Sustainability

24 pages, 3063 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From Knowledge to Action: How Portuguese Higher Education Students Engage with Circular Economy Principles

by Ana Pardal, Anabela Moreira, Cristina Galacho, Dina Mateus, Laura Viegas, Marcelo Gaspar, Margarida Ribau Teixeira, Vitor Manteigas and Maria Alzira Pimenta Dinis

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3279; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073279 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 603

Abstract

This study investigates the perceptions and practices of Portuguese higher education students regarding the circular economy (CE), emphasising their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours toward sustainable resource management. Carried out by the Working Group on Circular Economy and Waste Management of the Portuguese Sustainable [...] Read more.

This study investigates the perceptions and practices of Portuguese higher education students regarding the circular economy (CE), emphasising their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours toward sustainable resource management. Carried out by the Working Group on Circular Economy and Waste Management of the Portuguese Sustainable Campus Network (RCS), the research used an online survey targeting students from 20 higher education institutions (HEIs), resulting in 400 responses. The findings indicate that while students generally hold positive views of the CE, their understanding of its practical applications, such as waste reduction and resource efficiency, remains limited. Only a small proportion of students reported exposure to CE-related topics in their curriculum, revealing a gap in academic integration. This study also identifies significant demographic variations in CE awareness and practices, influenced by factors such as age, field of study, and employment status. These insights underscore the need for HEIs to strengthen CE education and actively involve students in hands-on sustainability initiatives, fostering a generation equipped to drive the transition toward a circular economy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecological Engineering and Circular Economy)

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16 pages, 2854 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluating the Level of Balance Between Demand and Supply at Bus Stops Using Smartcard Data

by Shin-Hyung Cho

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3278; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073278 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 198

Abstract

The efficient operation of urban bus systems necessitates the alignment of service supply with passenger demand. An inadequate supply of services results in passenger inconvenience, whereas excessive supply leads to inefficiencies for operators. This study introduces a performance measure to evaluate the equilibrium [...] Read more.

The efficient operation of urban bus systems necessitates the alignment of service supply with passenger demand. An inadequate supply of services results in passenger inconvenience, whereas excessive supply leads to inefficiencies for operators. This study introduces a performance measure to evaluate the equilibrium between demand and supply at bus stops. The methodology involves deriving cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of passenger waiting times during peak (High Ridership Period, HRP) and non-peak hours (Non-High Ridership Period, NHRP) using smartcard data. The maximum vertical distance between these CDFs, along with their definite integrals, serves as the basis for the performance metric. Using a reference threshold of 0.16, bus stops are categorized into three groups: those experiencing excessive demand, those operating in a balanced state, and those with insufficient supply during non-peak hours. This method was applied to 1785 bus stops in Seoul, demonstrating that balanced stops exhibited the shortest average waiting times. The analysis also revealed that stops with excessive demand had significantly higher ridership, whereas stops with lower supply showed ambiguous boundaries between the HRP and NHRP. The proposed performance measure offers a valuable tool for assessing and enhancing the service levels of public transport systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Sustainable Public Transportation System: Behavior, Safety and Planning)

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22 pages, 778 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Talent Management in Enhancing Employee Retention: Mediating the Influence of Psychological Empowerment

by Dalila B. S. Menezes, Megi Gumashivili and Kiti Kanokon

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3277; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073277 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 588

Abstract

In this study, the mediating effect of psychological empowerment (PE) is examined along with the impact of talent management (TM) in improving employee retention (ER). Companies increasingly realize how important strategic TM is in retaining talented workers and promoting organizational success in today’s [...] Read more.

In this study, the mediating effect of psychological empowerment (PE) is examined along with the impact of talent management (TM) in improving employee retention (ER). Companies increasingly realize how important strategic TM is in retaining talented workers and promoting organizational success in today’s cutthroat business world. Using a cross-sectional survey of 226 employees across multiple sectors in São Tomé and Príncipe, this study examines TM’s effects on ER through PE’s mediating role. This research demonstrates that TM has a significant positive effect on ER and that PE mediates the relationship between TM and ER. Organizations can create an environment that nurtures commitment, motivation, and long-term retention by empowering employees through targeted TM practices. According to this study, PE is crucial in connecting TM tactics to better ER results, advancing HRM theory. The findings support the theories that PE mediates the interaction between TM and ER and that TM positively impacts ER and PE. To maintain a competitive edge in the modern workforce, HR professionals looking to boost employee engagement, satisfaction, and loyalty will find this study offers helpful insights. Full article

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19 pages, 7032 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Characteristics of Soil and Plant Ecological Stoichiometry of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Different Wetland Types of the Yellow River

by Chuang Yan, Yuanyuan Li, Jinjuan Gao and Xiaoyan Wang

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3276; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073276 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 244

Abstract

Clarifying carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) ecological stoichiometry helps us to understand the ecological functions of wetland ecosystems. This study investigated the variations in ecological stoichiometry and their driving factors in the Yellow River wetland. Soil and plant samples were collected [...] Read more.

Clarifying carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) ecological stoichiometry helps us to understand the ecological functions of wetland ecosystems. This study investigated the variations in ecological stoichiometry and their driving factors in the Yellow River wetland. Soil and plant samples were collected and analyzed from riparian lower-beach wetland (LBW), riparian higher-beach wetland (HBW), and depressional wetland (DW) at the junction of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, respectively. Compared with HBW, DW exhibited higher soil C/N (9.15 ± 0.13), C/P (11.17 ± 0.52), and N/P (1.08 ± 0.09) (p < 0.01), indicating its stronger C and N storage capacity. At the community level, higher plant C/N and C/P in LBW (21.47 ± 1.61 and 206.80 ± 1.75, respectively) and HBW (22.91 ± 0.90 and 241.04 ± 3.28, respectively) compared to DW (14.44 ± 1.02 and 115.66 ± 2.82, respectively) (p < 0.01) suggested that plants in LBW and HBW had greater C assimilation and nutrient use efficiency. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and hydrolyzed N (SHN) positively affected soil ecological stoichiometry (p < 0.01). In contrast, soil EC, soil organic C, dissolved organic C, and SHN negatively altered plant stoichiometric ratios (p < 0.05), which were regulated by plant functional groups. When pooling all wetlands, stoichiometric ratios of plants were closely correlated with those of soil (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that wetland types notably affect soil and plant stoichiometry. Wetland types exerted opposite effects on soil and plant stoichiometry due to the different influences of soil physicochemical properties and the coupling effects of nutrient and stoichiometry between soil and plants. Therefore, the interactions between plant and soil stoichiometry should be considered to explore the C and nutrient cycles in riverine wetlands. Our research emphasizes the necessity of considering wetland type differences and intricate plant–soil stoichiometric interactions in formulating management strategies and maintaining the sustainability of wetlands. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Soil Conservation and Sustainability)

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17 pages, 2609 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differences in Port Pricing Strategies: Case of Port and Fairway Fees in Northern Baltic Sea Countries

by Tõnis Hunt, Ulla Tapaninen and Jonne Kotta

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3275; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073275 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 181

Abstract

Ports and waterways are integral components of the maritime transport system, facilitating global trade and logistics. Governments, ports, and service providers levy charges on vessels for the use of fairways, port access, and associated services. This study analyzes the port and fairway fee [...] Read more.

Ports and waterways are integral components of the maritime transport system, facilitating global trade and logistics. Governments, ports, and service providers levy charges on vessels for the use of fairways, port access, and associated services. This study analyzes the port and fairway fee strategies of seven major Baltic Sea ports across four countries: Estonia (Tallinn and Sillamäe), Latvia (Riga and Ventspils), Finland (Helsinki and HaminaKotka), and Sweden (Stockholm). The analysis evaluates the application of general port pricing principles in these ports’ strategies. The findings reveal that port fees are predominantly value-based, with tariff rates varying by vessel type and cargo. However, no uniform structure exists for fairway fees. Notably, incorporating environmental components into fairway fee calculations emerges as a promising mechanism to promote sustainability in maritime transport. By incentivizing the adoption of environmentally friendly vessels through differentiated fee structures, ports and policymakers can accelerate the transition toward greener shipping practices. This study highlights the role of economic instruments in advancing environmental objectives and emphasizes the need for a harmonized, sustainability-driven approach to fairway and port pricing in the Baltic Sea region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Business for Sustainability)

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19 pages, 8101 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Study on the Mechanism of Stoichiometric Combustion Knock in Marine Natural Gas Low-Carbon Engines in Rapid Compression Machine Combustion Chambers

by Qiang Zhang, Xiangrong Li, Zhipeng Li, Yang Xu, Guohao Zhao and Baofeng Yao

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3274; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073274 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 167

Abstract

The vigorous development of marine engines fueled by natural gas can effectively support the reform of energy structures in the field of ship power, aligning with the global trend toward sustainable development and green shipping. However, the presence of knock significantly hinders the [...] Read more.

The vigorous development of marine engines fueled by natural gas can effectively support the reform of energy structures in the field of ship power, aligning with the global trend toward sustainable development and green shipping. However, the presence of knock significantly hinders the improvement of engine thermal efficiency. Therefore, studying the knock mechanism in natural gas engines is not only crucial for enhancing engine power and economy but also for advancing the transition to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources in the maritime industry. In this paper, via a 2D numerical model, the dominant role in the knock mechanism of stoichiometric methane combustion in a combustion chamber of a rapid compression machine (RCM) is revealed. It further establishes the association mechanism between constant-volume combustion and pressure wave suppression at high temperatures. The results show that the knock is caused by the end-gas auto-ignition. The increase in initial temperature can significantly change auto-ignition modes and combustion modes, but initial pressure has little effect on this. The increase in initial temperature will inhibit the strength of pressure waves, and the increase in initial pressure cannot significantly increase the strength of pressure waves. The main cause why auto-ignition occurs earlier is not due to the increase in the strength of pressure waves, but the decrease in the required increase in temperature to attain ignition temperature caused by the increase in initial temperature. The peak pressure is affected by the initial pressure on the left wall before auto-ignition and the increase in pressure on the left wall at low to medium initial temperature. The pressure oscillation amplitude is positively correlated to the increase in pressure on the left wall. Constant volume combustion will occur at a high initial temperature. The increase and decrease in pressure are very uniform which will lead to the decrease in the pressure oscillation amplitude. The peak pressure depends on the influence of initial temperature and pressure on the increase in pressure produced by constant volume combustion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Shipping and Operational Strategies of Clean Energy)

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47 pages, 6056 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization of Logistics Distribution Centers Based on Economic Efficiency and Sustainability: Data Support from the Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos–Ulanqab Urban Agglomeration

by Kewei Wang, Kekun Fan and Yuhong Chen

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3273; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073273 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 213

Abstract

This study proposes a nonlinear 0-1 mixed-integer programming model for optimizing the location of logistics distribution centers within the Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos–Ulanqab urban agglomeration, integrating transportation costs, carbon emissions, and operational coefficients. The optimization problem is solved using a genetic algorithm (GA), whose robustness is [...] Read more.

This study proposes a nonlinear 0-1 mixed-integer programming model for optimizing the location of logistics distribution centers within the Hohhot–Baotou–Ordos–Ulanqab urban agglomeration, integrating transportation costs, carbon emissions, and operational coefficients. The optimization problem is solved using a genetic algorithm (GA), whose robustness is systematically validated through comparative analyses with linear programming (LP) and alternative heuristic optimization methods including simulated annealing (SA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Comprehensive sensitivity analyses are conducted on critical parameters—including transportation costs, demand fluctuations, carbon pricing mechanisms, the logistics center capacity, land use impact, and water resource constraints—to evaluate the model’s adaptability under diverse operational scenarios. The research methodology incorporates environmental impact factors, including carbon emission costs, land resource utilization, and water resource management, thereby extending traditional optimization frameworks to address region-specific ecological sensitivity concerns. The empirical results demonstrate that the optimized location configuration significantly reduces logistics operational costs while simultaneously enhancing both the economic efficiency and environmental sustainability, thus fostering regional economic coordination. This study makes several key contributions: (1) developing an integrated decision-making framework that balances economic efficiency and environmental sustainability; (2) systematically incorporating environmental impact factors into the optimization model; (3) establishing calibration methods specifically tailored for ecologically sensitive regions; and (4) demonstrating the potential for the synergistic optimization of economic and environmental objectives through strategic logistics network planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Logistics and Intelligent Transportation)

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16 pages, 1026 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Use of Circular Economy in Horticulture Research: A Bibliometric Analysis

by Emilio López, Maria de Fátima Oliveira and Pedro Reis

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3272; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073272 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 275

Abstract

This study explores the integration of circular economy (CE) concepts within horticultural research, assessing the reliability and depth of their application in scientific discourse. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 221 articles published between 2016 and 2024, utilising the PRISMA framework, VOSviewer version [...] Read more.

This study explores the integration of circular economy (CE) concepts within horticultural research, assessing the reliability and depth of their application in scientific discourse. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on 221 articles published between 2016 and 2024, utilising the PRISMA framework, VOSviewer version 1.6.20, and MAXQDA version 24.6.0 software to analyse keywords, abstracts, and thematic patterns. The findings reveal a growing use of CE-related terminology in horticulture research, particularly post-2019, with increasing emphasis on resource efficiency, waste minimisation, and closed-loop systems. However, a discrepancy was identified between the usage of CE principles in article keywords and their representation in abstracts, indicating an incomplete alignment with CE fundamentals. Despite this progress, the study highlights the need for a more consistent and precise application of CE principles to bridge the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical implementation. This alignment is critical for advancing the sustainability of horticultural practices and ensuring their contribution to broader environmental and economic goals. By fostering a deeper integration of CE concepts, horticulture research can play a pivotal role in addressing global sustainability challenges. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

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18 pages, 831 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Has Green Finance Reform and Innovation Pilot Zone Policy Improved New Quality Productive Forces? Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on Green Finance Reform and the Innovation Pilot Zone

by Zining Li, Liqi Wang, Guozhu Li and Kexin Li

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3271; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073271 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 262

Abstract

Using green finance reform and innovation pilot zone policy as a quasi-natural experiment, this study uses different methods to explore whether the policy implementation has improved new quality productivity in Chinese cities at the prefecture level and above. The results show that green [...] Read more.

Using green finance reform and innovation pilot zone policy as a quasi-natural experiment, this study uses different methods to explore whether the policy implementation has improved new quality productivity in Chinese cities at the prefecture level and above. The results show that green finance reform and innovation pilot zone policy can significantly improve the level of regional new quality productivity, and the results are robust. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that green finance reform and innovation pilot zone policy have heterogeneous impacts on the latest quality productivity of cities in different regions, scales, environmental regulatory intensities, financial development levels, and administrative levels. The parallel trend sensitivity test and function form robustness test further support the conclusions of this paper. Finally, suggestions are put forward to enhance green finance policies further. Full article

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17 pages, 950 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sustaining Digital Marketing Strategies to Enhance Customer Engagement and Brand Promotion: Position as a Moderator

by Marjan Kamyabi, Hale Özgit and Japheth Nuhu Ahmed

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3270; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073270 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 546

Abstract

Digital marketing strategies are vital for enhancing customer engagement, promoting brands, and ensuring sustainability. This study explores the influence of digital marketing on customer engagement and brand promotion within the dynamic tourism and hospitality industry while addressing a significant gap in incorporating employee [...] Read more.

Digital marketing strategies are vital for enhancing customer engagement, promoting brands, and ensuring sustainability. This study explores the influence of digital marketing on customer engagement and brand promotion within the dynamic tourism and hospitality industry while addressing a significant gap in incorporating employee position as a moderating variable. A quantitative research method was employed to collect data from 350 hotel employees in Tehran 4- and 5-star hotels. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was conducted to explore the moderator role. Key findings indicate that digital marketing strategies enhance customer engagement and positively influence brand promotion. Additionally, the moderating effect of employee position takes into account the differences among employees regarding service expectations and perceptions. Specifically, it highlights how the skills of managerial positions are better utilized when implementing digital strategies. This study supplements theoretical frameworks and practical applications and improves the strategic use of digital marketing in tourism and hospitality. The case study provides new insights for policymakers and hoteliers in the tourism and hotel industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Transformation and Open Innovation for Business Ecosystems)

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36 pages, 2613 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing Municipal Solid Waste Management in Hangzhou: Analyzing Public Willingness to Pay for Circular Economy Strategies

by Jiahao He, Shuwen Wu, Huifang Yu and Chun Bao

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3269; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073269 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 287

Abstract

Effective municipal solid waste (MSW) management is crucial for urban sustainability, especially in fast-growing cities, like Hangzhou, China. This study examines residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the following five key MSW measures: differentiated waste charging, smart recycling points, on-site organic waste recovery, [...] Read more.

Effective municipal solid waste (MSW) management is crucial for urban sustainability, especially in fast-growing cities, like Hangzhou, China. This study examines residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the following five key MSW measures: differentiated waste charging, smart recycling points, on-site organic waste recovery, volunteer-based waste sorting supervision, and a community self-governance fund. Based on a survey of 521 residents across 13 districts, we use logistic and interval regression models to identify factors influencing WTP and payment amounts. Key findings include the following: Higher-income and more educated residents prefer cost-efficient, technology-driven solutions, like smart recycling and differentiated charging. Newcomers (≤5 years of residence) show higher WTP and greater sensitivity to environmental information, highlighting the need for targeted outreach. Providing explicit environmental benefits (e.g., waste reduction, increased recycling) significantly boosts WTP rates and payment levels. Community characteristics matter—residents in high-density areas favor waste charging, while those in older neighborhoods support volunteer programs and self-governance funds. Policy implications center on targeted outreach, transparent fee structures, and incentive programs to foster public trust and enhance participation. Although MSW management in Hangzhou remains predominantly government-led, select collaboration with private enterprises (e.g., in specialized recycling services) may offer additional efficiency gains. By aligning these measures with localized preferences and demographic patterns, Hangzhou—and other quickly urbanizing regions—can develop robust and inclusive MSW systems that contribute to broader sustainable development objectives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Management for Sustainability: Emerging Issues and Technologies)

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23 pages, 5907 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Economic Potential of Algae Biostimulant for Sustainable Agriculture in the Baltic Sea Region: Impact of Furcellaria lumbricalis Digestate Extract on Basil Growth Promotion

by Inese Skapste, Gunta Grinberga-Zalite and Uldis Žaimis

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3268; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073268 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 323

Abstract

The development of sustainable agriculture is critical in order to address the growing challenges of global food security while reducing environmental impact. This study focuses on the potential of Furcellaria lumbricalis, red algae found in the Baltic Sea, that can serve as [...] Read more.

The development of sustainable agriculture is critical in order to address the growing challenges of global food security while reducing environmental impact. This study focuses on the potential of Furcellaria lumbricalis, red algae found in the Baltic Sea, that can serve as a source of biostimulant. The research methodology included several consecutive steps combining qualitative and quantitative research methods: (1) an analysis of secondary data and literature review; (2) the production of algae digestate by anaerobic fermentation; (3) supervised laboratory experiments; (4) economic analysis; and (5) an assessment of the availability and prospects for use of algae biomass in the Baltic Sea region. The anaerobic fermentation process was used to produce algae digestate, the effectiveness of which was tested under controlled laboratory conditions. Experiments with basil (Ocimum basilicum) plants showed that 3% digestate concentrations significantly enhanced plant growth, increasing green mass by 52.7% to 85.4%. Economic analysis revealed the potential to increase gross profit for different crops in Latvian agriculture. The results indicate the potential of Furcellaria lumbricalis digestate as an effective and sustainable biostimulant that can contribute to the development of the green economy in the region. However, further research is needed to optimise production processes, explore long-term impacts on soil and ecosystems and conduct field trials on different crops under different climatic conditions. In addition, it is necessary to investigate precise mechanisms of action at the molecular level and develop standardised quality control processes for the production of biostimulants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Sustainable Materials and Products)

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26 pages, 1877 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on the Impact of Polycentric City Network on Economic Growth in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration

by Yaxing Gu and Shukai Cai

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3267; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073267 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 271

Abstract

The Yangtze River Delta region is facing the demand for high-quality economic development, and the study of urban network as a manifestation of the interaction between cities is becoming increasingly important. This study focused on the node structure of the urban network in [...] Read more.

The Yangtze River Delta region is facing the demand for high-quality economic development, and the study of urban network as a manifestation of the interaction between cities is becoming increasingly important. This study focused on the node structure of the urban network in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2010 to 2021, used the modified gravity model to construct a polycentric city network from the perspective of economic flow, used the spatial Durbin model for spatial econometric analysis, and identified the conduction path through the two-step method of causal stepwise regression mediating effect test. The results show that Shanghai, as the core node city, has significantly promoted the economic development of Hangzhou, Nanjing, Hefei, and other cities and formed a metropolitan network structure characterized by “one core and five circles”. Under different spatial weight matrices, the polycentric city network has a significant positive impact on economic growth, and its impact is not only related to the economic level of the city itself but also closely related to the economic status of its neighboring cities. The polycentric city network significantly enhances economic growth by accelerating the flow of regional factors, promoting regional industrial division of labor and cooperation, and enhancing regional innovation capabilities. Full article

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16 pages, 3979 KiB

Open AccessArticle

ESG Integration and Green Computing: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis

by Erasmia Angelaki, Alexandros Garefalakis, Markos Kourgiantakis, Ioannis Sitzimis and Ioannis Passas

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3266; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073266 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 309

Abstract

As businesses increasingly prioritize sustainability, integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles with green computing has emerged as a critical strategy. However, research remains fragmented regarding how these two domains interact within the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework. This study conducts a bibliometric [...] Read more.

As businesses increasingly prioritize sustainability, integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles with green computing has emerged as a critical strategy. However, research remains fragmented regarding how these two domains interact within the Triple Bottom Line (TBL) framework. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of 750 articles published between 2004 and 2024, using multiple correspondence and co-citation analyses to identify key trends. The findings highlight a strong correlation between green computing practices and improved economic outcomes. The results indicate that China and the United States lead research output in this field, with a significant rise in publications post-2018, driven by regulatory pressures and corporate sustainable initiatives. Our findings emphasize that companies integrating green computing with ESG strategies can achieve long-term financial sustainability while meeting environmental and social responsibilities. This study provides insights from business leaders, policymakers, and researchers by identifying critical gaps and future research directions, including industry-specific applications and policy frameworks to accelerate ESG adoption in technology-driven enterprises. Future research should address practical challenges in implementing these practices across different industries and explore the long-term impacts of ESG integration on business performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Governance: ESG Practices in the Modern Corporation)

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2 pages, 145 KiB

Open AccessCorrection

Correction: Xu et al. Perceived Price Fairness as a Mediator in Customer Green Consumption: Insights from the New Energy Vehicle Industry and Sustainable Practices. Sustainability 2025, 17, 166

by Ziyu Xu, Zhiwen Song and Kwong-Yee Fong

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3265; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073265 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 138

Abstract

The authors would like to make the following corrections to [...] Full article

18 pages, 1353 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Multidimensional Exploration of the Factors Influencing Comprehensive Grain Production Capacity from a Spatial Perspective

by Zhijiao Liu, Shuo Hong and Jingjing Wang

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3264; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073264 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 272

Abstract

Improving comprehensive grain production capacity and ensuring food security is a critical step toward promoting national economic development and social stability. This study constructs an evaluation framework for comprehensive grain production capacity, examining five key dimensions: resource endowment, factor inputs, scientific and technological [...] Read more.

Improving comprehensive grain production capacity and ensuring food security is a critical step toward promoting national economic development and social stability. This study constructs an evaluation framework for comprehensive grain production capacity, examining five key dimensions: resource endowment, factor inputs, scientific and technological infrastructure, grain output, and sustainable development. The entropy method is employed to assess the national comprehensive grain production capacity. Subsequently, the study was performed based on the panel data from 31 provinces in China, covering the period from 2011 to 2022. This analysis was framed within the context of the Spatial Durbin Model and focused on four key aspects: the inputs of production factors, advancements in agricultural technology, national food policies, and the impact of natural disasters. The results indicate the following: (1) Grain production in the 31 provinces of the country demonstrates a significant positive correlation, with a clear space centralization effect. (2) The sown area of grain, labor inputs, fertilizer usage, and the advancement of the digital economy are the primary positive factors influencing regional grain production, but the disaster-affected area has a negative impact on grain production. As a result, this study makes policy recommendations to increase food security and sustainable agricultural development by increasing the sown area of grain, optimizing fertilizer use, and improving agricultural practice digitization. Special emphasis is being placed on reviving high-quality agricultural development by hastening the integration of the digital economy into agriculture. Full article

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25 pages, 2093 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Does the Perception of Climate Change Affect Residents’ Choices of Green Assets?

by Xiujing Qi, Jiaqi Li and Yongliang Yang

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3263; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073263 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 316

Abstract

Residents’ choices of green assets typically involve investing in or selecting environmentally beneficial products. How does climate change affect these choices? This study empirically finds that residents’ perception of climate change significantly enhances their adoption of green assets. This positive effect is particularly [...] Read more.

Residents’ choices of green assets typically involve investing in or selecting environmentally beneficial products. How does climate change affect these choices? This study empirically finds that residents’ perception of climate change significantly enhances their adoption of green assets. This positive effect is particularly pronounced among women and residents who are familiar with ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) principles. Moreover, residents’ ecological values (i.e., their willingness to spend more on environmental protection) mediate all hypothesized relationships. Focusing on green assets in the context of green consumption, this study reveals patterns in residents’ green asset choices across different quantiles. Furthermore, it integrates ecological values into the research framework and provides reusable instrumental variables for future studies. Finally, tailored policy recommendations are proposed based on population heterogeneity to encourage the adoption of green assets. Full article

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20 pages, 829 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Destination Competitiveness Through the Lens of Tourist Spending: A Case Study of the Canary Islands

by Ana María Barrera-Martínez, Agustín Santana-Talavera and Eduardo Parra-López

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3262; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073262 - 7 Apr 2025

Viewed by 203

Abstract

The competitiveness of tourism destinations is a multidimensional concept encompassing natural and cultural resources, infrastructure, accessibility, and services that cater to an increasingly discerning tourism market. Business ecosystems enhance these competitive conditions by adapting to consumers seeking high-value, differentiated experiences. This study examined [...] Read more.

The competitiveness of tourism destinations is a multidimensional concept encompassing natural and cultural resources, infrastructure, accessibility, and services that cater to an increasingly discerning tourism market. Business ecosystems enhance these competitive conditions by adapting to consumers seeking high-value, differentiated experiences. This study examined the relationship between accommodation supply and tourist expenditure in the Canary Islands based on a sample of 38,071 visitors from the 2024 Tourist Expenditure Survey (EGT) of the Canary Islands Statistics Institute. Using Python and R for statistical processing, the findings revealed distinct spending patterns across accommodation types, from five-star hotels to peer-to-peer rentals, demonstrating how supply diversification influences competitiveness. The results reinforce prior research on the significance of investing in infrastructure, technology, and human capital to optimise the tourist experience. Tourist expenditure serves as an indicator of competitiveness, reflecting visitor preferences and the destination’s capacity to meet them. Accommodation choice is identified as a key determinant of spending patterns and their distribution within the local economy. This study provides an analytical basis for evaluating tourism strategies, emphasising the strategic importance of accommodation heterogeneity. It advances methodological understanding of tourist spending behaviour, offering a practical framework for destination development and strategic planning. Full article

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19 pages, 247 KiB

Open AccessArticle

National Development Planning and Sustainability: The Case of Bhutan

by Mark Turner and Dawa Wangchuk

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3261; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073261 - 6 Apr 2025

Viewed by 412

Abstract

Bhutan is a developmental success story that since the 1960s has consistently used five-year national development plans to make substantial socio-economic progress and promote sustainability. Many other developing countries had abandoned medium-term national planning by the 1980s, but Bhutan continued using these instruments [...] Read more.

Bhutan is a developmental success story that since the 1960s has consistently used five-year national development plans to make substantial socio-economic progress and promote sustainability. Many other developing countries had abandoned medium-term national planning by the 1980s, but Bhutan continued using these instruments as the principal mechanisms for developing the country and making substantial welfare gains for its population while attending to the sustainability of its development path and environment. Poverty has been greatly reduced, incomes have grown in real terms, life expectancy has markedly increased, there has been enormous growth in the provision of education and the country has become a world leader in environmental protection with 71% of Bhutan still under forest, making it the first carbon negative country in the world. The reasons for Bhutan’s success include always working within the capabilities of government, economy, and society; a demonstrated capacity to reorient development strategies with new plans; a stable political environment; good governance; the gradual inclusion of multiple stakeholders into the development process; a strong supportive relationship with neighbouring India; and the wise use of income from hydropower to fund development. Though there have been disruptions, mistakes, and failures in planning in Bhutan, the general trajectory of solid progress and continued attention to sustainability has been maintained; however, there are considerable challenges ahead for the ambitious Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (2024–2029). To investigate the Bhutanese experience, this article adopts a qualitative case study approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

22 pages, 17482 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design, Development, and Validation of Driving Simulators for Enhancing the Safety and Sustainability of Electric Microvehicles

by Zoi Christoforou, Anastasios Kallianiotis and Nadir Farhi

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3260; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073260 - 6 Apr 2025

Viewed by 364

Abstract

Micromobility vehicles, e-scooters and e–bicycles in particular, gain an increasing popularity but also receive criticism, mainly due to road safety issues and their carbon footprint, particularly in relation to their Li-ion batteries. Available field data are not sufficient to explore those issues. Important [...] Read more.

Micromobility vehicles, e-scooters and e–bicycles in particular, gain an increasing popularity but also receive criticism, mainly due to road safety issues and their carbon footprint, particularly in relation to their Li-ion batteries. Available field data are not sufficient to explore those issues. Important input variables, such as riders’ reaction time, the impact of human factors on riders’ safety, battery performance degradation with time, remain unknown. This paper presents the design, development, initial calibration and validation of two novel driving simulators, one for an e-scooter and one, for an e-bicycle. The simulators are already operational and used to acquire new knowledge on driving behavior and battery performance. By enabling a better understanding of e-vehicle performance and safety, these simulators contribute to reducing the environmental impact of micromobility by optimizing battery usage and improving vehicle design for sustainability. The paper describes the overall configuration and the main technical specifications of both simulators and provides a thorough description of all their mechanical and electromechanical components. It documents the initial calibration process before launching the experiments and presents the validation methodology with the participation of over 100 users. The outcomes of future experiments are expected to be beneficial to (i) researchers who will gain new insights on e-vehicle performance, (ii) users, enabling them to make informed decisions on vehicle choice and riding patterns, (iii) urban planners on improving urban infrastructure design, (iv) vehicle manufacturers on identifying customer needs and enhancing vehicle design for sustainability, and (v) Public Authorities on adjusting vehicle and infrastructure specifications to reduce the carbon footprint of urban mobility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)

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39 pages, 2456 KiB

Open AccessReview

Energy-Efficient Technologies and Strategies for Feasible and Sustainable Plant Factory Systems

by Hong-Seok Mun, Eddiemar Baguio Lagua, Seong-Ki Hong, Sang-Bum Ryu, Md Sharifuzzaman, Md Kamrul Hasan, Young-Hwa Kim and Chul-Ju Yang

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3259; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073259 - 6 Apr 2025

Viewed by 439

Abstract

The challenge of meeting the increasing global food demand has driven a shift toward controlled-environment agriculture, particularly in plant factories. However, the high energy consumption associated with these systems raises concerns about their long-term sustainability and economic feasibility. A comprehensive review was conducted [...] Read more.

The challenge of meeting the increasing global food demand has driven a shift toward controlled-environment agriculture, particularly in plant factories. However, the high energy consumption associated with these systems raises concerns about their long-term sustainability and economic feasibility. A comprehensive review was conducted to identify existing and potential technologies and strategies that can enhance the energy efficiency of plant factories. Data regarding environmental conditions, energy efficiency, water efficiency, and space efficiency were also extracted to facilitate comparison across studies. Findings indicate that optimizing crop yields and reducing energy consumption are key to improving the efficiency of plant factories. These can be achieved by integrating advanced environmental control technologies, energy-efficient system designs, modular plant factory configurations tailored to local climatic conditions, and effective management practices. While adopting renewable energy alone is insufficient to meet total energy demands, it significantly reduces energy costs and carbon emissions. Furthermore, strategically integrating plant factories with other industries will promote the efficient use of residual resources, fostering a circular economy and enhancing resource efficiency within plant factory systems and the broader economic framework. The insights provided in this review will contribute to developing sustainable and economically viable plant factory systems, supporting future advancements in controlled-environment agriculture. Full article

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22 pages, 1936 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Window Size Modification on Energy Consumption in UK Residential Buildings: A Feasibility and Simulation Study

by Yue Zhang, Siddig Omer and Ruichang Hu

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3258; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073258 - 6 Apr 2025

Viewed by 267

Abstract

This study investigates window renovation strategies for a detached building in Belper, UK, analyzing double- and triple-glazed, vacuum, and low-E vacuum windows with varying gas fillings, pillar radii, and spacing. The results reveal that increasing glass layers reduces energy consumption, while a larger [...] Read more.

This study investigates window renovation strategies for a detached building in Belper, UK, analyzing double- and triple-glazed, vacuum, and low-E vacuum windows with varying gas fillings, pillar radii, and spacing. The results reveal that increasing glass layers reduces energy consumption, while a larger pillar radius decreases efficiency. More pillars improve window performance. For windows with the same U-value, a higher SHGC enhances energy efficiency by maximizing solar heat gain, particularly in colder climates. Conversely, reducing the U-value while maintaining a constant SHGC enhances insulation and minimizes heat loss. The study emphasizes the necessity of balancing U-value and SHGC for optimal window performance in different climates. The most effective strategy involves using a low-E vacuum window with a 0.25 mm pillar radius and 40 mm spacing while doubling the south-facing window area, leading to a 7.01 GJ heating load reduction—a 27.9% improvement over modifying the window type alone. Additionally, a key ratio, SHGC/(U_window − U_wall), is introduced to assess window size modifications. The results indicate that enlarging windows is beneficial when solar heat gain surpasses additional heat loss, underscoring the importance of balancing heat conduction and solar energy utilization in energy-efficient building design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Architecture: Energy Efficiency in Buildings)

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7 pages, 171 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Hydrosphere Under the Driving of Human Activity and Climate Change: Status, Evolution, and Strategies

by Yong Xiao, Jianping Wang and Jinlong Zhou

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3257; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073257 - 6 Apr 2025

Viewed by 293

Abstract

The hydrosphere is a foundational component of the Earth’s systems, sustaining biological processes, regulating environmental stability, and enabling socioeconomic development [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Hydrosphere under the Driving of Human Activity and Climate Change: Status, Evolution and Strategies)

24 pages, 502 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Can ESG Performance Promote Corporate Green Transformation? Evidence from Green OFDI in China

by Xiaochong Li, Wenwen Dang and Yanxi Li

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3255; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073255 - 6 Apr 2025

Viewed by 300

Abstract

Under the pressure of the global low-carbon transition, green initiatives have gradually emerged as a critical direction for outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). In the context of China’s high-level opening up, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance can promote sustainable development of firms. [...] Read more.

Under the pressure of the global low-carbon transition, green initiatives have gradually emerged as a critical direction for outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). In the context of China’s high-level opening up, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance can promote sustainable development of firms. However, there is lack of research on the influence of ESG performance from the perspective of corporate green OFDI. This study examines the impact mechanism of ESG performance on corporate green OFDI in terms of its propensity and depth, using a sample of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2009 to 2023. The findings indicate that ESG performance promotes corporate green OFDI, a result that remains robust after a series of endogeneity and robustness tests. The internal mechanism analysis reveals that ESG performance enhances corporate green OFDI by reducing financing constraints and managerial myopia and by promoting risk-taking and foreign institutional investors’ shareholdings. The external mechanism analysis verifies that ESG institutional constraints in the home country and ESG locational advantages in host countries strengthen the positive effect of ESG performance on corporate green OFDI. Further analysis shows that ESG performance facilitates corporate green innovation development through collaborative and independent innovation by promoting corporate green OFDI. By extending the theoretical understanding of the impact of ESG performance on the process of corporate green OFDI, this study provides strategic guidance for the sustainable development of firms in China and other similar developing countries. Full article

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20 pages, 15244 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Spatial and Temporal Correlation Between Habitat Quality and Habitat Fragmentation in the West Qinling Mountains, China

by Caihong Hui, Xuelu Liu and Xiaoning Zhang

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3256; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073256 - 5 Apr 2025

Viewed by 297

Abstract

In recent decades, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction between resource development and environmental protection has become more and more prominent. Scientific simulation of the spatial and temporal correlation between habitat quality (HQ) and habitat fragmentation at a suitable scale [...] Read more.

In recent decades, with the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction between resource development and environmental protection has become more and more prominent. Scientific simulation of the spatial and temporal correlation between habitat quality (HQ) and habitat fragmentation at a suitable scale is of great significance for maintaining the stability of regional ecosystems and achieving high-quality development. This study took the West Qinling Mountains as an example, where, firstly, the appropriate grid scale was determined based on the spatial stability of HQ, and the evolution characteristics of HQ were analyzed from 2000 to 2020 based on the InVEST model and GeoDa software. Secondly, the habitat fragmentation process was simulated from three characteristic dimensions of habitat area, habitat shape, and habitat distribution. Finally, the GWR model was used to explore the correlation mechanism between habitat fragmentation and HQ. The results showed the following: (1) The 3 km grid scale was a suitable scale for HQ evaluation and analysis in the West Qinling Mountains, and the scale effect was consistent across years. (2) The degree of HQ was at a higher level, where, from 2000 to 2020, it showed a decreasing trend, with a clear phenomenon of bipolar sharpening. The spatial distribution showed a pattern of “high in the west and low in the east, low in the north and high in the south”, and exhibited obvious spatial double clustering characteristics. (3) The degree of habitat fragmentation was at a medium level, where, from 2000 to 2020, it showed a increasing trend, with a clear bipolar contraction state. The spatial distribution showed a pattern of “high in the east and low in the west, high in the north and low in the south”, and the overall spatial distribution was retained with the change in time scale. (4) The effects of habitat fragmentation on HQ showed significant spatial and temporal non-stationary with a non-linear negative correlation. From 2000 to 2020, the degree of negative effect gradually increased, and the staggered distribution of forest, unused land, and water might offset the negative impact of unused land on HQ. The results could provide scientific evidence for the optimization of ecological patterns and ecological prevention and control in the West Qinling Mountains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Resources and Sustainable Utilization)

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32 pages, 2267 KiB

Open AccessReview

Smart Intersections and Connected Autonomous Vehicles for Sustainable Smart Cities: A Brief Review

by Masoud Khanmohamadi and Marco Guerrieri

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3254; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073254 - 5 Apr 2025

Viewed by 425

Abstract

As the importance of safety, efficiency, and sustainability in urban transportation becomes more apparent, intelligent transportation systems are changing and growing. Smart intersections play a crucial role in different parts of this context. Technologies such as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, artificial intelligence, multi-sensor data [...] Read more.

As the importance of safety, efficiency, and sustainability in urban transportation becomes more apparent, intelligent transportation systems are changing and growing. Smart intersections play a crucial role in different parts of this context. Technologies such as Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, artificial intelligence, multi-sensor data fusion, and more are incorporated into these intersections to improve capacity and safety and reduce damage to the environment. This literature review aims to merge various recent works on advancing smart intersection technologies, their thematic application, methodological approach, and regional implementations. Highlighting adaptive traffic signal control, real-time data processing, and connected autonomous vehicle (CAV) integrations sheds light on the way the effectiveness of transportation in cities can be improved. At the same time, this study tackles questions of cybersecurity and standardization. This review provides insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners who aim to improve transportation systems’ sustainability, fairness, and operability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)

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19 pages, 470 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of the Korean Media in Shaping Sustainable Tourism Among American Audiences

by Hyung-Min Choi and Daniel Kessler

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3253; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073253 - 5 Apr 2025

Viewed by 426

Abstract

The global popularity of South Korean dramas (K-dramas), central to the “Korean Wave”, has significantly influenced international perceptions of Korea and its tourism appeal. This study examines the impact of K-drama consumption on American audiences’ intentions to visit South Korea, with a focus [...] Read more.

The global popularity of South Korean dramas (K-dramas), central to the “Korean Wave”, has significantly influenced international perceptions of Korea and its tourism appeal. This study examines the impact of K-drama consumption on American audiences’ intentions to visit South Korea, with a focus on the sustainability messaging embedded within the media. Integrating the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and uses and gratifications theory (UGT), this research explores how cultural perceptions and the engagement with Korean culture shape sustainable tourism attitudes and travel intentions. A survey of 554 U.S.-based participants reveals that positive cultural perceptions foster engagement, which mediates the relationship with sustainable attitudes and intentions to visit Korea. Furthermore, sustainability messaging in K-dramas enhances the connection between cultural engagement and eco-conscious travel behaviors. The findings highlight the influential role of the media in shaping sustainable tourism and offer strategic insights for leveraging K-dramas in tourism marketing. While K-dramas may not fulfill a direct diplomatic function, they contribute to Korea’s soft power by enhancing cultural exposure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Hospitality and Tourism Strategies: Aligning Stakeholder Behavior Towards Wellness in Protected Natural Sites)

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18 pages, 1456 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Long-Term Multi-Treatment Experiments on Organic Matter and Enzymatic Activity in Sandy Soil

by Krystyna Kondratowicz-Maciejewska, Joanna Lemanowicz and Iwona Jaskulska

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3252; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073252 - 5 Apr 2025

Viewed by 266

Abstract

This study shows an evaluation of the condition of organic matter against enzymatic activity in soil. Long-term static field experiments with fertilisation with manure (FYM), different minerals, and mineral–manure were used for the research. Assays were obtained of the content of total organic [...] Read more.

This study shows an evaluation of the condition of organic matter against enzymatic activity in soil. Long-term static field experiments with fertilisation with manure (FYM), different minerals, and mineral–manure were used for the research. Assays were obtained of the content of total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved fraction (DOC), susceptibility to oxidation (CL1) and (CL), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved nitrogen fraction (DTNT), and available forms of potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium. The activity of enzymes dehydrogenases, catalase, β-glucosidase, proteases, alkaline, and acid phosphatase was determined. We calculated the enzymatic indices and those evaluating the labile organic carbon management (CMI and CPI) in soil. An increase in TOC, up to 8.85 g kg⁻¹ and 8.56 g kg⁻¹ (FYM, FYM + KN), respectively, as compared with the control (5.67 g kg⁻¹), did not have a significant effect on the content of labile carbon fraction CL for the fertilisation treatments. Only a higher CL content was found in the soil with the FYM + PN and FYM + NPK + Mg treatments (2.07 g kg⁻¹ and 2.05 g kg⁻¹). All the fertilisation treatments under study demonstrated a decrease in the value of the carbon management index (CMI). Similar DOC values (on average, 75.14 mg kg⁻¹) were noted. The average percentage share of the DOC fraction accounted for 1.163% TOC, and it was lower as compared with the control variant (1.33% TOC). The mineral fertilisation treatments decreased soil enzyme activities. Multiparametric enzymatic soil fertility indices differed due to soil properties, depending on the fertilisation applied. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil Quality and Innovation in Agriculture: Dynamics, Indicators, and Sustainability)

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32 pages, 13159 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Can China’s Carbon Emissions Trading Pilot Improve New Quality Productivity?

by Min Lu, Xuehan Zhou, Xiaosa Ren and Xing Wang

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3251; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073251 - 5 Apr 2025

Viewed by 332

Abstract

Our research investigated whether the carbon emissions trading pilot policy (CET), while mitigating environmental pollution externalities and fostering green economic and social transformation, can also enhance China’s new quality productivity (NQP) as a key driver of economic growth. This study addresses a research [...] Read more.

Our research investigated whether the carbon emissions trading pilot policy (CET), while mitigating environmental pollution externalities and fostering green economic and social transformation, can also enhance China’s new quality productivity (NQP) as a key driver of economic growth. This study addresses a research gap by examining the CET from an integrated perspective of economic development and environmental protection. We have developed an NQP evaluation indicator system based on three productivity factors, revealing that the CET can elevate NQP levels in pilot provinces through the advancement of green finance (GF) and industrial structure upgrading (ISU). Furthermore, we analyzed the relationship between the CET and NQP from the perspective of low-carbon energy consumption (LCEC), demonstrating that the level of LCEC can reinforce the CET’s positive impact on NQP and moderate the path before and after the mediating process. Our findings offer valuable insights into leveraging market-based environmental regulation tools to support NQP development, thereby facilitating its cultivation and enhancement. Full article

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16 pages, 1524 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Factors Influencing Grain Supply Chain Resilience in China Using Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling

by Jiaqian Yao, Rizhao Gong, Hui Long and Xiangling Liu

Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3250; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073250 - 5 Apr 2025

Viewed by 252

Abstract

As worldwide emergencies occur with growing frequency, including extreme weather, geopolitical conflicts, and pandemics, there is a crucial need to improve grain supply chain resilience to ensure food sustainability during such emergencies. This study investigates the cross-cutting effects of certain key factors potentially [...] Read more.

As worldwide emergencies occur with growing frequency, including extreme weather, geopolitical conflicts, and pandemics, there is a crucial need to improve grain supply chain resilience to ensure food sustainability during such emergencies. This study investigates the cross-cutting effects of certain key factors potentially influencing grain supply chain resilience, namely infrastructure development, technological innovations, and government aid. It develops a structural equation model of these influencing factors based on Chinese data and applies Bayesian estimation. The results show that government aid is the most critical factor influencing the resilience of the grain supply chain, with a direct impact on grain supply chain resilience of 0.459, an indirect impact through technological innovations of 0.33, and an indirect impact through infrastructure development of 0.026. The study found that the resilience of China’s grain supply chain generally exhibits an upward trend, with a high level of government aid and deficiencies in infrastructure and technological innovation. This paper not only provides new research ideas and methods for the study of grain supply chain resilience, but it also offers policy references for reducing the risk of grain supply deficiencies and improving the sustainability of grain systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)

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