Sustainability

15 pages, 699 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Moving beyond the Framing Impasse in the Aral Sea Delta: Vernacular Knowledge of Salinization and Its Potential for Social Learning towards Sustainability

by Jeanne Féaux de la Croix and Aibek Samakov

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8605; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198605 (registering DOI) - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

The Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that close to 9% of the world’s soils are affected by salinity. The purpose of this article is to discuss qualitative social science findings on alternative ways of conceptualizing salinization in Kazakhstan and how these findings could [...] Read more.

The Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that close to 9% of the world’s soils are affected by salinity. The purpose of this article is to discuss qualitative social science findings on alternative ways of conceptualizing salinization in Kazakhstan and how these findings could be leveraged for transformative knowledge towards sustainability. We highlight dimensions of land degradation that are doubly obscured: the under-represented issue of salinization, and vernacular knowledge on salinization. The article draws on qualitative data collection methods, including eighteen months of participant observation, workshop transcripts and archival records. Three research findings are presented. First, there is an analysis of the framing of environmental issues common among policymakers in the region. Second, these frameworks are contrasted with novel data on how local farming communities understand and deal with salinization. These two research results enable extrapolating a third finding: how such locally based knowledge could be harnessed towards solving salinization issues. Beyond the specific issue of salinization, the results of this research suggest potentially valuable design principles relating to specific ways that the environmental knowledge of expert farmers and scientific experts could be paired. In the case of Central Asia, models based on the local culture can be adapted, such as hosting and apprenticeship relationships. This example suggests transferable lessons on how to forge social learning towards sustainability that start from imperfect local tools (bottom-up) rather than from internationally promoted but socially distant blueprints (top-down). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Environment and Communication)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 916 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unconventional Ingredients from the Industrial Oilseed By-Products in Dairy Goat Feeding: Effects on the Nutritional Quality of Milk and on Human Health

by Marta Tristan Asensi, Giuditta Pagliai, Antonia Napoletano, Sofia Lotti, Monica Dinu, Federica Mannelli, Guido Invernizzi, Francesco Sofi, Barbara Colombini and Arianna Buccioni

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8604; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198604 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

Oilseed by-products (Cynara cardunculus and Camelina sativa) (CCCS) are rich in bioactive compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the health effects of consuming yogurt made from goat milk fed with CCCS industrial residues in adults. In this randomized, crossover clinical trial, [...] Read more.

Oilseed by-products (Cynara cardunculus and Camelina sativa) (CCCS) are rich in bioactive compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the health effects of consuming yogurt made from goat milk fed with CCCS industrial residues in adults. In this randomized, crossover clinical trial, 20 healthy adults (14F; 37.7 ± 14.2 years) consumed either yogurt made from goat milk fed with CCCS or regular goat yogurt (C) daily for 1 month in each phase. Anthropometric parameters and blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of each phase. CCCS yogurt consumption resulted in a significant fat mass reduction (−1.8% and −1.1 kg) and fat-free mass increase (+1.5% and +0.9 kg). Regarding blood parameters, a non-significant decrease in triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol was observed, particularly after the CCCS intervention. Moreover, creatinine levels exhibited an opposite trend (p = 0.023) after CCCS, decreasing in subjects aged ≤30 years (−0.03 mg/dL) and increasing in older subjects (+0.05 mg/dL). Regarding inflammatory parameters, a non-significant trend in increased IL-1ra levels was observed especially after CCCS yogurt consumption compared to the C yogurt (+56.9 vs. +19.1 pg/mL, respectively). The use of unconventional feed derived from oilseed by-products for dairy goat feeding may have potential possible beneficial effects on human health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Food)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 11216 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Climate and Land Use Change Pressures on Food Production in Social-Ecological Systems: Perceptions from Farmers in Village Tank Cascade Systems of Sri Lanka

by Sujith S. Ratnayake, Michael Reid, Nicolette Larder, Danny Hunter, Md Kamrul Hasan, Punchi B. Dharmasena, Benjamin Kogo, Malalasiri Senavirathna and Champika S. Kariyawasam

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8603; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198603 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

Climate and land use change pressures are critical to food production in Social-Ecological Systems (SESs). This study assessed farmers’ perceptions of the pressures of climate and land use changes alongside their impacts on food production in Mhahakanumulla Village Tank Cascade System (MVTCS), a [...] Read more.

Climate and land use change pressures are critical to food production in Social-Ecological Systems (SESs). This study assessed farmers’ perceptions of the pressures of climate and land use changes alongside their impacts on food production in Mhahakanumulla Village Tank Cascade System (MVTCS), a SES maintained by traditional agricultural land use systems in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. This study used both rating and ranking scale questions to quantify farmers’ perceptions. The tobit regression model was employed to evaluate how farmer perception was influenced by socio-economic factors. The results showed that most of the farmers had experienced that the climate of the MVTCS area had changed over time, and they perceived variability of rainfall patterns as the most prominent and influential climate change. The increased cost of production, wildlife damage, and land degradation were ranked by the farmers as the most impactful factors of food production due to climate change. The farmers rated deforestation and land clearing as the most influential and impactful changes in land use, while wildlife damage and land degradation ranked as the highest impacts on food production due to land use changes. Among the socio-economic determinants, training and income/profit positively influenced farmer perceptions of the severity of both climate and land use change. The level of farmer’s adaptation to climate change had a negative association with their perception of the severity of climate change. Household size negatively influenced the perceptions of the severity of climate change while positively influencing perceptions of land use change impacts. Among the spatial determinants, farm size and downstream locations of MVTCS positively influenced perceptions of the severity of both climate and land use change. Thus, the effectiveness of adaptation strategies towards climate and land use change pressures depends on how well they are understood by the farmers. The study findings provide helpful insights for formulating localized land use policies and climate change adaptation strategies in these globally important landscapes with a combination of both top-down and bottom-up approaches. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3128 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Renewable Energy Credits Transforming Market Dynamics

by Bankole I. Oladapo, Mattew A. Olawumi and Francis T. Omigbodun

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8602; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198602 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

This research uses advanced statistical methods to examine climate change mitigation policies’ economic and environmental impacts. The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of carbon pricing, renewable energy subsidies, emission trading schemes, and regulatory standards in reducing CO₂ emissions, fostering economic [...] Read more.

This research uses advanced statistical methods to examine climate change mitigation policies’ economic and environmental impacts. The primary objective is to assess the effectiveness of carbon pricing, renewable energy subsidies, emission trading schemes, and regulatory standards in reducing CO₂ emissions, fostering economic growth, and promoting employment. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining regression analysis, cost–benefit analysis (CBA), and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. Data were collected from national and global databases, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to ensure the robustness of the findings. Key findings revealed a statistically significant reduction in CO₂ emissions by 0.45% for each unit increase in carbon pricing (p < 0.01). Renewable energy subsidies were positively correlated with a 3.5% increase in employment in the green sector (p < 0.05). Emission trading schemes were projected to increase GDP by 1.2% over a decade (p < 0.05). However, chi-square tests indicated that carbon pricing disproportionately affects low-income households (p < 0.05), highlighting the need for compensatory policies. The study concluded that a balanced policy mix, tailored to national contexts, can optimise economic and environmental outcomes while addressing social equity concerns. Error margins in GDP projections remained below ±0.3%, confirming the models’ reliability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Economics and Ecological Transformations from a Sustainability Perspective)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

29 pages, 9277 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sustainability of Gulf of Mexico Coastal Estuaries and Lagoons: Interactions with Hydrocarbon Production—A Review with a Look to the Future

by John W. Day, Evelia Rivera-Arriaga, Angelina del Carmen Peña-Puch and Rachael G. Hunter

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8601; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198601 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

Here, we review the functioning and importance of deltaic coastal systems in the northern and southern Gulf of Mexico and how petroleum activities have impacted these two important systems. The Mississippi and Usumacinta-Grijalva Deltas are areas of high biological productivity and biodiversity that [...] Read more.

Here, we review the functioning and importance of deltaic coastal systems in the northern and southern Gulf of Mexico and how petroleum activities have impacted these two important systems. The Mississippi and Usumacinta-Grijalva Deltas are areas of high biological productivity and biodiversity that support the two largest fisheries in the Gulf. The north central Gulf receives inflow from the Mississippi river, the largest discharge in North America. The Mississippi Delta covers about 10,000 km². The Usumacinta-Grijalva River is the second highest freshwater input to the Gulf and discharges to the Usumacinta-Grijalva/Laguna de Terminos deltaic complex. These two areas are the largest petroleum producing regions in the Gulf, involving both inshore and offshore production. Petroleum activities impact coastal ecosystems in two important ways. In inshore areas dominated by coastal wetlands, there has been enormous physical disruption of the natural environment that affected hydrology and system functioning. In both inshore and offshore areas, spilled oil and release of high salinity produced water has led to widespread toxic pollution. Documentation of petroleum activity impacts on coastal marine ecosystems is much more advanced in the Mississippi Delta. Here, we describe how petroleum production impacts coastal ecosystems and discuss how restoration and management can restore the functioning of impacted coastal ecosystems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Coastal and Estuary Management)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 929 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Farmers Preferentially Allocate More Land to Cultivation of Conventional White Maize Compared to Weevil-Resistant Biofortified Orange Maize

by Smith G. Nkhata, Finason Watson, Monica Chimbaza, Sydney Namaumbo, Kondwani Kammwamba, Gift Chisapo, Theresa Nakoma Ngoma, Madalitso Chilembo and Limbikani Matumba

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8600; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198600 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

The successful translation of biofortified orange maize (BOM) to a staple household food is dependent on farmers’ ability to cultivate and subsequently utilize it. In this study, we assessed farmers’ allocation of their land to the cultivation of BOM and conventional white maize [...] Read more.

The successful translation of biofortified orange maize (BOM) to a staple household food is dependent on farmers’ ability to cultivate and subsequently utilize it. In this study, we assessed farmers’ allocation of their land to the cultivation of BOM and conventional white maize (CWM) varieties in districts where the AFIKEPO Nutrition Program is implemented in Malawi. The results showed that farmers were skeptical of allocating more land to the cultivation of BOM. CWM was allocated significantly more land (1.75 ± 0.51 acres) than BOM (1.12 ± 0.32 acres) (p < 0.001) in all districts. More farmers (87.9%) allocated less than 1 acre to BOM cultivation. The cost of seeds did not explain the preference for CWM, as the price of seeds in Malawi Kwacha was similar for both maize types (p = 0.742). Consequently, the average number of bags (50 kg maize grains/bag) harvested was significantly lower (mean: 6.48 ± 8.27 bags; median: 4 bags) for BOM than for CWM (mean: 23.11 ± 20.54 bags; median: 17 bags). Interestingly, BOM was found to be more resistant to weevils during post-harvest storage, suggesting the potential for improved food and nutrition security for households. The knowledge of high grain resistance to weevils did not influence farmers to cultivate more BOM. This has the potential to negatively affect maize biofortification as an effective strategy to alleviate vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in developing countries. Farmers should be sensitized to identify the benefits of BOM so that they are willing to purchase seeds and grow BOM on a larger scale. Coupled with its higher resistance to storage weevils, superior taste, and nutrient content, the continued cultivation and consumption of BOM has the potential to contribute to the achievement of both food and nutrition security within communities. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2042 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost Analysis of Bonded Nd-Fe-B Magnets: Virgin Production versus Recycling

by Yaxuan Yang, Min Liu, Peihong Zhu, Ke Gao, Yueheng Xuan, Qingmei Lu, Yue Ding, Baoguo Zhang and Ming Yue

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8599; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198599 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

Conducting a comprehensive analysis of life cycle assessment and life cycle cost is critical for quantifying environmental impacts and estimating production costs associated with new production methods. Therefore, the life cycle assessment and life cycle cost of 1 kg bonded Nd-Fe-B magnetic powder [...] Read more.

Conducting a comprehensive analysis of life cycle assessment and life cycle cost is critical for quantifying environmental impacts and estimating production costs associated with new production methods. Therefore, the life cycle assessment and life cycle cost of 1 kg bonded Nd-Fe-B magnetic powder produced by different production methods from “cradle to gate” are studied in this study. The results indicate that recycling is more advantageous than direct production in both environmental and economic terms. Specifically, the endpoint impact categories for 1 kg of bonded Nd-Fe-B powder produced by various methods reveal that recycling and regeneration reduce the environmental impact by 42%, 41%, and 42% compared to direct production in the categories of Human Health, Ecosystem Diversity, and Resource Availability, respectively. Additionally, in terms of life cycle cost, recycling yields savings of 47% and 32% compared to direct production in the internal and external life cycle cost, respectively. The results demonstrate that the environmentally friendly and cost-reducing method of recycling and regeneration points out a pathway for transforming the industrial structure of bonded Nd-Fe-B magnetic powder. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

28 pages, 1550 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Soil Properties Classification in Sustainable Agriculture Using Genetic Algorithm-Optimized and Deep Neural Networks

by Yadviga Tynchenko, Vadim Tynchenko, Vladislav Kukartsev, Tatyana Panfilova, Oksana Kukartseva, Ksenia Degtyareva, Van Nguyen and Ivan Malashin

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8598; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198598 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

Optimization of land management and agricultural practices require precise classification of soil properties. This study presents a method to fine-tune deep neural network (DNN) hyperparameters for multiclass classification of soil properties using genetic algorithms (GAs) with knowledge-based generation of hyperparameters. The focus is [...] Read more.

Optimization of land management and agricultural practices require precise classification of soil properties. This study presents a method to fine-tune deep neural network (DNN) hyperparameters for multiclass classification of soil properties using genetic algorithms (GAs) with knowledge-based generation of hyperparameters. The focus is on classifying soil attributes, including nutrient availability (0.78 ± 0.11), nutrient retention capacity (0.86 ± 0.05), rooting conditions (0.85 ± 0.07), oxygen availability to roots (0.84 ± 0.05), excess salts (0.96 ± 0.02), toxicity (0.96 ± 0.01), and soil workability (0.84 ± 0.09), with these accuracies representing the results from classification with variations from cross-validation. A dataset from the USA, which includes land-use distribution, aspect distribution, slope distribution, and climate data for each plot, is utilized. A GA is applied to explore a wide range of hyperparameters, such as the number of layers, neurons per layer, activation functions, optimizers, learning rates, and loss functions. Additionally, ensemble methods such as random forest and gradient boosting machines were employed, demonstrating comparable accuracy to the DNN approach. This research contributes to the advancement of precision agriculture by providing a robust machine learning (ML) framework for accurate soil property classification. By enabling more informed and efficient land management decisions, it promotes sustainable agricultural practices that optimize resource use and enhance soil health for long-term ecological balance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Precision Agriculture Techniques for Sustainable Water and Soil Management)

21 pages, 4352 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Autonomous Driving Safety: A Robust Stacking Ensemble Model for Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition

by Yichen Wang, Jie Wang and Qianjin Wang

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8597; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198597 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

Accurate detection and classification of traffic signs play a vital role in ensuring driver safety and supporting advancements in autonomous driving technology. This paper introduces a novel approach for traffic sign detection and recognition by integrating the Faster RCNN and YOLOX-Tiny models using [...] Read more.

Accurate detection and classification of traffic signs play a vital role in ensuring driver safety and supporting advancements in autonomous driving technology. This paper introduces a novel approach for traffic sign detection and recognition by integrating the Faster RCNN and YOLOX-Tiny models using a stacking ensemble technique. The innovative ensemble methodology creatively merges the strengths of both models, surpassing the limitations of individual algorithms and achieving superior performance in challenging real-world scenarios. The proposed model was evaluated on the CCTSDB dataset and the MTSD dataset, demonstrating competitive performance compared to traditional algorithms. All experiments were conducted using Python 3.8 on the same system equipped with an NVIDIA GTX 3060 12G graphics card. Our results show improved accuracy and efficiency in recognizing traffic signs in various real-world scenarios, including distant, close, complex, moderate, and simple settings, achieving a 4.78% increase in mean Average Precision (mAP) compared to Faster RCNN and improving Frames Per Second (FPS) by 8.1% and mAP by 6.18% compared to YOLOX-Tiny. Moreover, the proposed model exhibited notable precision in challenging scenarios such as ultra-long-distance detections, shadow occlusions, motion blur, and complex environments with diverse sign categories. These findings not only showcase the model’s robustness but also serve as a cornerstone in propelling the evolution of autonomous driving technology and sustainable development of future transportation. The results presented in this paper could potentially be integrated into advanced driver-assistance systems and autonomous vehicles, offering a significant step forward in enhancing road safety and traffic management. Full article

13 pages, 764 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) Waste By-Product Characterization as a Potential Functional Ingredient

by Janira Romero, Alexandra Díez Méndez, María José Castro-Alija, Jorge Poveda and Irene Albertos

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8596; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198596 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

Currently, the production of waste in the food industry is increasing, which is a serious problem. However, most of these residues, especially those derived from fruits and vegetables, have great unknown properties that are not used. The main objective of this article is [...] Read more.

Currently, the production of waste in the food industry is increasing, which is a serious problem. However, most of these residues, especially those derived from fruits and vegetables, have great unknown properties that are not used. The main objective of this article is the analysis and characterization of the waste from quince after its processing to observe its properties and its potential use in different industries as a functional ingredient, thus favoring the circular economy and sustainability. Quince by-product nutritional parameters such as proteins, fibers, sugars, vitamins, and minerals were analyzed. Also, the antioxidant capacity was measured by various methods: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), antioxidant capacity in Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC/ABTS), and total polyphenol content (TPC). Finally, the antimicrobial capacity against different postharvest-pathogenic fungi was measured in direct sample and extract. The nutritional results showed a nutritional profile rich in soluble and insoluble fiber, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, and low in fat. The antioxidant results from the extract showed significant levels of phenols and higher antioxidant capacity from the extracted sample. No positive results were found in the antimicrobial capacity study. Quince by-products could be a potential ingredient in the industry due to their nutritional composition and antioxidant content. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Science and Engineering for Sustainability)

33 pages, 3115 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Polymerized Sulfur Concrete for Underground Hydrogen Storage in Lined Rock Caverns

by Abdel-Mohsen O. Mohamed and Maisa El Gamal

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8595; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198595 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a viable solution to meet the growing global energy demand, making large-scale hydrogen storage essential for successfully realizing a full-scale hydrogen economy. Geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, salt caverns, and aquifers, have been identified [...] Read more.

Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a viable solution to meet the growing global energy demand, making large-scale hydrogen storage essential for successfully realizing a full-scale hydrogen economy. Geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, salt caverns, and aquifers, have been identified as potential storage options. Additionally, unconventional methods like manufactured lined rock caverns and abandoned coal mines are gaining interest. This study introduces polymerized sulfur concrete (PSC) as a promising alternative to replace the current construction systems, which rely on Portland cement concrete and lining materials like stainless steel or polypropylene plastic liners. The paper presents the formulation of PSC, optimization of its compositional design, and evaluation of its physico-mechanical-chemical properties. The results demonstrate that PSC offers excellent mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and low permeability, making it highly suitable for underground hydrogen storage in lined rock caverns. The results showed that the manufactured PSC exhibits excellent physicochemical properties in terms of compressive strength (35–58 MPa), density (2.277–2.488 g/cm³), setting time (30–60 min), curing time (24 h), air content (4–8%), moisture absorption potential (0.17–0.3%), maximum volumetric shrinkage (1.69–2.0%), and maximum service temperature (85–90 °C). Moreover, the PSC is nonconductive and classified with zero flame spread classification and fuel contribution. In addition, the SPC was found to be durable in harsh environmental conditions involving pressure, humidity, and pH variations. It is also capable of resisting corrosive environments. In addition, the statistical modeling indicates that an overall mixture proportion of 32.5 wt.% polymerized sulfur, 32.5 wt.% dune sands, 17.5 wt. % LFS, and 17.5 wt.% GGBFS appear optimal for density values ranging from 2.43 to 2.44 g/cm³ and compressive strength ranging from 52.0 to 53.2 MPa, indicating that the PSC can sustain formation pressure up to about 5.3 km below the ground surface. Therefore, by addressing the critical limitations of traditional materials, PSC proves to be a durable, environmentally sustainable solution for lined rock caverns, reducing the risk of hydrogen leakage and ensuring the integrity of storage systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Storage and Integration of Renewable Energy Systems towards Energy Sustainability)

16 pages, 2525 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Agricultural Micro-Tiller Detachability Research and Multi-Module Design Development

by Hongyu Zhou, Shuang Xue, Zhengfeng Bao, Xuemin Zhang and Yexin Chen

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8594; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198594 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

To improve the detachability performance and remanufacturing capability of existing agricultural micro-tillers, a modular design concept is introduced into the product design and development process, with Axiomatic Design (AD) and the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) serving as the methodological guidance and theoretical framework. [...] Read more.

To improve the detachability performance and remanufacturing capability of existing agricultural micro-tillers, a modular design concept is introduced into the product design and development process, with Axiomatic Design (AD) and the Design Structure Matrix (DSM) serving as the methodological guidance and theoretical framework. In the design process, “Z-mapping” is used to reconstruct the demand/function/structure of the agricultural micro-tiller, decompose the total functions step by step, and establish a design matrix to transform the initial user requirements into specific functional indicators and design parameters. Geometric correlation is used as the design evaluation index to assign values to the matrix to establish a DSM for the correlations between agricultural micro-tiller design parameters. Using system clustering to optimize the distribution of matrix values, a total of five functional modules were identified to achieve a modular design scheme and design a prototype for agricultural micro-tillers. This design solution has significantly better disassembly performance than existing products, effectively enhancing the remanufacturing capability of existing equipment, proving the effectiveness of the Kano-AD-DSM-based design strategy, and providing a new theoretical reference for the innovative design of other small agricultural equipment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 2606 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Conceptual Framework for the Activation of Sustainable Cooperative Housing Production in Saudi Arabia

by Waleed Alzamil

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8593; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198593 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

Despite efforts to solve the housing crisis in Saudi Arabia, there are still many challenges related to providing affordable housing due to the high cost of production. Cooperative housing is an approach that achieves the principle of affordable housing through collective effort and [...] Read more.

Despite efforts to solve the housing crisis in Saudi Arabia, there are still many challenges related to providing affordable housing due to the high cost of production. Cooperative housing is an approach that achieves the principle of affordable housing through collective effort and effective management. However, activating sustainable cooperative housing production is a process that involves reforming the entire housing system, including policies, subsidies, management, and financing. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework to activate cooperative housing production in Saudi Arabia so as to achieve affordable housing. The research methodology relies on a theoretical approach to identify the relationship between cooperative housing and urban systems so as to determine the factors of cooperative production, including housing policies, management, subsidies, and financing, within a participatory framework. This study focuses on monitoring the situation of cooperative housing and local housing challenges using theoretical concepts, indicators, and international experiences. This study proposes a comprehensive framework for the production of cooperative housing that effectively affects the Saudi housing market and is compatible with the needs of people with low incomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 1764 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spatial Web-Interactive Impact Assessment Tool: Affordable Smart City Real Estate

by Sara Torabi Moghadam, Dana Al Mamlouk and Patrizia Lombardi

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8592; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198592 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

The evaluation of smart affordable cities considering sustainable subsystems improves urban quality of life through efficient resource usage, reduced environmental impacts, and improved living conditions for residents. This study aims to develop an interactive and dynamic Web Geographic Information System (GIS) framework to [...] Read more.

The evaluation of smart affordable cities considering sustainable subsystems improves urban quality of life through efficient resource usage, reduced environmental impacts, and improved living conditions for residents. This study aims to develop an interactive and dynamic Web Geographic Information System (GIS) framework to facilitate decision-making processes during the design phase while including third parties and stakeholders using a spatial interactive impact assessment approach. The methodology follows a quantitative research method based on delivering a tool that could be replicated in other contexts. This tool assesses the impact of smart scenarios to support affordable city planning through selecting Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). This tool was applied to Brazilian large-scale affordable housing within a smart city project. Based on this study, the conclusion reports some research limitations and the possibility of creating a beta version of the tool for future development. The findings show that this Web-GIS framework enhances stakeholder engagement and the effectiveness of decision making in developing sustainable urban planning. Full article

22 pages, 23561 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Optimization of a Slow-Walking System in a Higher Education Campus—Taking the Huangjiahu Campus of Wuhan University of Science and Technology as an Example

by Xiaotang Xia, Hong Yan, Yuting Qin and Tingyang Li

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8591; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198591 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

The design of slow-moving systems in colleges and universities is a critical factor in ensuring the safety, convenience, and comfort of campus transportation. This study focuses on the Huangjiahu Campus of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, conducting an in-depth analysis of the [...] Read more.

The design of slow-moving systems in colleges and universities is a critical factor in ensuring the safety, convenience, and comfort of campus transportation. This study focuses on the Huangjiahu Campus of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, conducting an in-depth analysis of the current shortcomings in the campus’s slow-moving system with respect to safety, convenience, and comfort. The analysis employs the PLPS research method and statistical analysis, while the satisfaction with the slow-moving transportation system is further assessed using the IPA method. The study identifies key factors affecting the performance of the slow-moving system and proposes improvement measures based on the evaluation results. These measures aim to enhance campus transportation efficiency, improve environmental quality, and increase the vitality and attractiveness of campus spaces. This study offers a theoretical basis and practical strategies for optimizing the slow-moving transportation system at the Huangjiahu Campus of Wuhan University of Science and Technology and other institutions of higher education. It also provides guidance for planning and improving slow-moving transportation systems in urban planning, contributing significant academic and practical value. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Transportation)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 2479 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Zooplankton Structure and Ecological Niche Differentiation of Dominant Species in Tahe Bay, Lushun, China

by Yanrong Zhang, Zengqiang Yin, Yan Wang, Guoxing Li, Dawang Zhang, Jun Yang, Lei Chen, Haifeng Gu, Yuxue Qin and Tao Tian

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8590; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198590 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

Zooplankton are important food organisms in the marine ecosystem, and their community structure and distribution reflect the productivity of the waters. To investigate the zooplankton structure and the environmental factors affecting ecological niche differentiation in the waters of Tahe Bay, Lushun, a survey [...] Read more.

Zooplankton are important food organisms in the marine ecosystem, and their community structure and distribution reflect the productivity of the waters. To investigate the zooplankton structure and the environmental factors affecting ecological niche differentiation in the waters of Tahe Bay, Lushun, a survey was conducted in September 2021 and March, April, and November 2022 in the waters of Tahe Bay. The results showed that there are 31 species representing four phyla, with an annual mean abundance of 12.42 × 10³ ind/m³, dominated by Copepoda (13 species, 41.94%), with zooplankton richness indices ranging from 0.83 to 2.44, diversity indices ranging from 0.84 to 2.42, and evenness indices ranging from 0.14 to 0.84. Pearson’s correlation of zooplankton abundance and community diversity with environmental factors, such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, NH₃-N, and NO₃-N, was significant in the waters of Tahe Bay. There were 13 dominant species, mainly consisting of broad-niche species, among which Oithona similis was the dominant species in all four seasons; the degree of niche overlap of the dominant species was related to the seasons, with a serious niche overlap accounting for 81.0% in September 2021, and there was no niche overlap in March 2022; 33.3% of the species had a severe ecological niche overlap in April 2022, with a serious niche overlap accounting for 86.7% in November 2022. The results of redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that water temperature, salinity, DO, and DIP are the main environmental factors affecting the ecological niche differentiation of the dominant species of zooplankton. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Oceans)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 3037 KiB

Open AccessReview

Socio-Eco-Efficiency in Agroforestry Production Systems: A Systematic Review

by Salvador Luna-Vargas, Mario del Roble Pensado-Leglise, Carlos Rosano-Peña and André Luiz Marques-Serrano

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8589; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198589 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

Eco-efficiency has emerged to reduce environmental impacts and improve competitiveness in various industries, including agriculture. However, the application of eco-efficiency in agroforestry, incorporating social variables, is a relatively recent development. This study conducted a review of the scientific literature on eco-efficiency to address [...] Read more.

Eco-efficiency has emerged to reduce environmental impacts and improve competitiveness in various industries, including agriculture. However, the application of eco-efficiency in agroforestry, incorporating social variables, is a relatively recent development. This study conducted a review of the scientific literature on eco-efficiency to address key questions. The analysis utilized the Web of Science Core Collection database, focusing on categories such as sustainable eco-efficiency, agricultural eco-efficiency, forestry eco-efficiency, and socio-eco-efficiency. The objective of this work is to offer a bibliometric analysis on socio-eco-efficiency in agroforestry production systems. The results revealed three stages in eco-efficiency research: an initial stage with low publication numbers, a second stage marked by significant growth and a focus on sustainable development, and a third stage characterized by rapid growth and increasing interest. In the field of agricultural eco-efficiency, there has been a recent increase in publications, reflecting the growing importance of agriculture in eco-efficiency analyses. China emerged as the leading country in terms of scientific advancements in eco-efficiency. The study also identified key research areas and institutions contributing to the literature on agricultural eco-efficiency. Overall, the findings highlight the expanding interest and future potential of socio-eco-efficiency in agroforestry research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

20 pages, 1011 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards Sustainable Mobility: Determinants of Intention to Purchase Used Electric Vehicles in China

by Jinzhi Zou, Khairul Manami Kamarudin, Jing Liu and Jiaqi Zhang

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8588; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198588 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

A thriving electric vehicles (EVs) market serves as a pivotal embodiment of the global push towards sustainable mobility. As one of the leading global EV sellers, China owns a huge used EV market, which should be spotlighted. While most studies focus on the [...] Read more.

A thriving electric vehicles (EVs) market serves as a pivotal embodiment of the global push towards sustainable mobility. As one of the leading global EV sellers, China owns a huge used EV market, which should be spotlighted. While most studies focus on the mechanism of new EV purchases, few put their insight into the trade of used EVs. To fill this gap, this paper aims to clarify the mechanism of consumption behaviour towards used EVs. First, we identified 11 variables that have a direct or indirect impact on consumers’ purchase intention and constructed a conceptual framework. Then, we checked the structural relationships of the model through an empirical study (n = 431). The results showed that purchase intention was determined by two variables: perceived risk and attitude. We also observed an association between income and purchase intention. Functional risk had a direct and significant impact on perceived risk. Economic value, brand trust, and after-sales service were crucial predictors of attitude. Education could moderate the relationship between attitudes and purchase intention. Based on theoretical findings, we present the design strategies to enhance consumers’ purchase willingness from car companies’ and policymakers’ viewpoints. In practical situations, this article offers valuable insights for stakeholders related to the used EV industry, providing a critical reference for advancing sustainable mobility. Full article

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 1038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

What Is the Value of an Environmental Certification Label in Tourism Industry? Is It Worth the Effort?

by Francisco Dias, Alexandra Meira Lavaredas and Patrícia Esteves

Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8587; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198587 - 3 Oct 2024

Abstract

The increasing awareness of environmental, social and cultural issues has highlighted the concept of sustainable certification. The aim of this study is to understand the main drivers and constraints for companies to join certification schemes and compare possible changes between the years 2021 [...] Read more.

The increasing awareness of environmental, social and cultural issues has highlighted the concept of sustainable certification. The aim of this study is to understand the main drivers and constraints for companies to join certification schemes and compare possible changes between the years 2021 and 2024 among tourism companies. A total of 417 online questionnaires were collected, and a comparative study was conducted. The findings show that the drivers for implementing certification schemes are improving the company’s image and customer-based brand equity, strengthening competitiveness, achieving eco-efficiency, cost reduction, and competitive advantage. On the side of the obstacles that discourage the adoption of certification schemes, there are difficulties in meeting the criteria of the certifications, adapting working methods, higher costs, and lower price competitiveness. The results also show that there was a significant increase in the number of certified companies and that women and young entrepreneurs are more sensitive to the implementation of good practices. It has been concluded that although there is greater demand and interest in implementing good tourism practices, people who know less about certification schemes and companies that are not certified have a weaker opinion regarding this topic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Sustainability and Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Description

Sustainability

Latest Articles

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Highly Accessed Articles

Latest Books

E-Mail Alert

News

Topics

Conferences

Special Issues

Topical Collections

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI