism of mainstream finance. Full article
13 pages, 237 KiB  
Article
Preservation or Diversification? Ideas and Practices Connected with Sustainability in Vanuatu
by Arno Pascht
Sustainability 2022, 14(8), 4733; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084733 - 14 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1943
Abstract
The aim of this article is to explore anthropology’s potential to contribute to reflections on the definition of sustainability. It draws on in-depth ethnographic fieldwork in the South Pacific island state of Vanuatu, using as its main methods semi-structured interviews, participant observation and [...] Read more.
The aim of this article is to explore anthropology’s potential to contribute to reflections on the definition of sustainability. It draws on in-depth ethnographic fieldwork in the South Pacific island state of Vanuatu, using as its main methods semi-structured interviews, participant observation and freelisting. This article presents decisions and acts of the inhabitants of the rural village of Siviri regarding both the cultivation of food crops and fishing. It relates findings to a recent anthropological working definition of ‘sustainability’ that emphasises facilitating the necessary conditions for change by building and supporting diversity to address the unpredictability of the future. This definition is opposed to other current definitions that stress the preservation of existing norms. The research results presented here show that, with their decidedly future-oriented ideas and practices, the villagers of Siviri engaged with climate change adaptation projects and workshops regarding conservation and subsequently created new cultivation methods and established a marine conservation area. Additionally, they reduced their engagement in cultivation and diversified their livelihood practices. Referring to theoretical approaches connected with the ‘ontological turn’ in anthropology, it is argued that asking ontological questions reveals fundamental differences between the inhabitants of the village of Siviri and international and national governments and organisations in terms of their conceptualisations connected with sustainability. The article concludes that anthropology can make important contributions to discussions about sustainability that have the potential to improve the dialogue between different stakeholders by showing the alterity of conceptualisations. This may lead to new, localised and contextualised definitions of sustainability. Full article
11 pages, 237 KiB  
Article
The Sustainability of an Anthropology of the Anthropocene
by Thomas Hylland Eriksen
Sustainability 2022, 14(6), 3674; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063674 - 21 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6652
Abstract
The societies studied in early social and cultural anthropology were by default considered what we would now call sustainable, in that they were assumed to be capable of reproducing themselves indefinitely, changing only incrementally and almost imperceptibly. Change was considered to be caused [...] Read more.
The societies studied in early social and cultural anthropology were by default considered what we would now call sustainable, in that they were assumed to be capable of reproducing themselves indefinitely, changing only incrementally and almost imperceptibly. Change was considered to be caused by exogenous factors such as colonialism. The contrast with the contemporary practices and theories of anthropology is striking: The anthropology of the Anthropocene accepts globalisation as a fact, seeing societies as interlinked and culture as unbounded, and threats to sustainability are mainly conceptualised in terms of ecological devastation and climate change. The notion of sustainable development, introduced in 1987 and later elaborated in the UN Sustainable Development Goals, shares the global vision of contemporary anthropology but presupposes economic growth and brackets cultural diversity. To this discourse and its associated practices, anthropology is making major contributions, profiting from the methodological advances made a century ago, but contextualising ethnography in the global Anthropocene, using the tools of the discipline to critique facile universalism, engaging in dialogue with local worlds and showing that there are many alternatives. The methodologies devised for research in ostensibly unchanging village societies are still relevant for research on global crises, but the new anthropology is by necessity interdisciplinary. Full article
17 pages, 319 KiB  
Article
Sustainability as a Moral Discourse: Its Shifting Meanings, Exclusions, and Anxieties
by Shoko Yamada, Lav Kanoi, Vanessa Koh, Al Lim and Michael R. Dove
Sustainability 2022, 14(5), 3095; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14053095 - 7 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 6109
Abstract
As sustainability gains popularity in public discourse, scholars have noted its diverse uses, multiple meanings, and contradictory outcomes. This paper explores how the current proliferation of the concept of sustainability stems in part from its varied normative appeals, which in turn motivate, legitimate, [...] Read more.
As sustainability gains popularity in public discourse, scholars have noted its diverse uses, multiple meanings, and contradictory outcomes. This paper explores how the current proliferation of the concept of sustainability stems in part from its varied normative appeals, which in turn motivate, legitimate, and unsettle its diverse mobilizations. As the concept of sustainability calls for an extension of moral horizons beyond the immediate here and now, this redrawing of moral boundaries has simultaneously produced new externalities as well as enduring anxieties and responses within these moral bounds themselves. Drawing on ethnographic and historical materials, we argue that sustainability’s moral boundaries have become both an object of scholarly critique and their own productive site of anxiety and negotiation. Questions about sustainability’s moral horizons and externalities often surface in the concept’s public deployment itself. We suggest that these tensions can be made visible by attending to the intersections between sustainability and a broader range of moral concerns at work. Full article
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