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Technology for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 9976

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Suryadi Ismadji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Surabaya 60114, Indonesia
Interests: wastewater treatment; adsorption; activated carbon; clay minerals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water pollution caused by the uncontrolled disposal of various kinds of harmful pollutants in water is a severe problem that we are facing today. Wide varieties of pollutants, including heavy metals, pesticides, organic solvents, biocide compounds, etc., are discharged every day, and their concentration has been elevating in natural water bodies. Many of these pollutants are resistant to biological degradation and as a result they affect the ecological balance and threaten human health due to bioaccumulation in the food chain. Therefore, it is essential to treat water before its usage or wastewater before discharging it into the water body.

Various methods for removing hazardous substances from water and wastewater are currently available; these include low-cost technologies or advanced wastewater treatment processes. Some methods give high removal efficiency for high concentrations of pollutants, while others have good performance at low to medium concentrations. With the development of technology, wastewater treatment processes are also increasingly advancing towards environmentally friendly and sustainable technologies. This Special Issue addresses the challenges of sustainable and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment and collects and disseminates innovative concepts and results in sustainable wastewater treatment.

This Special Issue will cover a wide range of wastewater (municipal, agricultural, industrial) treatment technologies, such as:

  • Advanced oxidation processes.
  • Biological wastewater treatment.
  • Nanomaterials for environmental application.
  • Physico-chemical processes (adsorption, biosorption, membrane separation, ion exchange, etc.).

Prof. Dr. Suryadi Ismadji
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water pollution
  • wastewater treatment
  • nanomaterials
  • adsorption
  • advanced oxidation
  • membrane separation
  • biosorption
  • biological treatment

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 2166 KiB  
Article
Laccase-Oriented Immobilization Using Concanavalin A as an Approach for Efficient Glycoproteins Immobilization and Its Application to the Removal of Aqueous Phenolics
by Abdelmageed M. Othman, Angeles Sanroman and Diego Moldes
Sustainability 2022, 14(20), 13306; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013306 - 16 Oct 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1718
Abstract
An expanding number of human activities are contributing to the rising levels of aromatic compounds, which pose a major threat to the ecosystem. However, readily available microbial enzymes might be used to remediate contaminated wastewater in an economical and environmentally benign manner. In [...] Read more.
An expanding number of human activities are contributing to the rising levels of aromatic compounds, which pose a major threat to the ecosystem. However, readily available microbial enzymes might be used to remediate contaminated wastewater in an economical and environmentally benign manner. In this study, an efficient method of laccase-oriented immobilization on modified Immobead 150P was proposed. The oriented immobilization technique using aminated laccase exceeds in both protein loading onto the carrier (4.26 mg/g) and immobilization yield (93.57%) due to the availability of more active sites. The oriented aminated laccase preserves 100% and 95% of its original activity after six and ten cycles of operation, respectively. The thermal stability performance of the oriented enzyme was the best among both free and random immobilized forms, since it was able to conserve 79% and 44% of its initial activity after 6 h at 50 °C and 60 °C, respectively. The ideal pH of oriented immobilized laccase was altered from 3.0 to 4.0, and it was more stable than both free and random immobilized laccases at pH 7.0. Finally, the integration of the adsorption capacity of Immobead 150P and the biodegradation ability of laccase promises the efficient removal of aqueous phenolics. Oriented immobilized laccase may provide a significant new approach for wastewater treatment, according to these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment)
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15 pages, 3645 KiB  
Article
Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Citrus hystrix Peels Extract for Methylene Blue Adsorption
by Veronika Priliana, Clarissa Sucitro, Ronald Wijaya, Valentino Bervia Lunardi, Shella Permatasari Santoso, Maria Yuliana, Chintya Gunarto, Artik Elisa Angkawijaya and Wenny Irawaty
Sustainability 2022, 14(19), 12172; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912172 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1551
Abstract
Kaffir lime peels extract was used as an agent for the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via a simple room temperature-dispersion process. The GO obtained from the Hummers process is dispersed in polyphenols rich extract at a varied [...] Read more.
Kaffir lime peels extract was used as an agent for the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) via a simple room temperature-dispersion process. The GO obtained from the Hummers process is dispersed in polyphenols rich extract at a varied GO-to-extract ratio of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. The formation of rGO was confirmed through SEM, FTIR, XPS, XRD, and N2 sorption characterization. The restoration of C=C group and the reduction of several oxygen-containing groups confirmed the successful formation of rGO from GO. The resultant rGOs were used in the adsorption system for methylene blue uptake. The results indicated that the rGOs prepared at a GO-to-extract ratio of 1:2 had the highest adsorption capacity than rGO at other ratios. The XPS spectrum analysis of rGO 1:2 showed a higher C-C/C-O ratio than the other rGOs, indicating a higher number of adsorption sites which aid in improving the adsorption performance. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies were conducted to gain insight into the mechanism and rate of methylene blue uptake by the rGOs. The adsorption isotherm systems were consistent with Langmuir isotherm model with the highest adsorption capacity of 118 mg g–1 by rGO 1:2. The kinetic adsorption data are well represented by the pseudo-second order model, the adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 400 min with the overall uptake rate of 0.3 mg g–1 min–1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment)
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24 pages, 9292 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Fe-Based MOFs Composite as an Adsorptive Photocatalyst with Enhanced Photo-Fenton Degradation under LED Light Irradiation
by Patrick Armando, Valentino Bervia Lunardi, Felycia Edi Soetaredjo, Jindrayani Nyoo Putro, Shella Permatasari Santoso, Christian Julius Wijaya, Jenni Lie, Wenny Irawaty, Maria Yuliana, Hardy Shuwanto, Hairus Abdullah, I Gede Wenten and Suryadi Ismadji
Sustainability 2022, 14(17), 10685; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710685 - 27 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1819
Abstract
In this study, a novel MIL-100(Fe)@TiO2 composite was synthesized and used as the adsorbent to remove Rhodamine B from synthetic wastewater through adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. The composite was synthesized successfully using solvothermal methods. MIL-100(Fe)@TiO2 composite has excellent adsorption and photodegradation [...] Read more.
In this study, a novel MIL-100(Fe)@TiO2 composite was synthesized and used as the adsorbent to remove Rhodamine B from synthetic wastewater through adsorption and photocatalytic degradation. The composite was synthesized successfully using solvothermal methods. MIL-100(Fe)@TiO2 composite has excellent adsorption and photodegradation capability for Rhodamine B removal. The reusability of the materials was observed, with the conclusion that the material still had good adsorption and photocatalytic performance after five cycles of consecutive experiments. The adsorption isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of the removal of Rhodamine B were also conducted. The Langmuir model represented the adsorption equilibrium data better than other models. The kinetics of adsorption of Rhodamine B was presented well by pseudo-first-order. The thermodynamic study verified that the physisorption mechanism was more dominant than chemisorption. The addition of Fenton was also proven to be successful in increasing the photocatalytic abilities of the synthesized materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment)
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24 pages, 4810 KiB  
Article
Efficient Nitrate Adsorption from Groundwater by Biochar-Supported Al-Substituted Goethite
by Li Wang, Siyuan Liu, Wendi Xuan, Shaopeng Li and Anlei Wei
Sustainability 2022, 14(13), 7824; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14137824 - 27 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2256
Abstract
Groundwater nitrate contamination is challenging and requires efficient solutions for nitrate removal. This study aims to investigate nitrate removal using a novel adsorbent, biochar-supported aluminum-substituted goethite (BAG). The results showed that an increase in the initial Al/(Al + Fe) atomic ratio for BAGs [...] Read more.
Groundwater nitrate contamination is challenging and requires efficient solutions for nitrate removal. This study aims to investigate nitrate removal using a novel adsorbent, biochar-supported aluminum-substituted goethite (BAG). The results showed that an increase in the initial Al/(Al + Fe) atomic ratio for BAGs from 0 to 20% decreased the specific surface area from 115.2 to 75.7 m2/g, but enhanced the surface charge density from 0.0180 to 0.0843 C/m2. By comparison, 10% of Al/(Al + Fe) led to the optimal adsorbent for nitrate removal. The adsorbent’s adsorption capacity was effective with a wide pH range (4–8), and decreased with increasing ionic strength. The descending order of nitrate adsorption inhibition by co-existing anions was SO42−, HCO3−, PO43−, and Cl−. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms agreed well with the pseudo-first-order equation and Langmuir model, respectively. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity was 96.1469 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the nitrate adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. After 10-cycle regeneration, the BAG still kept 92.6% of its original adsorption capacity for synthetic nitrate-contaminated groundwater. Moreover, the main adsorption mechanism was attributed to electrostatic attraction due to the enhancement of surface charge density by Al substitution. Accordingly, the BAG adsorbent is a potential solution to remove nitrate from groundwater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment)
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19 pages, 52247 KiB  
Article
Improving the Performance of the Reverse Osmosis Process with Fiber Filter and Ultrafiltration: Promoting Municipal Sewage Reclamation and Reuse for Industrial Processes
by Shih-Shuo Chan and Jung-Hua Wu
Sustainability 2022, 14(9), 5443; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095443 - 30 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2033
Abstract
Wastewater reuse presents a promising solution to the growing need for the sustainable use of available water resources. The reclamation of municipal sewage through reverse osmosis can be applied for diverse uses to alleviate chronic water scarcity. In this study, a pilot plant [...] Read more.
Wastewater reuse presents a promising solution to the growing need for the sustainable use of available water resources. The reclamation of municipal sewage through reverse osmosis can be applied for diverse uses to alleviate chronic water scarcity. In this study, a pilot plant was fabricated to measure the efficiency and the costs that are associated with pretreatment by the fiber filtration and ultrafiltration of secondary effluent from a water resource recovery facility in Taiwan. The results of this dual-membrane process meet the quantity and quality standards for industrial reuse. The pretreatment produced feedwater with a silt density index (SDI15) lower than 4.1, and with average turbidity removal rates of 42.7% (fiber filtration) and 99.2% (ultrafiltration). Following reverse osmosis, a 97.9% rejection of the electrolyte conductivity was achieved in the reclaimed water. The fouling of the membranes was controlled through the application of intensive backwash, chemically enhanced backflushing, and cleaning in place. The proposed system improves the feasibility, reliability, and economy of the dual-membrane process as a tertiary treatment for safe water reuse, and it thereby demonstrates that this technology has reached maturity for the full-scale implementation of sustainable water reuse. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Technology for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment)
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