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Symmetry
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Symmetry and Pauli Exclusion Principle
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Symmetry and Pauli Exclusion Principle

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemistry: Symmetry/Asymmetry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 6536

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ilya G. Kaplan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Méxicodisabled, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
Interests: Pauli exclusion principle

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite potential authors to participate in a Special Issue of our journal, “Symmetry and the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP)”. The scope of this issue includes all types of symmetries, such as solid-state symmetries, bosonic and fermionic permutation symmetries, unitary groups, and also all aspects of PEP. As is well known, the identical particles satisfy the indistinguishability principle and are invariant under their permutations. This issue will consider violations of symmetries found in experiments and also different theoretical scenarios in which PEP is not fulfilled. Arguments will be made to explain why the PEP exists in nature.

We invite all participants that can present papers or reviews on recent developments in symmetry and the Pauli principle studies.

Dr. Ilya G. Kaplan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1801 KiB  
Article
Underground Tests of Quantum Mechanics by the VIP Collaboration at Gran Sasso
by Fabrizio Napolitano, Andrea Addazi, Angelo Bassi, Massimiliano Bazzi, Mario Bragadireanu, Michael Cargnelli, Alberto Clozza, Luca De Paolis, Raffaele Del Grande, Maaneli Derakhshani, Sandro Donadi, Carlo Fiorini, Carlo Guaraldo, Mihail Iliescu, Matthias Laubenstein, Simone Manti, Antonino Marcianò, Johann Marton, Marco Miliucci, Edoardo Milotti, Kristian Piscicchia, Alessio Porcelli, Alessandro Scordo, Francesco Sgaramella, Diana Laura Sirghi, Florin Sirghi, Oton Vazquez Doce, Johann Zmeskal and Catalina Curceanuadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Symmetry 2023, 15(2), 480; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15020480 - 11 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1815
Abstract
Modern physics lays its foundations on the pillars of Quantum Mechanics (QM), which has been proven successful to describe the microscopic world of atoms and particles, leading to the construction of the Standard Model. Despite the big success, the old open questions at [...] Read more.
Modern physics lays its foundations on the pillars of Quantum Mechanics (QM), which has been proven successful to describe the microscopic world of atoms and particles, leading to the construction of the Standard Model. Despite the big success, the old open questions at its very heart, such as the measurement problem and the wave function collapse, are still open. Various theories consider scenarios which could encompass a departure from the predictions of the standard QM, such as extra-dimensions or deformations of the Lorentz/Poincaré symmetries. At the Italian National Gran Sasso underground Laboratory LNGS, we search for evidence of new physics proceeding from models beyond standard QM, using radiation detectors. Collapse models addressing the foundations of QM, such as the gravity-related Diósi–Penrose (DP) and Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) models, predict the emission of spontaneous radiation, which allows experimental tests. Using a high-purity Germanium detector, we could exclude the natural parameterless version of the DP model and put strict bounds on the CSL one. In addition, forbidden atomic transitions could prove a possible violation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle (PEP) in open and closed systems. The VIP-2 experiment is currently in operation, aiming at detecting PEP-violating signals in Copper with electrons; the VIP-3 experiment upgrade is foreseen to become operative in the next few years. We discuss the VIP-Lead experiment on closed systems, and the strong bounds it sets on classes of non-commutative quantum gravity theories, such as the θ–Poincaré theory. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Pauli Exclusion Principle)
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4 pages, 217 KiB  
Article
Identical Particles Exchange Symmetry and the Electric Dipole Moment in Molecules
by Guglielmo M. Tino
Symmetry 2022, 14(11), 2397; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14112397 - 13 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1090
Abstract
Based on fundamental symmetries, molecules cannot have a permanent electric dipole moment, although it is commonly used in the literature to explain the different molecular spectra for heteronuclear and homonuclear molecules. Electric-dipole rotational and vibrational spectra can indeed be observed in heteronuclear molecules, [...] Read more.
Based on fundamental symmetries, molecules cannot have a permanent electric dipole moment, although it is commonly used in the literature to explain the different molecular spectra for heteronuclear and homonuclear molecules. Electric-dipole rotational and vibrational spectra can indeed be observed in heteronuclear molecules, while they are missing in molecules with identical nuclei. This paper shows that the missing spectral features can be explained as an effect of the exchange symmetry for identical particles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Pauli Exclusion Principle)

Review

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26 pages, 4554 KiB  
Review
Symmetry of Identical Particles, Modern Achievements in the Pauli Exclusion Principle, in Superconductivity and in Some Other Phenomena
by Ronald Columbié-Leyva, Alberto López-Vivas, Jacques Soullard, Ulises Miranda and Ilya G. Kaplan
Symmetry 2023, 15(3), 701; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym15030701 - 11 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1837
Abstract
In this review, the modern achievements in studies of the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) and the properties of the identical particle systems when PEP is not fulfilled are discussed. The validity of conception of the spin in the framework of density functional theory [...] Read more.
In this review, the modern achievements in studies of the Pauli exclusion principle (PEP) and the properties of the identical particle systems when PEP is not fulfilled are discussed. The validity of conception of the spin in the framework of density functional theory (DFT) approaches is analyzed. The modern state of the recently discovered Fe-based superconductors is discussed in detail. These materials belong to the paramagnetic semimetal family and become superconductors upon doping. Recently, in 2020, room-temperature superconductivity was realized. However, from the following discussion in the SC community, it was not evident that the results of room-temperature superconductivity have been repeated by other laboratories. Thus, the question “is room temperature really achieved?” is still open. In the concluding remarks, we present the explanation of why the PEP limitations on the symmetry of identical particles system exist in nature, and following from it, some important consequences. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Pauli Exclusion Principle)
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10 pages, 824 KiB  
Review
First and Second Sound in Two-Dimensional Bosonic and Fermionic Superfluids
by Luca Salasnich, Alberto Cappellaro, Koichiro Furutani, Andrea Tononi and Giacomo Bighin
Symmetry 2022, 14(10), 2182; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14102182 - 17 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1236
Abstract
We review our theoretical results of the sound propagation in two-dimensional (2D) systems of ultracold fermionic and bosonic atoms. In the superfluid phase, characterized by the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the U(1) symmetry, there is the coexistence of first and [...] Read more.
We review our theoretical results of the sound propagation in two-dimensional (2D) systems of ultracold fermionic and bosonic atoms. In the superfluid phase, characterized by the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the U(1) symmetry, there is the coexistence of first and second sound. In the case of weakly-interacting repulsive bosons, we model the recent measurements of the sound velocities of 39K atoms in 2D obtained in the weakly-interacting regime and around the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) superfluid-to-normal transition temperature. In particular, we perform a quite accurate computation of the superfluid density and show that it is reasonably consistent with the experimental results. For superfluid attractive fermions, we calculate the first and second sound velocities across the whole BCS-BEC crossover. In the low-temperature regime, we reproduce the recent measurements of first-sound speed with 6Li atoms. We also predict that there is mixing between sound modes only in the finite-temperature BEC regime. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry and Pauli Exclusion Principle)
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