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Toxics
Special Issues
Safe Utilization and Ecological Restoration of Heavy Metal Polluted Farmland
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Safe Utilization and Ecological Restoration of Heavy Metal Polluted Farmland

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Toxicity Reduction and Environmental Remediation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 October 2024 | Viewed by 2371

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Bin Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
Interests: heavy metal; contamination; phytoremediation; soil; cadmium
Prof. Dr. Ying Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Interests: heavy metals; plant-microbe interaction; bioavailability; endophytic bacteria; phytoremediation; soil pollution and food safety
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heavy metals are naturally occurring elements that have a high density and are toxic to living organisms, including humans. Some common heavy metals include lead, mercury, cadmium, arsenic, nickel, copper and chromium. They can persist in the environment for long periods, and have been a significant environmental concern posing high risks to both ecosystems and human health.

To address heavy metal pollution, regulations and guidelines are implemented to control and minimize the release of heavy metals into the environment. This includes the enforcement of emission standards for industries, the proper management and disposal of hazardous waste, and the implementation of monitoring programs to assess the levels of heavy metal contamination in different environmental compartments.

The remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil is crucial to mitigate the risks posed by this pollution. Several techniques are employed to remove or reduce heavy metals from the soil. Physical methods, such as excavation and soil capping, involve physically removing the contaminated soil or covering it with a barrier to prevent further contamination. Chemical methods, such as soil washing and chemical immobilization, aim to change the chemical properties of heavy metals in the soil, making them less mobile and less available to plants and organisms. Biological methods, such as the use of plants in phytoremediation, utilize certain plant species that can accumulate and remove heavy metals from the soil.

Dr. Bin Guo
Prof. Dr. Ying Feng
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heavy metal
  • environment
  • phytoremediation
  • utilization
  • ecological restoration
  • toxicity
  • safe utilization

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2054 KiB  
Article
Evaluating the Response of the Soil Bacterial Community and Lettuce Growth in a Fluorine and Cadmium Co-Contaminated Yellow Soil
by Mei Wang, Xiangxiang Chen, Yasir Hamid and Xiaoe Yang
Toxics 2024, 12(7), 459; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12070459 - 25 Jun 2024
Viewed by 545
Abstract
The impact of cadmium (Cd) and fluorine (F) on plant and human health has provoked significant public concern; however, their combined effects on plant and soil bacterial communities have yet to be determined. Here, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects [...] Read more.
The impact of cadmium (Cd) and fluorine (F) on plant and human health has provoked significant public concern; however, their combined effects on plant and soil bacterial communities have yet to be determined. Here, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of exogenous F, Cd, and their combination (FCd) on lettuce growth and soil bacterial communities. The results revealed that F and Cd concentrations in lettuce ranged from 63.69 to 219.45 mg kg–1 and 1.85 to 33.08 mg kg–1, respectively, presenting lower values in shoots than in the roots. Moreover, low contamination levels had no discernable influence on lettuce growth, but showed a synergistic negative on plant biomass when exogenous F and Cd exceeds 300 and 1.0 mg kg–1, respectively. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the most abundant bacterial community at the phylum level was Proteobacteria, with the relative abundance ranging from 33.42% to 44.10% across all the treatments. The contaminants had little effect on bacterial richness but impacted the structure of bacterial communities. The PCoA showed that compartment and contaminants were the primary contributors to the largest source of community variation, while the VPA indicated that F and Cd synergistically affected the bacterial communities. In turn, lettuce plants could enhance the resistance to the combined stress by increasing the relative abundance of Oxyphotobacteria, Subgroup 6, Thermoleophilia, and TK10 classes in the rhizosphere. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safe Utilization and Ecological Restoration of Heavy Metal Polluted Farmland)
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12 pages, 2398 KiB  
Article
Temporal and Spatial Variation of Toxic Metal Concentrations in Cultivated Soil in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China: Characteristics and Mechanisms
by Mengzhuo Cao, Yanbo Jia, Xin Lu, Jinfa Huang, Yanlai Yao, Leidong Hong, Weijing Zhu, Weiping Wang, Fengxiang Zhu and Chunlai Hong
Toxics 2024, 12(6), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060390 - 26 May 2024
Viewed by 467
Abstract
The toxic metal (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) pollution in 250 agricultural soil samples representing the urban area of Jiaxing was studied to investigate the temporal and spatial variations. Compared to the early 1990s, the pollution level has increased. [...] Read more.
The toxic metal (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) pollution in 250 agricultural soil samples representing the urban area of Jiaxing was studied to investigate the temporal and spatial variations. Compared to the early 1990s, the pollution level has increased. Industry and urbanization were the main factors causing toxic metal pollution on temporal variation, especially the use of feed containing toxic metals. The soil types and crop cultivation methods are the main factors causing toxic metal pollution on spatial variation. Although the single-factor pollution indices of all the toxic metals were within the safe limits, as per the National Soil Environmental Quality Standard (risk screening value), if the background values of soil elements in Jiaxing City are used as the standard, the pollution index of all the elements surveyed exceeds 1.0, reaching a level of mild pollution. The soil samples investigated were heavily contaminated with toxic metal compounds, and their levels increased over time. This situation poses potential ecological and health risks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safe Utilization and Ecological Restoration of Heavy Metal Polluted Farmland)
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16 pages, 5830 KiB  
Article
A Modified Model for Quantitative Heavy Metal Source Apportionment and Pollution Pathway Identification
by Maodi Wang, Pengyue Yu, Zhenglong Tong, Xingyuan Shao, Jianwei Peng, Yasir Hamid and Ying Huang
Toxics 2024, 12(6), 382; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060382 - 23 May 2024
Viewed by 685
Abstract
Current source apportionment models have successfully identified emission sources and quantified their contributions. However, when being utilized for heavy metal source apportion in soil, their accuracy needs to be improved, regarding migration patterns. Therefore, this work intended to improve the pre-existing principal component [...] Read more.
Current source apportionment models have successfully identified emission sources and quantified their contributions. However, when being utilized for heavy metal source apportion in soil, their accuracy needs to be improved, regarding migration patterns. Therefore, this work intended to improve the pre-existing principal component analysis and multiple linear regression with distance (PCA-MLRD) model to effectively locate pollution pathways (traffic emissions, irrigation water, atmospheric depositions, etc.) and achieve a more precise quantification. The dataset of soil heavy metals was collected from a typical area in the Chang-Zhu-Tan region, Hunan, China in 2021. The identification of the contribution of soil parent material was accomplished through enrichment factors and crustal reference elements. Meanwhile, the anthropogenic emission was identified with principal component analysis and GeoDetector. GeoDetector was used to accurately point to the pollution source from a spatial differentiation perspective. Subsequently, the pollution pathways linked to the identified sources were determined. Non-metal manufacturing factories were found to be significant anthropogenic sources of local soil contamination, mainly through rivers and atmospheric deposition. Furthermore, the influence of irrigation water on heavy metals showed a more pronounced effect within a distance of 1000 m, became weaker after that, and then gradually disappeared. This model may offer improved technical guidance for practical production and the management of soil heavy metal contamination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safe Utilization and Ecological Restoration of Heavy Metal Polluted Farmland)
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